Work, Volume, Force

Keyword(s):  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Gustavo Taques Marczynski ◽  
Luís Carlos Zattar Coelho ◽  
Leonardo Emmanuel De Medeiros Lima ◽  
Rodrigo Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Dilmar Pinto Guedes Jr ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of two velocities of execution relative to blood lactate concentration in strength training exercise until the momentary concentric failure. Fifteen men (29.1 ± 5.9 years), trained, participated in the experiment. The volunteers performed three bench press sessions, with an interval of 48 hours between them. At the first session, individuals determined loads through the 10-12 RMs test. In the following two sessions, three series with 90 seconds of interval were performed, in the second session slow execution speed (cadence 3030) and later in the third session fast speed (cadence 1010). For statistical analysis, the Student-T test was used for an independent sample study and considered the value of probability (p) ≤ 0.05 statistically significant. By comparing the number of repetitions and time under tension of the two runs, all series compared to the first presented significant reductions (p < 0.05). The total work volume was higher with the fast speed (p < 0.05). The study revealed that rapid velocities (cadence 1010) present a higher concentration of blood lactate when compared to slow runs (cadence 3030). The blood lactate concentration, in maximum repetitions, is affected by the speed of execution.Keywords: resistance training, cadence, blood lactate.


2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S187
Author(s):  
Paul E. Luebbers ◽  
Jeffrey A. Potteiger ◽  
Beverly J. Warren ◽  
John N. Clore ◽  
Dale S. Bond ◽  
...  

Facilities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Yean Yng Ling ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Stephanie Yen Ling Tay

Purpose This study aims to investigate how the situational factors that facilities managers (FMs) in Singapore face in their jobs affect their work outcomes. Job situation factors such as types of tasks, interpersonal relationships in teams, supervisors’ actions and advancements opportunities are classified into job characteristics, social environment characteristics, leadership and organisational practices categories. Design/methodology/approach Based on a systematic literature review, a questionnaire was designed to collect data on work outcomes and job situational factors from FMs working in public housing estates in Singapore. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Science software, inferential statistical analyses were carried out. Findings FMs reported that they used economical means and resources to carry out their work significantly frequently and achieved significantly high productivity. Complaints are received significantly frequently and maintenance defects are regularly encountered. Many of the job situational factors are present and found to be significantly correlated with work outcomes and some of these may be used to predict FMs’ work outcomes. Based on the correlation results, the frequency of complaints from residents may be reduced through the following ways: make FMs’ work tasks less challenging; reduce the variety of work tasks that FMs need to execute; reduce FMs’ work volume and speed of work. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to FMs managing public housing estates in Singapore. The work outcomes are self-reported, and thus susceptible to bias. However, as the respondents reported significantly frequent complaints and defects, this might indicate that the bias is not serious. Practical implications FMs’ jobs should be broken down into small parts/tasks and assigned to different FMs to specialise. This makes FMs’ tasks less challenging, and allows them to specialise to increase their productivity, improve their quality of work and overcome the problem of high work volume or demanding work speed. By adopting job specialisation, the frequency of receiving complaints from residents may be reduced. Originality/value This study discovered strategies to reduce the number of complaints from residents of public housing about facilities management. The contribution to knowledge is that complaints by residents on facilities management can be reduced by adopting job specialisation but not job enlargement. Decomposing work into different tasks and allowing FMs to focus on a few tasks would lead to a reduction in complaints. It also enables FMs to master the skill and complete the tasks without much oversight or supervision.


2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter de Carvalho ◽  
Silvio Silvério da Silva ◽  
Michele Vitolo ◽  
Ismael Maciel de Mancilha

Abstract In this study we used the yeast Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 immobilized by entrapment in Ca-alginate beads (2 .5 -3 mm diameter) for xylitol production from concentrated sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate in a repeated batch system. The fermentation runs were carried out in 125- and 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks placed in an orbital shaker at 30 °C and 200 rpm during 72 h, keeping constant the proportion between work volume and flask total volume. According to the results, cell viability was substantially high (98%) in all fermentative cycles. The values of parameters xylitol yield and volumetric productivity increased significantly with the reutilization of the immobilized biocatalysts. The highest values of xylitol final concentration (11.05 g/1), yield factor (0.47 gig) and volumetric productivity (0.22 g/lh) were obtained in 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 80 ml of medium plus 20 mi of immobilized biocatalysts. The support used in this study (Ca-alginate) presented stability in the experimental conditions used. The results show that the use of immobilized cells is a promising approach for increasing the xylitol production rates.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Hendy Eka Putra ◽  
Hendrik Sulistio

The implementation of the construction project caused miscommunication, this made the contract became a reference during implementation. In the implementation of construction projects, there are often changes that not according to contract, for example: work volume changes, specifications changes, type or method of work changes, schedules changes , design changes, and others. These changes are commonly known as change orders. There are several things that cause a change order, for example: incompletable contract, design does not fit in the field, unsupportive weather, and others. This research is to determine the effect of change order in the aspects of cost, quality, and time in multi-storey building construction projects. Researchers used data from the responses of respondents consisting of contractors, consultants, and owners. The questionnaire made proposes several aspects of change orders and their effects on cost, quality, and time. Analysis of research data was carried out with the help of the SmartPLS 3.0 application program. The influence of change orders on costs is the lack of costs due to the addition of work items, while on quality is the quality decrease due to additional work volume, and on time is the delay in project completion due to changes in completed work.ABSTRAKPelaksanaan proyek konstruksi menyebabkan terjadi perbedaan pendapat yang disebabkan oleh pihak yang terlibat, hal ini membuat kontrak menjadi sangat penting dan menjadi acuan selama pelaksanaan. Pada pelaksanaan proyek konstruksi sering terjadi perubahan-perubahan yang akhirnya tidak sesuai dengan kontrak sebelumnya contohnya seperti: perubahan volume pekerjaan, perubahan spesifikasi, perubahan jenis atau metode pekerjaan, perubahan jadwal, perubahan design, dan lain-lain. Perubahan ini umum sekali terjadi dalam proyek konstruksi dan lebih sering dikenal sebagai change order.  Ada beberapa hal yang menyebabkan perlunya dilakukan change order, misalnya: kontrak yang dibuat tidak lengkap, design yang ada tidak sesuai dengan kondisi lapangan, cuaca yang tidak mendukung, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui besar pengaruh change order dalam aspek biaya, mutu, dan waktu dalam proyek konstruksi gedung bertingkat. Peneliti menggunakan data dari hasil tanggapan responden yang terdiri dari kontraktor, konsultan, dan pemilik. Kuesioner yang dibuat mengajukan beberapa aspek mengenai change order serta pengaruhnya terhadap biaya, mutu, dan waktu. Analisis data penelitian dilakukan dengan bantuan program aplikasi SmartPLS 3.0. Pengaruh change order terhadap biaya adalah kurangnya biaya akibat penambahan item pekerjaan, sedangkan terhadap mutu adalah menurunnya kualitas bangunan akibat penambahan volume pekerjaan, dan terhadap waktu adalah terjadinya keterlambatan penyelesaian proyek akibat perubahan pekerjaan yang telah selesai.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (60) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Jagiello

The analysis comprises a 33-day preparation period of the Polish representation in the fi nale of the Team World Championships held in Chile (16 10—22 10 2001). Particular attention was focused on the time structure of ap-plied training — the arrangement and duration of mesocycles and microcycles. The second aspect of the performed analysis, which was of equal importance, was the general volume and proportions of the applied training means. The performed studies and an analysis of data available in literature indicated that rational preparation to the main start in tennis should comprise the following factors: 1) phase of long term preparations and the current acquired fi tness level; 2) nature of preparations (orientation of workouts, type of applied means) as well as the values of basic parameters in training work (volume and intensity) that precede the particular period; 3) regularities connected with processes of restitution after diverse activities, as regards the magnitude (maximum, submaximal, average and small) and character of training load (related to speed, speed and strength, endurance, etc.); 4) the amount of time remaining for preparations to the main start.Keywords: structure of training, training mesocycles, training means.


Author(s):  
Ronen Ben-Horin ◽  
Moshe Shoham

Abstract The construction of a new type of a six-degrees-of-freedom parallel robot is presented in this paper. Coordinated motion of three planar motors, connected to three fixed-length links, produces a six-degrees-of-freedom motion of an output link. Its extremely simple design along with much larger work volume make this high performance-to-simplicity ratio robot very attractive.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Sugiharti ,

The use of precast concrete is planned on work structure tie beam, columns, beams, and slab for precast systems have the advantage in terms time and cost efficiency compared to conventional systems (cast in place) to reach the targets that have been planned by the government.The purpose is to find out the cost efficiency and time usage precast. The cost analysis was obtained from the multiplication of bill of quantity and the work volume. To find a network using the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) which was processed through Microsoft Project 2007 software then arranged in Bar Chart. The Bar Chart was arranged in the S-Curve with Microsoft Excel 2007 software. From the calculations, total project cost is IDR 13,300,074,303.07 with the cost efficiency IDR 604,137,428.00 or 4.34% less than the conventional method and the duration is 214 days with the time efficiensy 86 workdays or 28.67% quicker than the conventional method.Keywords: pre-cast concrete, cost, time, efficiency


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