Monitoring Pollution and Air Quality of Pedestrian and Automotive Tunnels in the City of Makkah

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Murad ◽  
Muhammad Yousuf Irfan Zia ◽  
Imran Ali Tasadduq
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Measurements of Local Sources of Particulates with a Portable Monitor along the Coast of an Insular City

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Christos Petsas ◽  
Marinos Stylianou ◽  
Antonis Zorpas ◽  
Agapios Agapiou
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Portable Monitor ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Anthropogenic Processes ◽  
The City ◽  
Coastal Front

The air quality of modern cities is considered an important factor for the quality of life of humans and therefore is being safeguarded by various international organizations, concentrating on the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10, 2.5 and 1 μm. However, the different physical and anthropogenic processes and activities within the city contribute to the rise of fine (<1 μm) and coarse (>1 μm) particles, directly impacting human health and the environment. In order to monitor certain natural and anthropogenic events, suspecting their significant contribution to PM concentrations, seven different events taking place on the coastal front of the city of Limassol (Cyprus) were on-site monitored using a portable PM instrument; these included both natural (e.g., dust event) and anthropogenic (e.g., cement factory, meat festival, tall building construction, tire factory, traffic jam, dust road) emissions taking place in spring and summer periods. The violations of the limits that were noticed were attributed mainly to the various anthropogenic activities taking place on-site, revealing once more the need for further research and continuous monitoring of air quality.

scholarly journals Contribution of Local and Transboundary Air Pollution to the Urban Air Quality of Fukuoka, Japan

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Ayako Yoshino ◽  
Akinori Takami ◽  
Keiichiro Hara ◽  
Chiharu Nishita-Hara ◽  
Masahiko Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Transboundary Air Pollution ◽  
Local Air Pollution ◽  
The City

Transboundary air pollution (TAP) and local air pollution (LAP) influence the air quality of urban areas. Fukuoka, located on the west side of Japan and affected by TAP from the Asian continent, is a unique example for understanding the contribution of LAP and TAP. Gaseous species and particulate matter (PM) were measured for approximately three weeks in Fukuoka in the winter of 2018. We classified two distinctive periods, LAP and TAP, based on wind speed. The classification was supported by variations in the concentration of gaseous species and by backward trajectories. Most air pollutants, including NOx and PM, were high in the LAP period and low in the TAP period. However, ozone was the exception. Therefore, our findings suggest that reducing local emissions is necessary. Ozone was higher in the TAP period, and the variation in ozone concentration was relatively small, indicating that ozone was produced outside of the city and transported to Fukuoka. Thus, air pollutants must also be reduced at a regional scale, including in China.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR MONITORING AIR POLLUTION FROM VEHICLES (CASE STUDY OF ST. PETERSBURG)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
V. N. Lozhkin ◽  
◽  
O. V. Lozhkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Information Process ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Standard Limit ◽  
The City ◽  
Original Information

Introduction. St. Petersburg is the cultural and sea capital of Russia. The city is characterized by environmental problems typical for the largest cities in the world. It has a technical system for instrumental online monitoring and computational forecasting of air quality. Methods. The system maintains the information process by means of computational monitoring of its current and future state. Results. The paper describes methodological approaches to the generation of instrumental information about the structure and intensity of traffic flows in the urban road network and its digital transformation into GIS maps of air pollution in terms of pollutants standard limit values excess. Conclusion. The original information technology for air quality control was introduced at the regional level in the form of an official methodology and is used in environmental management activities.

scholarly journals Impacts of Anthropogenic Factors on Urban Air Quality in Lagos Metropolis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Peter Nkashi AGAN
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Land ◽  
The City

Land use is the utilization and reordering of land cover for human comfort. This process disrupts the pristine state of the environment reducing the quality of environmental receptors like water, air, vegetation etc. Air pollution is introduced into the environment as a result of anthropogenic activities from commercial, industrial and residential areas. These activities are burning of fossil fuels for power generation, transport of goods and services, valorization of raw materials into finished products, bush burning, use of gas cookers, generators and electric stove etc. The introduction of pollutants into the planetary layer of the atmosphere has impacted negatively on the quality of the environment posing threat to humans and the survival of the ecosystem. In Lagos metropolis, commercial activities and high population densities have caused elevated levels of pollution in the city. This study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of pollutant in Lagos metropolis with a view to revealing the marked spatial/temporal difference in pollutants levels over residential, commercial and industrial land uses. Commercial and industrial land uses revealed higher levels of pollutants than the residential areas. Pearson product moment correlation coefficients revealed strong positive relationship between land use and air quality in the city.

scholarly journals Air quality indication in Blace (Southeastern Serbia) using lichens as bioindicators

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Stamenkovic ◽  
Svetlana Ristic ◽  
Tatjana Djekic ◽  
Tatjana Mitrovic ◽  
Rada Baosic
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Normal Zone ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City ◽  
Southeastern Serbia

Air quality investigations have not been undertaken in Blace until now. Identifying the presence of different types of epiphytic lichens was performed in the summer 2012 in Blace (southeastern Serbia), and selected rural settlements around Blace, in order to establish the air quality of the area. The analysis of samples from described localities indicated the presence of 25 lichen taxa from 19 genera. Using the Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP), it was found that there are 2 different air pollution zones in Blace: ?lichen desert? and ?transitional? or ?struggle zone?, which includes the periphery of the city. In these zones the air is moderately polluted. In the urban area of Blace there is no ?normal? zone, but one was detected in the surrounding rural areas.

scholarly journals The influence of COVID-19 on air quality in Brasov

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Larisa Blaga ◽  
Dan Savescu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
The City

Population health and air quality represents the objective of nowadays. Environmental pollution represents its deterioration and involves altering the chemical and structural characteristics of the natural and anthropogenic components of the environment, diminishing the diversity or biological productivity of natural ecosystems, affecting the natural environment with effects on quality of life, mainly caused by pollution. Environmental monitoring becomes a systematic and methodical concern, achieved through various measurement systems, in order to ensure the efficient management of all social activities. The Covid-19 pandemic has left its mark on air quality, reducing the amount of harmful compounds. Consequences of "lockdown" caused by the COVID-19 have been studied in the city Brasov, from Romania country, where the amount of suspended particles of 10 microns, respectively 25 microns.

scholarly journals Air Quality Into Cabin Environment of Different Passenger Cars: Effect of Car Usage, Fuel Type and Ventilation/Infiltration Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos I Tolis ◽  
Tilemachos Karanotas ◽  
Grigoris Svolakis ◽  
George Panaras ◽  
John G. Bartzis
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Traffic Emission ◽  
Cabin Environment ◽  
The City

Abstract Despite that commuters spend only 5.5% of their time in cabin vehicles, their exposure to harmful air pollutants, originated from the vehicle itself, and traffic emission is considered significant. In this study, two passenger cars with different type of fuels, were investigated in terms of air quality and thermal comfort of their cabin. Investigation was performed in the city of Kozani, Northern Greece. Moreover, air samples near the exhausts were taken, in order to compare concentration of compounds found indoors. 12 VOCs, and CO2 were measured inside the cabin when the cars were stopped, when idle, and when they were cruising in medium and heavy traffic roads, under various ventilated conditions. Thermal comfort was investigated while driving the cars through the city traffic. Results showed that the air around the diesel exhaust is less affected by emissions from the engine compared to LPG fuel. This is reflected to the TVOC measured into the cabin. Results also revealed that the air quality of a diesel fuel moving car with open windows is only affected by the traffic emissions from neighboring vehicles, while for the car with LPG fuel, the self-pollution from its own exhaust might contribute together with the outdoor air.

Urban Air Quality Grade Evaluation Based on Cluster Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Xin Yan Li ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Hong Jing Chen ◽  
Jing Tian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Quality Grade ◽  
Grade Difference ◽  
The City

Understanding the air quality grade difference among cities in our country plays a role in promoting the improvement of the city air quality and the sustainable development of human environment. This paper analyzes the air quality of the main 31 cities in China with the methods of cluster analysis and correspondence analysis, and according to the index related to air quality, cluster analysis classifies these areas air quality into 5 kinds. The result shows that Haikou and Lhasa rank top 2 in air quality, but Lanzhou and Urumqis air has been polluted most heavily.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 729 ◽  
pp. 139085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Dantas ◽  
Bruno Siciliano ◽  
Bruno Boscaro França ◽  
Cleyton M. da Silva ◽  
Graciela Arbilla
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

scholarly journals Bad Air Can Also Kill: Residential Indoor Air Quality and Pollutant Exposure Risk during the COVID-19 Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo ◽  
Jesica Fernández-Agüera ◽  
Sonia Cesteros-García ◽  
Roberto Alonso González-Lezcano
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Indoor Pollutants ◽  
Indoor Pollutant ◽  
Domestic Environments ◽  
The City ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

During the first outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic the population, focusing primarily on the risk of infection, was generally inattentive to the quality of indoor air. Spain, and the city of Madrid in particular, were among the world’s coronavirus hotspots. The country’s entire population was subject to a 24/7 lockdown for 45 days. This paper describes a comparative longitudinal survey of air quality in four types of housing in the city of Madrid before and during lockdown. The paper analysed indoor temperatures and variations in CO2, 2.5 μm particulate matter (PM2.5) and total volatile organic compound (TVOC) concentrations before and during lockdown. The mean daily outdoor PM2.5 concentration declined from 11.04 µg/m3 before to 7.10 µg/m3 during lockdown. Before lockdown the NO2 concentration values scored as ‘very good’ 46% of the time, compared to 90.9% during that period. Although the city’s outdoor air quality improved, during lockdown the population’s exposure to indoor pollutants was generally more acute and prolonged. Due primarily to concern over domestic energy savings, the lack of suitable ventilation and more intensive use of cleaning products and disinfectants during the covid-19 crisis, indoor pollutant levels were typically higher than compatible with healthy environments. Mean daily PM2.5 concentration rose by approximately 12% and mean TVOC concentration by 37% to 559%. The paper also puts forward a series of recommendations to improve indoor domestic environments in future pandemics and spells out urgent action to be taken around indoor air quality (IAQ) in the event of total or partial quarantining to protect residents from respiratory ailments and concomitantly enhanced susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, as identified by international medical research.

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