scholarly journals Right-first-time dyeing: a design of experiments approach for the optimisation of dyeing-processes using hard water

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-455
Author(s):  
Saira Faisal ◽  
Aurelio Tronci ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Erum Bashir ◽  
Long Lin
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Models ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
First Time

Purpose The purpose of this study was to optimise the dyeing conditions to achieve right-first-time dyeing in hard water. Owing to the persistent water scarcity for more than two decades now, the textile industry in Pakistan is forced to rely on high-mineral-content ground water for use in textile wet processing. Furthermore, the limited amount of municipal water that is at the disposal of the textile industry is also high in mineral content. Thus, on the large scale, water hardness has become an acute problem for the textile processor. In particular, in the dyeing process, water hardness is known to have crucial effects. However, to-date, no systematic study has been conducted on this aspect of textile dyeing. Design/methodology/approach In this study, 32 full factorial design was used to optimise the dyeing conditions to achieve right-first-time dyeing in hard water. Thus, cotton fabric was dyed with Red Reactive dye (of dyebath concentration at 5, 10 and 15 g/L) in prepared hard water (of hardness at 10, 40 and 70°dH), respectively. Analysis of variance, coefficient of determination (R2) and p-values for the models were used to evaluate the adequacy of the predictive models. The surface plots of the effects were studied to further examine the interactions of two independent variables. Derringer’s desirability function was used to determine the optimum levels of each variable. Findings Three levels for both independent variables generate second-order polynomial models to predict the colour strength, lightness, red/green, yellow/blue and total colour difference values of dyed cotton. The obtained predictive models point out the considerable influence of both water hardness and dye concentration on right-first-time dyeing. Originality/value Such a finding enabled the dye-mill to produce the correct shade at water hardness of 10°dH and 15 g/L dye concentration, without the need for corrective reprocessing.

Conflict resolution practice in public procurement: evidence from Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliya Rodionova
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Conflict Handling ◽  
Informal Relations ◽  
First Time

Purpose This paper aims to analyze conflict resolution practice in public procurement. The specific feature of this sphere is the presence of the state and the resulting differences in assessing the chances of protecting one’s interests in court, as well as the effectiveness of judicial conflict resolution mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the findings of a large-scale survey of suppliers conducted in 2017. To identify the characteristics of suppliers that use different conflict resolution mechanisms, probit-models were evaluated. For robustness check, combined mechanisms for resolving conflict situations were also considered and multi-nomial logistic regression was used. Findings The survey results showed that the majority of suppliers prefer to resolve conflicts in public procurement using an out-of-court negotiation with procurers while only 31% of respondents resort to judicial proceedings. At the same time, suppliers potentially involved in informal relations with procurers, are less likely to go to court and less often use negotiations. Practical implications The results of the study can be used as a justification for the development of a regulatory and organizational framework for the use of negotiations, mediation, arbitration and other alternate methods of conflict resolution in public procurement. Originality/value This paper makes an important contribution to the conflict-handling strategies of businesses and government by presenting for the first time a quantitative assessment of the prevalence of mechanisms for resolving conflicts in public procurement and factors influencing the choice of a conflict resolution mechanism.

Fruit shells of Camellia oleifera Abel as natural colourants for pigment printing of cotton fabric

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monthon Nakpathom ◽  
Buppha Somboon ◽  
Nootsara Narumol ◽  
Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Fastness Properties ◽  
Light Fastness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Colour Fastness ◽  
Colour Strength ◽  
Screen Printing Technique ◽  
First Time

Purpose The present study aims to focus on the feasibility of using an aqueous extract from the fruit shell of Camellia oleifera Abel as a source of natural colourant in printing-paste preparation for pigment printing of cotton fabric. The effects of pre- and post-mordanting with three common metallic mordants, that is AlK(SO4)2, CuSO4 and FeSO4 on colour yield and colour fastness properties are also investigated. Design/methodology/approach The printing paste was prepared by mixing the concentrated Camellia oleifera Abel fruit shell extract solution with commercially available synthetic thickener and binder. The fabric sample was printed with the prepared printing paste using a flat-screen printing technique. To determine the effects of pre- and post-mordanting, AlK(SO4)2, CuSO4 and FeSO4 mordant aqueous solutions with various concentrations were applied using the pad-dry technique. Comparisons between printing with and without mordants were evaluated in terms of colour strength (K/S values) and colour fastness to washing, light, crocking and perspiration. Findings Without the mordants, the printed fabric had a yellowish brown shade with acceptable colour fastness properties, that is fair to good wash fastness, moderate light fastness, good to very good crocking fastness and fair to good perspiration fastness. The use of mordants, especially CuSO4 and FeSO4, not only enhanced colour strength but also imparted different colours to the fabric. Compared to the unmordanted fabrics, colour fastness properties were mostly comparable or improved in the mordanted fabrics depending on the type and concentration of mordants. Research limitations/implications Although in the case of CuSO4 the light fastness was increased to a good to very good level, it is recommended that the final print be produced with a concentration of less than 0.125 gL−1 to yield the print with the residual amount of Cu metal under the limit, that is less than 50 ppm as regulated by the Oeko-Tex® standard. Practical implications The obtained prints from Camellia oleifera Abel fruit shell extract provided shades with satisfactory colour fastness to washing, light, crocking and perspiration. The extract from Camellia oleifera Abel fruit shell has the potential to be used as an alternative to synthetic dye in the textile industry. Originality/value The use of Camellia oleifera Abel fruit shells, which are considered as abundant byproducts of tea seed oil production, as natural colouring agents for pigment printing of cotton fabric has been reported for the first time. It will minimise the environmental impact of this waste and create more valuable textile products.

Pyrolysis kinetics of recycled polyesters

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaber Al-Juaidiyah
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Pyrolysis Kinetics ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Exponential Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Kissinger Model ◽  
Kinetics Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the non-isothermal degradation kinetics of recycled polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in a nitrogen atmosphere. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve this goal, the author utilized standard kinetic models, such as Coats-Redfern and Kissinger equations, for analysis of the TGA data. Findings – When applied to the TGA data, the Kissinger model resulted in a coefficient of determination (R2) value greater than 0.99. Originality/value – This study describes the maiden application of the Kissinger model to obtain the pre-exponential factor (A) and activation energy (E) for different polyester systems used in the textile industry.

Environment and technology dominate the WEF agenda

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The People ◽  
Impact Risk ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
First Time

Significance For the first time in the eleven-year history of the survey, no economic risk makes the list of the top five most likely or biggest impact risks. In contrast, large-scale terrorist attacks make the top five most likely risks for the first time and weapons of mass destruction are cited as the highest impact risk. All five environment-related risks are ranked among the top ten highest impact risks for the first time -- four in the top five: extreme weather events; water crises; major natural disasters; and failure of climate change mitigation and adaptation. The survey cites strengthening global cooperation systems as a top five challenge, and says these environmental risks will be exacerbated if cooperation diminishes. Impacts Nearly a third of respondents think that increasing polarisation will be an underlying trend over the next ten years. More must be done to include the people left behind by technological change -- more than 4 billion lack internet access. The United States may withdraw from the Paris climate change agreement, and a number of free trade deals are at risk.

scholarly journals The Aspergillus nidulansnucAEndoGHomologue Is Not Involved in Cell Death

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara de Castro Pimentel Figueiredo ◽  
Patrícia Alves de Castro ◽  
Taísa Magnani Dinamarco ◽  
Maria Helena S. Goldman ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Endonuclease G ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTUpon apoptosis induction, translocation of mammalian mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG) to the nucleus coincides with large-scale DNA fragmentation. Here, we describe for the first time a homologue of EndoG in filamentous fungi by investigating if theAspergillus nidulanshomologue of the EndoG gene, namednucAEndoG, is being activated during farnesol-induced cell death. Our results suggest that NucA is not involved in cell death, but it plays a role in the DNA-damaging response inA. nidulans.

An efficient local search for large-scale set-union knapsack problem

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Zhou ◽  
Mengyu Zhao ◽  
Mingjie Fan ◽  
Yiyuan Wang ◽  
Jianan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Knapsack Problem ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Statistical Experiments ◽  
Scale Optimization ◽  
First Time

PurposeThe set-union knapsack problem is one of the most significant generalizations of the Non-deterministic Polynomial (NP)-hard 0-1 knapsack problem in combinatorial optimization, which has rich application scenarios. Although some researchers performed effective algorithms on normal-sized instances, the authors found these methods deteriorated rapidly as the scale became larger. Therefore, the authors design an efficient yet effective algorithm to solve this large-scale optimization problem, making it applicable to real-world cases under the era of big data.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop three targeted strategies and adjust them into the adaptive tabu search framework. Specifically, the dynamic item scoring tries to select proper items into the knapsack dynamically to enhance the intensification, while the age-guided perturbation places more emphasis on the diversification of the algorithm. The lightweight neighborhood updating simplifies the neighborhood operators to reduce the algorithm complexity distinctly as well as maintains potential solutions. The authors conduct comparative experiments against currently best solvers to show the performance of the proposed algorithm.FindingsStatistical experiments show that the proposed algorithm can find 18 out of 24 better solutions than other algorithms. For the remaining six instances on which the competitor also achieves the same solutions, ours performs more stably due to its narrow gap between best and mean value. Besides, the convergence time is also verified efficiency against other algorithms.Originality/valueThe authors present the first implementation of heuristic algorithm for solving large-scale set-union knapsack problem and achieve the best results. Also, the authors provide the benchmarks on the website for the first time.

Optimized characterization of response surface methodology on lubricant with titanium oxide nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Syahirah Mohamad ◽  
Salmiah Kasolang
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Contour Plot ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Non Linear System

Purpose An optimized model is often deployed to reduce trial and error in experimental approach and obtain the multi-variant correlation. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM), namely, Box–Behnken design (BBD) approach, has been used to optimize the characterization of lubricant with additives. BBD is based on multivariate analysis whereby the effects of different parameters are considered simultaneously. It is a non-linear system which is more representative of the actual phenomenon. This study aims to investigate the effect of three independent variables, namely, speed, load and concentration of TiO2, on the coefficient of friction (CoF). Design/methodology/approach RSM was applied to get the multiplicity of the self-determining input variables and construct mathematical models. Mathematical models were established to predict the CoF and to conduct a statistical analysis of the independent variables’ interactions on response surface using Minitab 16.0 statistical software. Three parameters were regulated: speed (X1), load (X2) and concentration of TiO2 (X3). The output measured was the CoF. Findings The result obtained from BBD has shown that the most influential parameter was speed, followed by concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles and then normal load. Analysis of variance indicated that the proposed experiment from the quadratic model has successfully interpreted the experimental data with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.9931. From the contour plot of BBD, the optimization zone for interacting variables has been obtained. The zone indicates two regions of lower friction values (<0.04): concentration between 0.5 to 1.0 Wt.% for a speed range of 1,000 to 2,000 rpm, and load between 17 to 20 kg for a speed in the range of 1,200 to 1,900 rpm. The optimized condition shows that the minimum value of CoF (0.0191) is at speed of 1,782 rpm, load of 20 kg and TiO2 concentration of 1.0 Wt.%. Originality/value In general, it has been shown that RSM is an effective and powerful tool in experimental optimization of multi-variants.

scholarly journals Spider silk foam coating of fabric

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1769-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Jokisch ◽  
Thomas Scheibel
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spider Silk ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spider Silk Protein ◽  
New Material ◽  
Spider Silks ◽  
First Time

Abstract Silks are well known natural fibers used for textile applications and have got for the first time available upon sericulture of silkworms (Bombyx mori) several thousand years ago in China. In contrast to silkworm silk, spider silks offer better mechanical properties such as higher tensile strength and much better toughness, but natural spider silk is less accessible due to the cannibalistic behavior of spiders prohibiting large scale farming, and therefore has not been employed in textile industry yet. In this study, a biotechnologically produced spider silk protein was introduced as a new material for textile applications in form of foam coating material. The spider silk foam coating was developed to increase the abrasion behavior of natural and polymeric furniture textiles. Modern textiles are high-tech materials and optimized concerning yarn design and fabric weave to fit a wide range of applications. Often hydrofluorocarbons based coatings are used to enhance textile performances. Upon coating with sustainable spider silk, yarn fraying was significantly reduced lowering the tendency to form knots and loops. Further, the textile abrasion resistance, analyzed by pilling tests, was improved significantly (17–200%) for all tested types of fabrics, in particular long term strain pilling was minimized.

Time to raise the bar on nonprofit strategic planning and implementation

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret F. Reid ◽  
Lynne Brown ◽  
Denise McNerney ◽  
Dominic J. Perri
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Broad Cross Section ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plan Management ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This large-scale survey, initiated in 2012 and concluded in 2013, marked the first time a broad cross-section of the nonprofit community was asked to describe the strategic planning and strategic management practices they employ and to rate them for their impact on overall organizational success. Design/methodology/approach – Respondents were asked to self-rate their organization for overall success and the likelihood for continued success in the foreseeable future. Results from this data were then used as a filter to analyze practices across all responses by level of success (N = 507). Findings – Fully 93 percent of the most successful organizations, regardless of size or budget, credited their strategic planning and strategic-management efforts as having “some” to “critical” impact on their organization’s overall success. Practical implications – The evidence in this survey is so compelling that we believe the successful practices it identifies should be adopted by nonprofits of all sizes, demanded by boards, and supported by funders. Originality/value – This research indicates that funders should consider not only supporting strategic plan development, but also supporting development of ongoing plan management/implementation practices and requiring plan assessment reports/updates as part of the grantee’s reporting

The state and evolution of Gold open access: a country and discipline level analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwen Wang ◽  
Yunxue Cui ◽  
Shenmeng Xu ◽  
Zhigang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Subject Categories ◽  
Health Related ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gold Open Access

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of Gold open access (OA) rates in different countries and disciplines, as well as explore the influencing factors. Design/methodology/approach In this study, employing the OA filter option of Web of Science (WoS), the authors perform a large-scale evaluation of the OA state of countries and disciplines from 1990 to 2016. Particularly, the authors consider not only the absolute number of Gold OA literature but also the ratio of them among all literature. Findings Currently, one-quarter of the WoS articles is Gold OA articles. Brazil is the most active country in OA publishing, while Russia, India and China have the lowest OA ratios. The OA percentage of Brazil has been decreasing dramatically in recent years, while the OA percentages of China, UK and the Netherlands have been increasing. There also exist huge differences of OA percentages across different subject categories. The percentages of OA articles in biology, life, and health-related areas are high, while those in physics and chemistry-related subject categories are very low. Originality/value With the availability of large-scale data from WoS, this study conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the Gold OA state of major countries for the first time. The variation of OA percentages is considered in light of the research profiles. OA policies in different countries and funding organizations also have an influence on the OA development.

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