Logistic regression analysis for Predicting Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in-hospital mortality

Author(s):  
Yizhen Hai ◽  
Shui-Yee Wong ◽  
Kwok-Yung Yuen ◽  
Vincent CC Cheng ◽  
Kwok-Leung Tsui
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S100-S101
Author(s):  
Jung Ho Kim ◽  
Hi Jae Lee ◽  
Woon Ji Lee ◽  
Hye Seong ◽  
Jin young Ahn ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Infective endocarditis (IE) is a potentially lethal disease that has undergone constant changes in epidemiology and pathogen. Treatment of IE has become more complex with today’s myriad healthcare-associated factors as well as regional differences in causative organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the overall trends, microbiological features, clinical characteristics and outcomes of IE in South Korea. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with the diagnosis of probable or definite IE according to the modified Duke Criteria admitted to a tertiary care center in South Korea between November 2005 and August 2017. Poisson log-linear regression was used to estimate time trends of IE incidence rate and mortality rate. Risk factors for in-hospital mortality were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis including an interaction term. Results There were 419 IE patients (275 male vs. 144 female) during the study period. The median age of the patients was 56 years. The annual incidence rate of IE of our institution was significantly increased. (RR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.08; P = 0.006) The mortality rate showed trends toward down, but not statistically significant (P = 0.875). IE was related to a prosthetic valve in 15.0% and 21.7% patients developed IE during hospitalization. The mitral valve was the most commonly affected valve (61.3%). Causative microorganisms were identified in 309 patients (73.7%) and included streptococci (34.6%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (15.8%) and enterococci (7.9%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 14.6%. Logistic regression analysis found aortic valve endocarditis (OR 3.18; P = 0.001), IE caused by staphylococcus aureus (OR 2.32; P = 0.026), a presence of central nervous system embolic complication (OR 1.98; P = 0.031), a high SOFA score (OR 1.22; P = 0.023) and a high Charlson’s comorbidity index (OR 1.11; P = 0.019) as predictors of in-hospital mortality. On the other hand, surgical intervention for IE was found to be a protective factor against mortality. (OR 0.25, P < 0.001) Conclusion Although IE has been increasing, the mortality rate has not yet reduced significantly. Studies on causative organisms of IE and risk factors for mortality are warranted in improving prognosis. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 703-710
Author(s):  
Yuhang Mu ◽  
Boqi Hu ◽  
Nan Gao ◽  
Li Pang

Abstract This study investigates the ability of blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) to predict acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning (AOPP). Clinical data of 385 patients with AOPP were obtained within 24 h of admission, and NLR values were calculated based on neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. The patients were divided into two groups – good and poor – based on prognosis. Poor prognosis included in-hospital death and severe poisoning. The factors affecting prognosis were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and the prognostic value of NLR was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR levels, serum cholinesterase, and creatinine levels were good predictors of AOPP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high NLR was an independent risk factor for severe poisoning (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.10–1.17; p < 0.05) and in-hospital mortality (AOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.03–1.11; p < 0.05). NLR values >13 and >17 had a moderate ability to predict severe poisoning and in-hospital mortality, respectively (AUC of 0.782 [95% CI, 0.74–0.824] and 0.714 [95% CI, 0.626–0.803], respectively). Our results show that high NLR at admission is an independent indicator of poor prognosis in AOPP and can be used to optimize treatment and manage patients.


Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parwis Massoudy ◽  
Matthias Thielmann ◽  
Nils Lehmann ◽  
Anja Marr ◽  
Georg Kleikamp ◽  
...  

Background: We have previously shown that multiple prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures adversely affect outcome after subsequent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We were now interested to investigate this effect on a multicentric basis. Methods: Eight cardiac surgical centers from the German Federal State of North-Rhine-Westphalia provided outcome data of 37140 consecutive patients having undergone isolated first-time CABG between 01/2000 and 12/2005. Twenty-two patient characteristics and outcome variables, which are part of a collection of data claimed by the national medical quality-control commission, were retrieved from the individual databases. Three groups of patients were analyzed for overall in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE): Patients without a previous PCI procedure, patients with 1 previous PCI procedure and patients with ≥2 previous PCI procedures before surgery. Unadjusted univariable and risk-adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis were applied. Computed propensity-score matching was performed based on 15 patient major risk factors to correct for and minimize selection bias. Results: A total of 10.3% of patients had 1 previous PCI procedure, and 3.7% of patients had ≥2 previous PCI procedures. Risk-adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis of ≥2 previous PCI significantly correlated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; confidence interval [CI], 1.4–3.0; P <0.0005) and MACE (OR, 1.5; CI, 1.2–1.9; P <0.0013). After propensity score matching, conditional logistic regression analysis confirmed the results of adjusted analysis. A history of ≥2 previous PCI procedures was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.9; CI, 1.3–2.7; P =0.0016) and MACE (OR, 1.5; CI, 1.2–1.9; P =0.0019). Conclusions: This large multicentric trial supports earlier results of our single-center analysis, multiple previous PCI procedures significantly increased the event of in-hospital mortality and MACE after subsequent CABG.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Castini ◽  
Simone Persampieri ◽  
Sara Cazzaniga ◽  
Giulia Ferrante ◽  
Marco Centola ◽  
...  

Background: With this study, we sought to identify patient characteristics associated with clopidogrel prescription and its relationship with in-hospital adverse events in an unselected cohort of ACSs patients. Materials and Methods: We studied all consecutive patients admitted at our institution for ACSs from 2012 to 2014. Patients were divided into two groups based on clopidogrel or novel P2Y12 inhibitors (prasugrel or ticagrelor) prescription and the relationship between clopidogrel use and patient clinical characteristics and in-hospital adverse events was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Results: The population median age was 68 years (57–77 year) and clopidogrel was prescribed in 230 patients (46%). Patients characteristics associated with clopidogrel prescription were older age, female sex, non-ST-elevation ACS diagnosis, the presence of diabetes mellitus and anemia, worse renal and left ventricular functions and a higher Killip class. Patients on clopidogrel demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of in-hospital mortality (4.8%) than prasugrel and ticagrelor-treated patients (0.4%), while a nonstatistically significant trend emerged considering bleeding events. However, on multivariable logistic regression analysis female sex, the presence of anemia and Killip class were the only variables independently associated with in-hospital death. Conclusion: Patients treated with clopidogrel showed a higher in-hospital mortality. However, clinical variables associated with its use identify a population at high risk for adverse events and this seems to play a major role for the higher in-hospital mortality observed in clopidogrel-treated patients.


2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. 1014-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. BAKER ◽  
B. COHEN ◽  
J. LIU ◽  
E. LARSON

SUMMARYThis study aims to describe changes in incidence and risk factors for community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections upon admission to two New York City hospitals from 2006 to 2012. We examined the first hospitalization for adult patients using electronic health record and administrative data and determined the annual incidence/1000 admissions of total S. aureus, total MRSA, and CA-MRSA (within 48 h of admission) in clinical specimens over the study period. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with CA-MRSA in 2006 and 2012. In 137 350 admissions, the incidence of S. aureus, MRSA, and CA-MRSA/1000 admissions were 15·6, 7·0, and 3·5, respectively. The total S. aureus and MRSA isolations decreased significantly over the study period (27% and 25%, respectively) while CA-MRSA incidence was unchanged. CA-MRSA increased as a proportion of all MRSA between 2006 (46%) and 2012 (62%), and was most frequently isolated from respiratory (1·5/1000) and blood (0·7/1000) cultures. Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with isolation of CA-MRSA showed that age ⩾65 years [odds ratio (OR) 2·3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·2–4·5], male gender (OR 1·8, 95% CI 1·2–2·8) and history of renal failure (OR 2·6, 95% CI 1·6–4·2) were significant predictors of infection in 2006. No predictors were identified in 2012.


2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Marko ◽  
Julia Hajjar ◽  
Vanessa Nzeribe ◽  
Michelle Pittman ◽  
Vincent Deslandes ◽  
...  

Background: Vancomycin remains widely used for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections; however, treatment failure rates up to 50% have been reported. At the authors’ institution, monitoring of trough concentration is the standard of care for therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin. New guidelines support use of the ratio of 24-hour area under the concentration–time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC24/MIC) as the pharmacodynamic index most likely to predict outcomes in patients with MRSA-associated infections.Objectives: To determine the discordance rate between trough levels and AUC24/MIC values and how treatment failure and nephrotoxicity outcomes compare between those achieving and not achieving their pharmacodynamic targets. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involved patients with MRSA bacteremia or pneumonia admitted to the study hospital between March 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018, and treated with vancomycin. Data for trough concentrations were collected, and minimum concentrations (Cmin) were extrapolated. The AUC24/MIC values were determined using validated population pharmacokinetic models. The Cmin and AUC24/MIC values were characterized as below, within, or above pharmacodynamic targets (15–20 mg/L and 400–600, respectively). Discordance was defined as any instance where a patient’s paired Cmin and AUC24/MIC values fell in different ranges (i.e., below, within, or above) relative to the target ranges. Predictors of treatment failure and nephrotoxicity were determined using logistic regression. Results: A total of 128 patients were included in the analyses. Of these, 73 (57%) received an initial vancomycin dose less than 15 mg/kg. The discordance rate between Cmin and AUC24/MIC values was 21% (27/128). Rates of treatment failure and nephrotoxicity were 34% (43/128) and 18% (23/128), respectively. No clinical variables were found to predict discordance. Logistic regression identified initiation of vancomycin after a positive culture result (odds ratio [OR] 4.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36–14.3) and achievement of target AUC24/MIC after 4 days (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.39–8.70) as modifiable predictors of treatment failure. Conclusions: The relationship between vancomycin monitoring and outcome is likely confounded by inadequate empiric or initial dosing. Before any modification of practice with respect to vancomycin monitoring, empiric vancomycin dosing should be optimized.  RÉSUMÉ Contexte : La vancomycine reste largement utilisée contre les infections dues au Staphylococcus aureus méthicillinorésistant (SAMR); cependant, on rapporte des taux d’échec de traitement allant jusqu’à 50 %. Dans l’institution où travaillent les auteurs, la surveillance de la concentration minimale constitue la norme de soins du suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique de la vancomycine. De nouvelles lignes directrices soutiennent l’utilisation du ratio de 24 h de l’aire sous la courbe de concentration-temps à concentration minimale inhibitrice (AUC24/MIC) en tant qu’indice pharmacodynamique, vraisemblablement pour prédire certains résultats concernant les patients présentant des infections associées au SAMR. Objectifs : Déterminer le taux de discordance entre la concentration minimale et les valeurs de l’AUC24/MIC et la manière dont les échecs de traitement et les résultats de néphrotoxicité se comparent entre les personnes atteignant leurs cibles pharmacodynamiques et celles qui ne l’atteignent pas. Méthodes : Cette étude de cohorte rétrospective impliquait des patients atteints d’une bactériémie au SAMR ou d’une pneumonie au SAMR, admis à l’hôpital où se déroulait l’étude entre le 1er mars 2014 et le 31 décembre 2018 et traités à l’aide de vancomycine. Les données relatives aux concentrations minimales ont été recueillies, et les concentrations minimales (Cmin) extrapolées. Les valeurs de l’AUC24/MIC ont été déterminées à l’aide de modèles de population pharmacocinétiques validés. La caractérisation des valeurs de la Cmin et des valeurs de l’AUC24/MIC se décrit comme suit : « en dessous », « à l’intérieur » ou « au-dessus » des cibles pharmacodynamiques (respectivement 15-20 mg/L et 400-600). La discordance était définie comme une situation où les valeurs associées de la Cmin et de l’AUC24/MIC tombaient dans des plages différentes (c.-à-d., en dessous, à l’intérieur ou au-dessus) par rapport aux plages cibles. Une régression logistique a permis de déterminer les prédicteurs d’échecs de traitement et de néphrotoxicité. Résultats : Au total, 128 patients ont été inclus dans les analyses. De ceux-ci, 73 (57 %) ont reçu une dose initiale de vancomycine de moins de 15 mg/kg. Le taux de discordance entre les valeurs de la Cmin et de l’AUC24/MIC était de 21 % (27/128). Les taux d’échec de traitement et de néphrotoxicité se montaient respectivement à 34 % (43/128) et 18 % (23/128). Aucune variable clinique n’a pu prédire la discordance. La régression logistique a permis de déterminer le début de l’administration de la vancomycine après un résultat de culture positif (rapport de cotes [RC] 4,41, 95 % intervalle de confiance [IC] 1,36–14,3) et l’atteinte de la cible de l’AUC24/MIC après quatre jours (RC 3,48, 95 % IC 1,39-8,70) en tant que prédicteurs modifiables de l’échec du traitement. Conclusions : Il existe probablement une confusion relative à la relation entre la surveillance de la vancomycine et le résultat à cause d’un dosage empirique ou initial inadéquat. Avant de modifier la pratique relative à la surveillance de la vancomycine, le pharmacien doit optimiser son dosage empirique.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248810
Author(s):  
Il-Jae Wang ◽  
Byung-Kwan Bae ◽  
Young Mo Cho ◽  
Suck Ju Cho ◽  
Seok-Ran Yeom ◽  
...  

Background The effect of alcohol on the outcome and fibrinolysis phenotype in trauma patients remains unclear. Hence, we performed this study to determine whether alcohol is a risk factor for mortality and fibrinolysis shutdown in trauma patients. Materials and methods A total of 686 patients who presented to our trauma center and underwent rotational thromboelastometry were included in the study. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether alcohol was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality and fibrinolysis shutdown. Results The rate of in-hospital mortality was 13.8% and blood alcohol was detected in 27.7% of the patients among our study population. The patients in the alcohol-positive group had higher mortality rate, higher clotting time, and lower maximum lysis, more fibrinolysis shutdown, and hyperfibrinolysis than those in the alcohol-negative group. In logistic regression analysis, blood alcohol was independently associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.578; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.550–4.288) and fibrinolysis shutdown (OR 1.883 [95% CI, 1.286–2.758]). Within the fibrinolysis shutdown group, blood alcohol was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 2.168 [95% CI, 1.030–4.562]). Conclusions Alcohol is an independent risk factor for mortality and fibrinolysis shutdown in trauma patients. Further, alcohol is an independent risk factor for mortality among patients who experienced fibrinolysis shutdown.


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