A Digitally Controlled DC-DC Converter Module with a Segmented Output Stage for Optimized Efficiency

Author(s):  
O. Trescases ◽  
Wai Tung Ng ◽  
H. Nishio ◽  
M. Edo ◽  
T. Kawashima
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhou ◽  
Youzhou Yang ◽  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
Qingyang Wu ◽  
Zhuozhi Gu ◽  
...  

AbstractIn vivo bioprinting has recently emerged as a direct fabrication technique to create artificial tissues and medical devices on target sites within the body, enabling advanced clinical strategies. However, existing in vivo bioprinting methods are often limited to applications near the skin or require open surgery for printing on internal organs. Here, we report a ferromagnetic soft catheter robot (FSCR) system capable of in situ computer-controlled bioprinting in a minimally invasive manner based on magnetic actuation. The FSCR is designed by dispersing ferromagnetic particles in a fiber-reinforced polymer matrix. This design results in stable ink extrusion and allows for printing various materials with different rheological properties and functionalities. A superimposed magnetic field drives the FSCR to achieve digitally controlled printing with high accuracy. We demonstrate printing multiple patterns on planar surfaces, and considering the non-planar surface of natural organs, we then develop an in situ printing strategy for curved surfaces and demonstrate minimally invasive in vivo bioprinting of hydrogels in a rat model. Our catheter robot will permit intelligent and minimally invasive bio-fabrication.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1381
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kołodziejski ◽  
Stanisław Kuta ◽  
Jacek Jasielski

This paper presents new architectures and implementations of original open-loop Class-BD audio amplifiers with balanced Common-Mode output. The output stage of each proposed amplifier includes the typical H-bridge with four MOSFETs and four additional MOSFET switches that balance and keep the Common-Mode output constant. The presented amplifiers employ the extended NBDD PWM or PSC PWM modulation scheme. When the output stage is built only on NMOSFET transistors, gate drivers require a floating power supply, using a self-boost charge pump with capacitive isolation of the control signal. The use of complementary MOSFETs in the output stage greatly simplifies gate control systems. The proposed amplifiers were compared to the typical Class-BD configuration, using the optimal NBDD modulation with respect to audio performance of the Differential-Mode (DM) and Common-Mode (CM) outputs. Basic SPICE simulations and experimental studies have shown that the proposed Class-BD amplifiers have similar audio performance to the prototype with the optimal NBDD modulation scheme, while at the same time having a balanced constant voltage CM output, thus eliminating the main contributor to radiation emission. As a result, the filtering of the DM output signals can be greatly simplified, while the filtering of the CM output signals can be theoretically eliminated. Practically, due to the timing errors added by the gate drivers, spikes are generated at the CM output, which are very easy to filter out by the reduced LC output filter, even at very low L.


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