Effect of 3D printer enabled surface morphology and composition on coral growth in artificial reefs

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Valenzuela Matus ◽  
Jorge Lino Alves ◽  
Joaquim Góis ◽  
Augusto Barata da Rocha ◽  
Rui Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coral Growth ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to prove and qualify the influence of textured surface substrates morphology and chemical composition on the growth and propagation of transplanted corals. Use additive manufacturing and silicone moulds for converting three-dimensional samples into limestone mortar with white Portland cement substrates for coral growth. Design/methodology/approach Tiles samples were designed and printed with different geometries and textures inspired by nature marine environment. Commercial coral frag tiles were analysed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the main chemical elements. Raw materials and coral species were selected. New base substrates were manufactured and deployed into a closed-circuit aquarium to monitor the coral weekly evolution process and analyse the results obtained. Findings Experimental results provided positive statistical parameters for future implementation tests, concluding that the intensity of textured surface, interfered favourably in the coralline algae biofilm growth. The chemical composition and design of the substrates were determinant factors for successful coral propagation. Recesses and cavities mimic the natural rocks aspect and promoted the presence and interaction of other species that favour the richness of the ecosystem. Originality/value Additive manufacturing provided an innovative method of production for ecology restoration areas, allowing rapid prototyping of substrates with high complexity morphologies, a critical and fundamental attribute to guarantee coral growth and Crustose Coralline Algae. The result of this study showed the feasibility of this approach using three-dimensional printing technologies.

Animal orthosis fabrication with additive manufacturing – a case study of custom orthosis for chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Maria Wojnarowska ◽  
Jakub Najowicz ◽  
Tomasz Piecuch ◽  
Michał Sochacki ◽  
Dawid Pijanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Aided Design

Purpose Chicken orthoses that cover the ankle joint area are not commercially available. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to fabricate a customised temporary Ankle–Foot Orthosis (AFO) for a chicken with a twisted ankle using computer-aided design (CAD) and three-dimensional (3D) printing. The secondary objective of the paper is to present the specific application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in veterinary medicine. Design/methodology/approach The design process was based on multiple sketches, photos and measurements that were provided by the owner of the animal. The 3D model of the orthosis was made with Autodesk Fusion 360, while the prototype was fabricated using fused deposition modelling (FDM). Evaluation of the AFO was performed using the finite element method. Findings The work resulted in a functional 3D printed AFO for chicken. It was found that the orthosis made with AM provides satisfactory stiffen and a good fit. It was concluded that AM is suitable for custom bird AFO fabrication and, in some respects, is superior to traditional manufacturing methods. It was also concluded that the presented procedure can be applied in other veterinary cases and to other animal species and other parts of their body. AM provides veterinary with a powerful tool for the production of well-fitted and durable orthoses for animals. Research limitations/implications The study does not include the chicken's opinion on the comfort or fit of the manufactured AFO due to communication issues. Evaluation of the final prototype was done by the researchers and the animal owner. Originality/value No evidence was found in the literature on the use of AM for chicken orthosis, so this study is the first to describe such an application of AM. In addition, the study demonstrates the value of AM in veterinary medicine, especially in the production of devices such as orthoses.

Effect of system compliance on weld power in ultrasonic additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowtham Venkatraman ◽  
Adam Hehr ◽  
Leon M. Headings ◽  
Marcelo J. Dapino
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Power Input ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
Mechanical Compliance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a solid-state joining technology used for three-dimensional printing of metal foilstock. The electrical power input to the ultrasonic welder is a key driver of part quality in UAM, but under the same process parameters, it can vary widely for different build geometries and material combinations because of mechanical compliance in the system. This study aims to model the relationship between UAM weld power and system compliance considering the workpiece (geometry and materials) and the fixture on which the build is fabricated. Design/methodology/approach Linear elastic finite element modeling and experimental modal analysis are used to characterize the system’s mechanical compliance, and linear system dynamics theory is used to understand the relationship between weld power and compliance. In-situ measurements of the weld power are presented for various build stiffnesses to compare model predictions with experiments. Findings Weld power in UAM is found to be largely determined by the mechanical compliance of the build and insensitive to foil material strength. Originality/value This is the first research paper to develop a predictive model relating UAM weld power and the mechanical compliance of the build over a range of foil combinations. This model is used to develop a tool to determine the process settings required to achieve a consistent weld power in builds with different stiffnesses.

A framework for big data driven process analysis and optimization for additive manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 308-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfan Majeed ◽  
Jingxiang Lv ◽  
Tao Peng
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Processing And Storage

Purpose This paper aims to present an overall framework of big data-based analytics to optimize the production performance of additive manufacturing (AM) process. Design/methodology/approach Four components, namely, big data application, big data sensing and acquisition, big data processing and storage, model establishing, data mining and process optimization were presented to comprise the framework. Key technologies including the big data acquisition and integration, big data mining and knowledge sharing mechanism were developed for the big data analytics for AM. Findings The presented framework was demonstrated by an application scenario from a company of three-dimensional printing solutions. The results show that the proposed framework benefited customers, manufacturers, environment and even all aspects of manufacturing phase. Research limitations/implications This study only proposed a framework, and did not include the realization of the algorithm for data analysis, such as association, classification and clustering. Practical implications The proposed framework can be used to optimize the quality, energy consumption and production efficiency of the AM process. Originality/value This paper introduces the concept of big data in the field of AM. The proposed framework can be used to make better decisions based on the big data during manufacturing process.

scholarly journals Associations between Benthic Cover and Habitat Complexity Metrics Obtained from 3D Reconstruction of Coral Reefs at Different Resolutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Fukunaga ◽  
John H. R. Burns ◽  
Kailey H. Pascoe ◽  
Randall K. Kosaki
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Habitat Structure ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Quantifying the three-dimensional (3D) habitat structure of coral reefs is an important aspect of coral reef monitoring, as habitat architecture affects the abundance and diversity of reef organisms. Here, we used photogrammetric techniques to generate 3D reconstructions of coral reefs and examined relationships between benthic cover and various habitat metrics obtained at six different resolutions of raster cells, ranging from 1 to 32 cm. For metrics of 3D structural complexity, fractal dimension, which utilizes information on 3D surface areas obtained at different resolutions, and vector ruggedness measure (VRM) obtained at 1-, 2- or 4-cm resolution correlated well with benthic cover, with a relatively large amount of variability in these metrics being explained by the proportions of corals and crustose coralline algae. Curvature measures were, on the other hand, correlated with branching and mounding coral cover when obtained at 1-cm resolution, but the amount of variability explained by benthic cover was generally very low when obtained at all other resolutions. These results show that either fractal dimension or VRM obtained at 1-, 2- or 4-cm resolution, along with curvature obtained at 1-cm resolution, can effectively capture the 3D habitat structure provided by specific benthic organisms.

Challenges and opportunities to integrate the oldest and newest manufacturing processes: metal casting and additive manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Lynch ◽  
C.R. Hasbrouck ◽  
Joseph Wilck ◽  
Michael Kay ◽  
Guha Manogharan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Metal Casting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Low Volume

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the current state, technological challenges, economic opportunities and future directions in the growing “indirect” hybrid manufacturing ecosystem, which integrates traditional metal casting with the production of tooling via additive manufacturing (AM) process including three-dimensional sand printing (3DSP) and printed wax patterns. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted among 100 participants from foundries and AM service providers across the USA to understand the current adoption of AM in metal casting as a function of engineering specifications, production demand, volume and cost metrics. In addition, current technological and logistical challenges that are encountered by the foundries are identified to gather insight into the future direction of this evolving supply chain. Findings One of the major findings from this study is that hard tooling costs (i.e. patterns/core boxes) are the greatest challenge in low volume production for foundries. Hence, AM and 3DSP offer the greatest cost-benefit for these low volume production runs as it does not require the need for hard tooling to produce much higher profit premium castings. It is evident that there are major opportunities for the casting supply chain to benefit from an advanced digital ecosystem that seamlessly integrates AM and 3DSP into foundry operations. The critical challenges for adoption of 3DSP in current foundry operations are categorized into as follows: capital cost of the equipment, which cannot be justified due to limited demand for 3DSP molds/cores by casting buyers, transportation of 3DSP molds and cores, access to 3DSP, limited knowledge of 3DSP, limitations in current design tools to integrate 3DSP design principles and long lead times to acquire 3DSP molds/cores. Practical implications Based on the findings of this study, indirect hybrid metal AM supply chains, i.e. 3DSP metal casting supply chains is proposed, as 3DSP replaces traditional mold-making in the sand casting process flow, no/limited additional costs and resources would be required for qualification and certification of the cast parts made from three-dimensional printed sand molds. Access to 3DSP resources can be addressed by establishing a robust 3DSP metal casting supply chain, which will also enable existing foundries to rapidly acquire new 3DSP-related knowledge. Originality/value This original survey from 100 small and medium enterprises including foundries and AM service providers suggests that establishing 3DSP hubs around original equipment manufacturers as a shared resource to produce molds and cores would be beneficial. This provides traditional foundries means to continue mass production of castings using existing hard tooling while integrating 3DSP for new complex low volume parts, replacement parts, legacy parts and prototyping.

Bone reconstruction surgery of complex craniomaxillofacial deformities using additive manufacturing customized implants - a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Luiz Jardini ◽  
Éder Sócrates Sócrates Najar Lopes ◽  
Laís Pellizzer Gabriel ◽  
Davi Calderoni ◽  
Rubens Maciel Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aesthetic Results ◽  
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma ◽  
Medical Planning

Purpose This study aims to assess the design, manufacturing and surgical implantation of three-dimensional (3D) customized implants, including surgical preoperative planning, surgery and postoperative results, for cranioplasty along with zygomatic and orbital floor implants using additive manufacturing (AM) technics for a 23-year-old female who suffered from severe craniomaxillofacial trauma. Design/methodology/approach The skull biomodel was produced in polyamide while implants were made of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy by AM. Findings The method enabled perfectly fitting implants and anatomical conformance with the craniomaxillofacial defect, providing complete healing for the patient. Surgical planning using a customized 3D polyamide biomodel was effective. This proved to be a powerful tool for medical planning and manufacturing of customized implants, as complete healing and good craniofacial aesthetic results were observed. Originality/value Satisfactory surgical procedures, regarding surgery time reduction and good craniofacial aesthetic results, were achieved. Furthermore, the 3D titanium customized implants represented a favorable alternate for the repair of craniomaxillofacial defects.

A framework for the relationship implications of additive manufacturing (3D printing) for industrial marketing: servitization, sustainability and customer empowerment

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Chaney ◽  
Julien Gardan ◽  
Julien De Freyman
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Marketing ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Value Propositions ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the relationship implications of additive manufacturing (AM), which has the ability to produce layer-by-layer three-dimensional complex products by adding material in comparison to traditional manufacturing processes which remove material – for industrial marketing. Design/methodology/approach After presenting the literature on customer relationships and digital technologies in business-to-business, the study uses a “zoom-out” and “zoom-in” perspective to review the extant literature on AM and then makes study propositions for industrial marketing. Findings Through the adoption of AM technologies, the study suggests that firms can improve their level of servitization through customized products, offer more sustainable value propositions and empower their customers through the sale of digital files, which can be considered as levers to strengthen relationships with customers. Research limitations/implications This paper makes several propositions regarding the relationship implications of AM for industrial marketing that further research should test. Practical implications This paper highlights the relational benefits that adopting AM may represent for companies. Originality/value While AM which is considered as an industrial revolution has generated a wide body of research in engineering and operations and technology management sciences, its impact on industrial marketing remains understudied.

Upscaling production of droplets and magnetic particles with additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatien Mottin ◽  
Tsaihsing Martin Ho ◽  
Peichun Amy Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Technical Difficulty ◽  
Immiscible Liquid ◽  
Magnetic Microspheres ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Monodisperse microfluidic emulsions – droplets in another immiscible liquid – are beneficial to various technological applications in analytical chemistry, material and chemical engineering, biology and medicine. Upscaling the mass production of micron-sized monodisperse emulsions, however, has been a challenge because of the complexity and technical difficulty of fabricating or upscaling three-dimensional (3 D) microfluidic structures on a chip. Therefore, the authors develop a fluid dynamical design that uses a standard and straightforward 3 D printer for the mass production of monodisperse droplets. Design/methodology/approach The authors combine additive manufacturing, fluid dynamical design and suitable surface treatment to create an easy-to-fabricate device for the upscaling production of monodisperse emulsions. Considering hydrodynamic networks and associated flow resistance, the authors adapt microfluidic flow-focusing junctions to produce (water-in-oil) emulsions in parallel in one integrated fluidic device, under suitable flow rates and channel sizes. Findings The device consists of 32 droplet-makers in parallel and is capable of mass-producing 14 L/day of monodisperse emulsions. This convenient method can produce 50,000 millimetric droplets per hour. Finally, the authors extend the current 3 D printed fluidics with the generated emulsions to synthesize magnetic microspheres. Originality/value Combining additive manufacturing and hydrodynamical concepts and designs, the authors experimentally demonstrate a facile method of upscaling the production of useful monodisperse emulsions. The design and approach will be beneficial for mass productions of smart and functional microfluidic materials useful in a myriad of applications.

Wettability of laser textured surface: a parametric study based on numerical simulation and experimentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunlong Jiao ◽  
Xiaojun Liu ◽  
Kun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Surface Texturing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Surface Texturing ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Characterization Methods

PurposeDynamic spreading and wetting on the rough surfaces is complicated, which directly affects the fluxion and phrase transition properties of the fluid. This paper aims to enhance our knowledge of the mechanism of micro-texture lubrication from interface wettability and provide some guidance for the practical manufacturing of the surfaces with special wettability and better lubrication characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThe effect of surface topography on the wetting behavior of both smooth and rough hydrophilic surfaces was investigated using a combination of experimental and simulation approaches. Four types of patterns with different topographies were designed and fabricated through laser surface texturing. The samples were measured with a non-contact three-Dimensional (3D) optical profiler and were parameterized based on ISO 25178. Quantitative research on the relevancy between the topography characteristic and wettability was conducted with several 3D topography parameters.FindingsResults show that for the surfaces with isotropic textures, topography with a small skewness (Ssk) and a large kurtosis (Sku) exhibits better wettability and spreading behavior. For the surfaces with anisotropic textures (smaller texture aspect ratio,Str), dominant textures (such as long groove, rectangle) play a significant guiding role in promoting spreading. In addition, the moving mechanism of the triple contact line and anisotropic spreading were also studied using a computational fluid dynamics simulation. The simulation results have a good adherence with the experimental results.Originality/valueMost of the surface characterization methods at present remain at a level that is related to geometric description, and the topography parameters are limited to 2D roughness parameters. So in present study, the relevancy between wettability and 3D surface topography parameters is explored. The authors believe that the current work provides a new viewpoint to the relevancy between surface topography and wettability.

Fabrication of nanocellulose/PEGDA hydrogel by 3D printing

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimin Tang ◽  
Qinwen Wang ◽  
Shan Zhao ◽  
Wangyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aqueous Dispersion ◽  
Compression Modulus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Light Curing ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling Ratio

Purpose Nanocellulose is characterised by favourable biocompatibility, degradability, nanostructure effect, high modulus and high tensile strength and has been widely applied in various fields. The current research in the field of new nanocellulose materials mainly focuses on the hydrogel, aerogel and the tissue engineering scaffold. All of these are three-dimensional (3D) porous materials, but conventional manufacturing technology fails to realise precise control. Therefore, the method of preparing structural materials using 3D printing and adopting the nanocellulose as the 3D printing material has been proposed. Then, how to realise 3D printing of nanocellulose is the problem that should be solved. Design/methodology/approach By adding the photosensitive component polyethyleneglycol diacrylate (PEGDA) in the aqueous dispersion system of nanocellulose, the nanocellulose was endowed with photosensitivity. Then, nanocellulose/PEGDA hydrogels were prepared by the additive manufacturing of nanocellulose through light curing. Findings The results showed that the nanocellulose/PEGDA hydrogels had a uniform shape and a controllable structure. The nanocellulose supported the scaffold structure in the hydrogels. Prepared with 1.8 per cent nanocellulose through 40 s of light curing, the nanocellulose/PEGDA hydrogels had a maximum compression modulus of 0.91 MPa. The equilibrium swelling ratio of the nanocellulose/PEGDA hydrogel prepared with 1.8 per cent nanocellulose was 13.56, which increased by 44 per cent compared with that of the PEGDA hydrogel without nanocellulose. Originality/value The paper proposed a method for rapidly prototyping the nanocellulose with expected properties, which provided a theoretical basis and technological reference for the 3D additive manufacturing of nanocellulose 3D structure materials with a controlled accurate architecture.

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