scholarly journals Attitudes toward organic products: a cross-national comparison and scale validation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Francisco Sarabia-Andreu ◽  
Francisco J. Sarabia-Sanchez ◽  
María Concepción Parra-Meroño ◽  
Pablo Moreno-Albaladejo
Keyword(s):  
Scale Validation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Cross National

Purpose This study aims to examine the formal and metric properties of Gil et al.’s (2000) scale of attitudes toward organic products, which is the most popular scale to measure these attitudes. Design/methodology/approach The sample consisted of 4,992 household shoppers living in Hong Kong, Germany, Norway, Spain and the UK. The questionnaire was distributed using a third-party consumer panel, and the fieldwork was conducted using computer-assisted Web interviewing. The approach was based on confirmatory factor analysis and measurement of invariance, as well as format analysis using a wording-syntactic and semantic descriptive method. Findings The scale reflects an attitude-toward-object model approach. Its use has been heavily varied (in terms of wording, item semantics and the attributes to be measured). A two-factor structure that meets the metric conditions (reliability and validity) is found. However, the analysis of invariance shows that the scale behaves differently in different countries. Research limitations/implications This scale offers a good starting point for measuring attitudes toward organic products. However, it requires refinement to adapt to consumer evolution and improve its metric validity. Verification of its applicability in cross-national studies is recommended. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that assesses the format and quantitative characteristics of this scale on a cross-national level. For scholars and companies with international interests, preventing the use of scales with poor properties at the transnational level can improve the design of future studies and save money through a more informed choice of attitudinal scale.

scholarly journals Developing and validating a multi-dimensional measure of coopetition

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Crick ◽  
Dave Crick
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Product Markets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dimensional Measure ◽  
Business To Business

Purpose Coopetition, namely, the interplay between cooperation and competition, has received a good deal of interest in the business-to-business marketing literature. Academics have operationalised the coopetition construct and have used these measures to test the antecedents and consequences of firms collaborating with their competitors. However, business-to-business marketing scholars have not developed and validated an agreed operationalisation that reflects the dimensionality of the coopetition construct. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop and validate a multi-dimensional measure of coopetition for marketing scholars to use in future research. Design/methodology/approach To use a highly cooperative and highly competitive empirical context, sporting organisations in New Zealand were sampled, as the key informants within these entities engaged in different forms of coopetition. Checks were made to ensure that the sampled entities produced generalisable results. That is, it is anticipated that the results apply to other industries with firms engaging in similar business-to-business behaviours. Various sources of qualitative and quantitative data were acquired to develop and validate a multi-dimensional measure of coopetition (the COOP scale), which passed all major assessments of reliability and validity (including common method variance). Findings The results indicated that coopetition is a multi-dimensional construct, comprising three distinct dimensions. First, local-level coopetition is collaboration among competing entities within a close geographic proximity. Second, national-level coopetition is cooperation with rivals within the same country but across different geographic regions. Third, organisation-level coopetition is cooperation with competitors across different firms (including with indirect rivals), regardless of their geographic location and product markets served. Indeed, organisation-level coopetition extends to how companies engage in coopetition in domestic and international capacities, depending on the extent to which they compete in similar product markets in comparison to industry rivals. Also, multiple indicators were used to measure each facet of the coopetition construct after the scale purification stage. Originality/value Prior coopetition-based investigations have predominately been conceptual or qualitative in nature. The scarce number of existing scales have significant problems, such as not appreciating that coopetition is a multi-dimensional variable, as well as using single indicators. In spite of a recent call for research on the multiple levels of coopetition, there has not been an agreed measure of the construct that accounts for its multi-dimensionality. Hence, this investigation responds to such a call for research by developing and validating the COOP scale. Local-, national- and organisation-level coopetition are anticipated to be the main facets of the coopetition construct, which offer several avenues for future research.

Fashion self-congruity: scale development and validation

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahiba Anand ◽  
Harsandaldeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Scale Validation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Validity Tests ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and validate measurement properties of a scale measuring fashion self-congruity (FSC). Design/methodology/approach Based on the existing literature of self-congruity, and four studies carried out as a part of this research, the FSC scale has been validated in a step-by-step process following the scale validation methodology suggested by Churchill (1979). Findings The final version of the scale incorporates nine items classified into three dimensions: actual fashion self-congruity, ideal fashion self-congruity, and ideal social fashion self-congruity. The scale reveals strong psychometric properties based on findings of different reliability and validity tests. Practical implications A valid and reliable FSC scale provides a foundation to broaden quantitative inquiry into the types of FSC that consumers seek under different situations. Knowledge of the dominant self-concept driving the consumption of fashion in various situations will enable marketers to position their brands along the desired dimension of FSC. Originality/value The value of this research paper lies in validating a scale to measure FSC for the first time in the self-concept/congruity literature.

Divisions over EU defence integration look set to grow

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Level ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Defence Spending ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
Arms Exports ◽  
Security Relationship ◽  
Industry Integration ◽  
The Eu

Subject Future EU defence integration. Significance The Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) and the European Defence Fund (EDF) have become key pillars of EU defence policy, but divergence between member states is increasingly making defence integration slow and limited. In addition, opposition towards third-party participation and arms exports, and uncertainty about the future EU-UK security relationship, threaten to diminish the capabilities of future EU defence projects. Impacts London’s exclusion from the EU’s Galileo project suggests Brussels does not want close UK collaboration in future EU initiatives. The EU will likely prioritise steps to enhance European defence industry integration in order to reduce duplication and overspending. National-level defence spending could stall over the coming years as a result of slowing economic growth across the euro-area.

scholarly journals Social workers’ power of entry in adult safeguarding concerns: debates over autonomy, privacy and protection

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 312-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Stevens ◽  
Stephen Martineau ◽  
Jill Manthorpe ◽  
Caroline Norrie
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore debates about the powers social workers may need to undertake safeguarding enquiries where access to the adult is denied. Design/methodology/approach The paper takes as a starting point a scoping review of the literature undertaken as part of a study exploring social work responses to situations where they are prevented from speaking to an adult at risk by a third party. Findings A power of entry might be one solution to situations where social workers are prevented from accessing an adult at risk. The paper focuses on the Scottish approach to legal powers in adult safeguarding, established by the Adult Support and Protection Act (Scotland) 2007 and draws out messages for adult safeguarding in England and elsewhere. The literature review identified that debates over the Scottish approach are underpinned by differing conceptualisations of vulnerability, autonomy and privacy, and the paper relates these conceptualisations to different theoretical stances. Social implications The paper concludes that the literature suggests that a more socially mediated rather than an essentialist understanding of the concepts of vulnerability, autonomy and privacy allows for more nuanced approaches to social work practice in respect of using powers of entry and intervention with adults at risk who have capacity to make decisions. Originality/value This paper provides a novel perspective on debates over how to overcome challenges to accessing adults at risk in adult safeguarding through an exploration of understandings of vulnerability, privacy and autonomy.

Cultural factors of network inter-firm cooperation

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Popov ◽  
Jol Stoffers ◽  
Victoria Simonova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Properties ◽  
Firm Cooperation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Coordination Methods ◽  
Cross National

Purpose The purpose of this study is to specify cultural properties that influence inter-firm cooperation, advancing a conventional theoretical economic-based framework. Design/methodology/approach An evaluation of concepts related to parametric cultural assessment was the theoretical foundation for structural aspects of inter-firm collaboration, documented in an empirical study that investigates cross-cultural analysis. This study was based on research at a cross-national level, allowing cultural disparities to be captured. Therefore, the empirical basis was the sixth World Values Survey, which is the largest cross-national project for assessment of cultural values. Findings It was found that cultural properties, as freedom of choice; advancement of norms for equal dissemination of power; low perceived uncertainty; strategic orientation on the future; and spread norms of humanistic orientation would further develop inter-firm cooperation. Practical implications The current study specifies a systematic and practical definition of attributes in the culture of inter-firm collaboration. Advantages of such advanced frameworks are more sustainable collaboration models, decreased expenses of inter-firm coordination methods and possibilities for establishing network knowledge among collaborating firms – a necessity for competitive advantage in today’s global economy. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous research has been undertaken that specifies cultural properties influencing inter-firm cooperation, advancing a conventional theoretical economic-based framework.

How can consumer involvement be changed through communication campaigns? An information content choice model applied to the olive oil case

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Garrido-Castro ◽  
Eva María Murgado-Armenteros ◽  
Francisco José Torres-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Consumer Involvement ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Objective Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Communication Campaigns

PurposeInvolvement has been one of the most studied variables in the field of marketing due to its determinant role in consumer behaviour, but always as a contextual or mediating variable. Taking its relationship with knowledge as the starting point, in this work, the purpose of this paper is to examine how to use the choice of information content in communication campaigns to drive up the level of involvement. A new method based on Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) models is applied to the case of olive oil.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative research has been used for the proposed objectives of this work. Specifically, a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) has been conducted in several Spanish provinces using a structured questionnaire. Data obtained from 829 consumers are used.FindingsThe results support that consumer involvement with the product is related to objective knowledge about the product and its demand. Moreover, involvement can be modified through objective knowledge or information. Specifically, consumer involvement can be increased by the choice and communication of an optimal combination of five specific pieces of information (SPIs)Originality/valueIn this paper, involvement is considered as a result variable, i.e. a variable that can be modified or increased. This greater involvement can be achieved by improving the level of objective knowledge about a product. In addition, a new model is used and its viability is demonstrated and its ease of application to agri-food context.

Place branding-exploring knowledge and positioning choices across national boundaries

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (8) ◽  
pp. 1915-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Pucci ◽  
Elena Casprini ◽  
Samuel Rabino ◽  
Lorenzo Zanni
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
National Level ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Old World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Premium Price ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Cross National

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the product-specific region-of-origin (ROO) and product-specific country-of-origin (COO) on the willingness to pay a premium price for a wine label designated as a superbrand by the Italian Government: the Chianti Classico. Design/methodology/approach The paper introduces the concept of “ROO-COO distance”, defined as the importance attributed to a product-specific ROO as compared to its COO. In order to better understand whether the construct “ROO-COO distance” influences the willingness to pay a premium price, the paper considers consumers’ cross-national differences and their knowledge, distinguishing among three types of knowledge: consumers’ subjective general product knowledge, consumers’ subjective country product knowledge and consumers’ regional product experience (PE). Four hypotheses were tested focussing on Chianti Classico – a premium wine – as related to its ROO and COO (Tuscany, Italy). The authors employed a sample of 4,254 consumers originating from New World countries (Australia, USA and Canada) and Old World countries (Germany, UK, Sweden and Belgium). Findings The findings confirm that a place-of-origin influence on price-related product evaluations is country specific. Furthermore, the moderating role of consumers’ subjective product knowledge and consumers’ region-related PEs differ across countries. The ROO-COO distance was found to positively affect only Old World consumers. It was established that respondents’ subjective country/product knowledge and consumers’ regional knowledge or PEs positively moderate this relationship. Originality/value The paper links the COO and ROO effects in a single framework and analyses it at the cross-national level, while also considering the moderating effect of consumer’s knowledge.

Work-family state support for the self-employed across Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Annink ◽  
Laura den Dulk ◽  
Bram Steijn
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Self ◽  
European Countries ◽  
State Support ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Family State

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to map and understand work-family state support for the self-employed compared to employees across European countries. Design/methodology/approach – To map state work-family support policies for the self-employed, an overview of public childcare, maternity, paternity, and parental leave arrangements across European countries is created based on databases, local government web sites, and local experts’ country notes. Secondary data analyses are conducted in order to compare support for the self-employed to support for employees and across countries. Differences across countries are analysed from a welfare state regime perspective, which explicates assumptions about the role of the government in providing work-family state support and which is often used in research on work-family support for employees. Findings – Results show that, in general, the self-employed receive less work-family state support than employees or none at all. The extensiveness of work-family state support varies widely across European countries. Patterns of welfare states regimes, which explain variation in work-family support for employees, can also be found in the context of self-employment. Practical implications – Findings result in practical suggestions for policy makers at the European and national level to monitor policy compliance considering maternity leave for the self-employed, to increase childcare support, and to rethink the European Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan. Originality/value – Work-family state support for the growing number of self-employed has never been mapped before, although this is a very topical issue for (European) policy makers. This paper offers a starting point to contextualise and understand the way self-employed experience the work-family interface in different country contexts.

The impact of AI-enabled service attributes on service hospitableness: the role of employee physical and psychological workload

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailian Qiu ◽  
Minglong Li ◽  
Billy Bai ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Yingli Li
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Workload Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Hospitableness lies in the center of hospitality services. With the infusion of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the hospitality industry, managers are concerned about how AI influences service hospitableness. Previous research has examined the consequences of AI technology based on customers’ assessment while ignoring the key players in service hospitableness – frontline employees (FLEs). This study aims to reveal how AI technology empowers FLEs physically, mentally and emotionally, facilitating hospitableness provision. Design/methodology/approach As the starting point, the instrument for AI-enabled service attributes was designed based on previous literature, hotel FLE interviews, expert panel and a pilot survey, and then validated using survey data. After that, a paired supervisor-employee sample was recruited in 15 hotels, and 342 valid questionnaires covering the constructs were obtained. Findings Factor analyses and measurement model evaluation suggest that the four factors, including anthropomorphic, entertainment, functional and information attributes, explain the construct of AI-enabled service attributes well, with high reliability and validity. Additionally, anthropomorphic, functional and information attributes of AI technology have been found to enable FLEs physically, mentally and emotionally, which further lead to increased service hospitableness. The entertainment attributes do not significantly reduce physical and mental fatigue but lead to positive emotions of FLEs significantly. Additionally, psychological job demand moderates the effects of AI-enabled service attributes on physical fatigue. Practical implications Practical implications can be made for AI technology application and hospitableness provision, in terms of AI technology analysis, job design and employee workload management. Originality/value This research contributes to understanding AI-enabled service attributes and their consequences, extends the conservation of resources theory to AI application context and promotes the research on service hospitableness.

Validating oil and gas royalty rate measurement scale: evidence from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abba Ya'u ◽  
Natrah Saad ◽  
Abdulsalam Mas'ud
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Royalty Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Royalty Rates

Purpose This study aims to validate the royalty rate measurement scale by using rigorous scale validation procedures. Design/methodology/approach Evaluation of reliability and validity of the measures of royalty rate was performed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using SPSS version 25 and PLS-SEM version 3.8. Findings The results provide evidence that the royalty rate measurement scale has achieved reliability and validity criteria. Research limitations/implications Consequently, policymakers, practitioners and researchers can adopt this scale to assess the royalty rate in other energy sectors where royalty arrangements exist in different jurisdictions across the globe. Practical implications The practical contributions of the study are threefold. First, the validated scale presented in Table IV can serve as a checklist for oil and gas producing countries while assessing the stringiness or otherwise of their royalty rates. Second, the validated scale can be used to assess the perception of oil and gas companies with regards to the royalty rate as whether the rate is too high and worrisome or is acceptable. Finally, it could also be used to assess the role of regulatory bodies in assessing royalty rates while dealing with multinational and local oil companies. Eventually, the scale can assist policymakers across the globe to adapt in investment decision-making, particularly regarding royalty arrangement. Originality/value This study undoubtedly builds the existing literature and contributes to the subject area; by implication, the validated scale will assist host oil and gas countries with stringent royalty rate to revise the royalty policy in such a way to ensure neutrality, thereby not chasing away the current investors or discouraging prospective ones from investing in their oil and gas industry.

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