Effects of mixture ingredients on extrudability of concrete in Contour Crafting
Purpose This paper aims to investigate the extrudability (flow-ability and shape-stability) of concrete mixtures by using contour crafting (CC) as an automated construction process. Design/methodology/approach Several experiments have been performed for flow-ability and shape-stability of concrete mixtures. Experimental results were compared to understand significant factors and their interactions. After developing the empirical model for flow-ability, the model was validated. Findings The experimental investigation of varied combination of concrete components developed a mixture within constrains of the CC nozzle and improved the quality of the extruded part. Originality/value Several experimental samples were fabricated using CC, and the derived empirical model was validated after more than 700 h of work.