Physicochemical characterization of cow horn ash and its effect as filler material on the mechanical property of polyester-banana fibre composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-829
Author(s):  
Ernest Mbamalu Ezeh ◽  
O.D. Onukwuli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Banana Fibre

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to observe the effect of cheap cow horn ash particles (CHAp) filler as a possible replacement for expensive fillers on the mechanical properties of polyester-banana peduncle fibre (BPF) composites were evaluated using standard procedures. Design/methodology/approach Composite was developed using CHAp as a filler component, polyester resin and BPF, with the filler of varying percentage weights (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%), at particle sizes of 125 µm, using hand lay-up technique. The physicochemical properties of CHAp were examined through x-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion spectrometric analysis (EDS) and density. Mechanical properties of the developed composites were also examined. Findings The results showed that the tensile properties and impact strength of the composites reduced marginally with the incorporation of the cow horn ash particle as a filler. However, the flexural strength of the composites increased progressively with the incorporation of BPF as the fibre loading increased. The major constituents of CHAp were CaO from XRF study, calcite (CaCO3) from XRD study and Ca in EDS study in accordance with the analytical parameter, which showed a major component of calcium. The high value of CaCO3 in CHAp improved flexural and impact strengths of the composites. CHAp presented around solid and irregular shape particle characteristic of most fillers with an average particle size of 98.13 nm. The tensile and flexural strengths of the polyester matrix composites obtained at 7.5% BPF: 7.5% CHAp was 117.87 MPa depicting satisfactory mechanical characteristics. Originality/value Generally, cow horn ash particle exhibited adequate filler component potential in composite production in keeping with its property effects on the mechanical properties of polyester-BPF composites.

Study on Mechanical Properties of AA6061/SiC/B4C Hybrid Nano Metal Matrix Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 1034 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Shubhajit Das ◽  
M. Chandrasekaran ◽  
Sutanu Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Hybrid Nanocomposites ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Structural Applications

The present work investigates the mechanical characterization of aluminium alloy (AA) 6061 based hybrid nanometal matrix composites (MMCs) fabricated using conventional stir casting process. Two compositions viz., AA6061+1.5 wt.% B4C+0.5 wt.% SiC (Hybrid A) and AA6061+1.5 wt.% B4C+1.5 wt.% SiC (Hybrid B) was prepared and its mechanical properties such as microhardness, tensile, compressive, flexural and impact strength were investigated to compare with unreinforced AA6061. SiC and B4C ceramic particles (purity 99.89%) of average particle size of 50 nm were used as reinforcements. Significant enhancement in microhardness of 30.2% and 31.02% for hybrid A and B are observed respectively. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased by 10.72% and 16.55% for hybrid A and B respectively. Improved interaction because of the enhanced surface to volume ratio at the interface resulted in improvement of mechanical properties. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of the fractured surface shows brittle fracture because of the incorporation of the ceramic reinforcements in the matrix material. The developed AA6061/SiC/B­4C hybrid nanocomposites show improved mechanical properties for high-performance structural applications.

Mechanical properties and erosive behaviour of 10TiO2-Cr2O3 coated CA6NM turbine steel under accelerated conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushdeep Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Slurry Erosion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Uncoated Steel ◽  
Erosion Test ◽  
Turbine Steel

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the mechanical properties and slurry erosion behaviour of 10TiO2-Cr2O3 coated turbine steel. Design/methodology/approach Slurry erosion experiments were performed on the coated turbine steel specimens using slurry erosion test rig under accelerated conditions such as rotational speed, average particle size and slurry concentration. Surface roughness tester, Vickers microhardness tester and scanning electron microscope were used to analyse erosion mechanism. Findings Under all experimental conditions, 10TiO2-Cr2O3 coated steel showed better slurry erosion resistance in comparison with Al2O3 coated and uncoated steel specimens. Each experimental condition indicated a significant effect on the erosion rate of both coatings and uncoated steel. The surface analysis of uncoated eroded specimen revealed that plastic deformation, ploughing and deep craters formation were the reasons for mass loss, whereas microchipping, ploughing and microcutting were the reasons for mass loss of coated specimens. Originality/value The present investigation provides novel insight into the comparative slurry erosion performance of high velocity oxy fuel deposited 10TiO2-Cr2O3 and Cr2O3 coatings under various environmental conditions. To form modified powder, 10 Wt.% TiO2 was added to 90 Wt.% Cr2O3.

scholarly journals Advancement in Microstructural, Optical, and Mechanical Properties of PVA (Mowiol 10-98) Doped by ZnO Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. B. Rithin Kumar ◽  
Vincent Crasta ◽  
B. M. Praveen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Studies

The current paper explores the preparation of PVA nanocomposites by doping with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using the method of coagulation and solvent casting technique. The dopant zinc oxide nanoparticle is prepared by simple precipitation method and is confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The XRD studies explore that the average particle size of the synthesized nanoparticles is 55 nm and show that the crystallinity factor of PVA nanocomposites is influenced by the interaction occurring between the PVA main chain and the ZnO nanoparticle. The FTIR spectroscopy suggests that the formulation of complexes occurring between the dopants and the PVA main chain is due to inter or intra molecular hydrogen bonding. UV-vis spectra explore the dramatic decrease in the optical energy gap of nanoparticles doped polymer composites and the variations of Urbach energy (Eu) related to crystallinity for various dopant concentrations. The mechanical properties of the PVA nanocomposites were explored using universal testing machine (UTM) that reflects that, for x=15% doping concentration, there is an increase in the tensile strength, stiffness, and Young’s modulus, whereas, for x=7.5% concentration, the percentage total elongation at fracture is found to be the maximum. The morphological behavior and homogenous nanoparticle distribution in the composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX).

scholarly journals Hardness and Microstructure of Mixed Al-CNF Powder Extrusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 1267-1270
Author(s):  
D.-H. Kim ◽  
T.-J. Kim ◽  
S.-G. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Aluminum Powder ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Matrix Composites

AbstractIn this study, mechanical properties and microstructures of extruded aluminum matrix composites were investigated. The composite materials were manufactured by two step methods: powder metallurgy (mixture of aluminum powder and carbon fiber using a turbular mixer, pressing of mixed aluminum powder and carbon fiber using a cold isostatic pressing) and hot extrusion of pressed aluminum powder and carbon fiber. For the mixing of Al powder and carbon fibers, aluminum powder was used as a powder with an average particle size of 30 micrometer and the addition of the carbon fibers was 50% of volume. In order to make mixing easier, it was mixed under an optimal condition of turbular mixer with a rotational speed of 60 rpm and time of 1800s. The process of the hot-extrusion was heated at 450°C for 1 hour. Then, it was hot-extruded with a condition of extrusion ratio of 19 and ram speed of 2 mm/s. The microstructural analysis of extruded aluminum matrix composites bars and semi-solid casted alloys were carried out with the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Its mechanical properties were evaluated by Vickers hardness and tensile test.

scholarly journals Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Al7Si/ SiC and Al7SiMg/SiC Composites Produced by Semi Solid Stir Casting Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 02036
Author(s):  
Sulardjaka ◽  
Sri Nugroho ◽  
Suyanto ◽  
Deni Fajar Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Reinforcement Particle ◽  
Aluminum Matrix Composites ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Semi Solid

Mechanical characteristic of silicon carbide particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites produced by semi solid stir casting technique was investigated. Al7Si and Al7SiMg were used as metal matrix. High purity silicon carbida with average particle size mesh 400 was used as reinforcement particle. Aluminum matrix composites with variation of SiC: 5 %, 7.5 % and 10 % wt were manufactured by the semi solid stir casting technique. Stiring process was performed by 45 ° degree carbide impeller at rotation of 600 rpm and temperature of 570 °C for 15 minutes. Characteritation of composites speciment were: microscopic examination, density, hardness, tensile and impact test. Hardness and density were tested randomly at top, midlle and bottom of composites product. Based on distribution of density, distribution of hardness and SEM photomicrograph, it can be concluded that semisolid stir casting produces the uniform distribution of particles in the matrix alloy. The results also indicate that introducing SiC reinforcement in aluminum matrix increases the hardness of Al7Si composite and Al7SiMg composite. Calculated porosities increases with increasing wt % of SiC reinforcements in composite. The addition of 1 % Mg also increases the hardness of composites, reduces porosities of composite and enhances the mechanical properties of composites.

scholarly journals Thermal, Structural, and Physical Properties of Freeze Dried Tropical Fruit Powder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Athmaselvi ◽  
C. Kumar ◽  
M. Balasubramanian ◽  
Ishita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Lcr Meter

This study evaluates the physical properties of freeze dried tropical (guava, sapota, and papaya) fruit powders. Thermal stability and weight loss were evaluated using TGA-DSC and IR, which showed pectin as the main solid constituent. LCR meter measured electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss factor. Functional groups assessed by FTIR showed presence of chlorides, and O–H and N–H bonds in guava, chloride and C–H bond in papaya, and chlorides, and C=O and C–H bonds in sapota. Particle size and type of starch were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and microstructure through scanning electronic microscopy. A semicrystalline profile and average particle size of the fruit powders were evidenced by X-ray diffraction and lamellar/spherical morphologies by SEM. Presence of A-type starch was observed in all three fruits. Dependence of electric and dielectric properties on frequency and temperature was observed.

Fabrication of monoclinic BiVO4 photocatalyst film and its photocatalytic activity for organic pollutant removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saranyoo Chaiwichian ◽  
Buagun Samran
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Visible Light Irradiation ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Film Sample ◽  
Acid Orange 7 ◽  
Acid Orange ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Monoclinic BiVO4 photocatalyst films decorated on glass substrates were successfully fabricated via a dip-coating technique with different annealing temperatures of 400 °C, 450 °C, 500°C, and 550 °C. All of the physical and chemical properties of as-prepared BiVO4 photocatalyst film samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra techniques. The results revealed that the as-prepared BiVO4 photocatalyst film samples retained a monoclinic phase with an average particle size of about 50 – 100 nm. Moreover, the BiVO4 photocatalyst film samples showed a strong photoabsorption edge in the range of visible light with the band gap energy of 2.46 eV. The photocatalytic activities of all the film samples were tested by the degradation of model acid orange 7 under visible light irradiation. The BiVO4 photocatalyst film sample annealed at a temperature of 500 °C showed the highest photoactivity efficiency compared with other film samples, reaching up to 51%within 180 min. In addition, the stability and reusability of BiVO4 photocatalyst film sample made with an annealing temperature of 500 °C did not show loss of photodegradation efficiency of acid orange 7 after ten recycles. A likely mechanism of the photocatalytic process was established by trapping experiments, indicating that the hydroxyl radical scavenger species can be considered to play a key role for acid orange 7 degradation under visible light irradiation.

Samanea saman: A Novel Mucoadhesive Gum

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Nayana S. Baste ◽  
Ganesh. D. Basarkar
Keyword(s):  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Samanea Saman

Natural polymers are the most accepted pharmaceutical excipients of formulator’s choice. The reasons for this are their cost effectiveness, biocompatibility and availability. In this research article natural gum was extracted from the seeds of Samanea saman by using ethanol as a solvent. The physicochemical characterization like Loss on drying, Total ash and Acid insoluble ash, Swelling Index, Viscosity and qualitative evaluation of purified gum was done. The percent yield of gum was found to 6% w/w and the swelling index was found to be 18.5. Total ash value (7.5% w/w) and Acid insoluble ash value (1.4%w/w) shows purity of gum whereas 3.2% w/w loss on drying suggest low moisture content of gum. Chemical evaluation shows presence of carbohydrate. X ray diffraction graph of gum shows crystalline nature. The gum has average particle size 45.0±0.32 to 50±0.18μm, and the surface texture of the particles was found to be rough and irregular by scanning Electron Microscopy. Mucoadhesive property of gum was evaluated by Swelling index, Mucoadhesive force, Shear stress measurement. For this study polymeric tablet of gum with concentrations like 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90 %w/w were formulated and the results shows best mucoadhesive and swelling property. From the above result the gum may be used in the formulation of mucoadhesive dosage form.

Nanocrystalline α-Fe2O3: A Superparamagnetic Material for w-LED Application and Waste Water Treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Gaidhane ◽  
Deepak Taikar ◽  
Pravin Gaidhane ◽  
Kalpana Nagde
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Broad Emission Band ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Prepared Material ◽  
Cie Chromaticity

Abstract Nanocrystalline α-Fe2O3 is synthesized by sol-gel technique. The prepared nanomaterial was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM, TEM, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of α-Fe2O3. Electron microscopy showed spherical morphologies with an average particle size of 30-40 nm. The magnetic property of the prepared material was studied by VSM at room temperature. VSM study shows superparamagnetic nature of the synthesized nanoparticles. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra show intense broad emission band centered at 570 nm with 393 nm excitation indicating its usefulness for w-LED application. The CIE-chromaticity color coordinates of prepared material were calculated. The photocatalytic activity of the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was analyzed and the nanopowder exhibited good photocatalytic activity for the removal AO7 from its aqueous solution.

Mechanical and microstructural behavior of concrete containing marble and nano silica

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Sancheti ◽  
Vikram Singh Kashyap ◽  
Jitendra Singh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Static Modulus ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
Microstructural Behavior ◽  
Static Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Concrete Matrix

Purpose The purpose of this study is to perform comprehensive investigation to assess the mechanical properties of nano-modified ternary cement concrete blend. Nano silica (NS) (1%, 2% and 3%) and waste marble dust powder (MD) (5%, 10% and 15%) was incorporated as a fractional substitution of cement in the concrete matrix. Design/methodology/approach In this experimental study, 10 cementitious blends were prepared and tested for compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and static modulus of elasticity. The microstructural characteristics of these blends were also explored using a scanning electron microscope along with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray reflection. Findings The results indicate an enhancement in mechanical properties and refinement in pore structure due to improved pozzolanic activities of NS and the filling effect of MD. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has reported the mechanical and microstructural behavior of concrete containing marble and NS.

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