The Injurious Effects of Freely Transported Objects on a Crew in Military Vehicles during Traffic Acidents

In any economy there is a need for the bulky goods transportation which cannot be divided into smaller parts. Such cargoes include building structures, elements of industrial equipment, tracked or wheeled construction and agricultural machinery, heavy armored military vehicles. In any case, tractor-semitrailer should provide fast delivery of goods with minimal fuel consumption. In order to guarantee the goods delivery, tractor-semitrailers must be able to overcome the existing roads broken grade and be capable to tow a semi-trailer in off-road conditions. These properties are especially important for military equipment transportation. The important factor that determines a tractor-semitrailer mobility is its gradeability. The purpose of this work is to improve a tractor-semitrailer mobility with tractor units manufactured at PJSC “AutoKrAZ” by increasing the tractor-semitrailer gradeability. The customer requirements for a new tractor are determined by the maximizing the grade to 18°. The analysis of the characteristics of modern tractor-semitrailers for heavy haulage has shown that the highest rate of this grade is 16.7°. The factors determining the limiting gradeability value were analyzed, based on the tractor-semitrailer with a KrAZ-6510TE tractor and a semi-trailer with a full weight of 80 t. It has been developed a mathematical model to investigate the tractor and semi-trailer axles vertical reactions distribution on the tractor-semitrailer friction performances. The mathematical model has allowed to calculate the gradeability value that the tractor-semitrailer can overcome in case of wheels and road surface friction value and the tractive force magnitude from the engine. The mathematical model adequacy was confirmed by comparing the calculations results with the data of factory tests. The analysis showed that on a dry road the KrAZ-6510TE tractor with a 80 t gross weight semitrailer is capable to climb a gradient of 14,35 ° with its coupling mass full use condition. The engine's maximum torque allows the tractor-semitrailer to overcome a gradient of 10.45° It has been determined the ways to improve the design of the KrAZ-6510TE tractor to increase its gradeability. Keywords: tractor, tractor-semitrailer vehicle mobility, tractor-semitrailer vehicle gradeability.

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ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS ON GERMINATION OF RAPHANUS SATIVA SEEDS

Scholarly Research Journal for Humanity Science & English Language ◽

10.21922/srjhsel.v6i26.11392 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (26) ◽

Author(s):

Jitendra Rajpoot

Keyword(s):

Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽

Allelopathic Effects ◽

The One ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

Injurious Effects

The term ‘allelopathy’ was coined to describe the effect of the one plant on neighbouring plants. The word Allelopathy has been derived from two Greek words Allelon meaning ‘each other’ and Pathos meaning ‘to suffer’ i.e. the injurious effects of one plant upon another However, Molisch (1937) coined this term which refers to all biochemical interactions (stimulatory and inhibitory) among plants, including micro-organisms

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Impact of climatic conditions on the parameters of failure flow of military vehicles

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1177/09544070211020228 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440702110202

Author(s):

Nikolaj Dobrzinskij ◽

Algimantas Fedaravicius ◽

Kestutis Pilkauskas ◽

Egidijus Slizys

Keyword(s):

Climatic Factors ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Technical Equipment ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Military Vehicles ◽

Equipment Reliability ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

The Impact

Relevance of the article is based on participation of armed forces in various operations and exercises, where reliability of machinery is one of the most important factors. Transportation of soldiers as well as completion of variety of tasks is ensured by properly functioning technical equipment. Reliability of military vehicles – armoured SISU E13TP Finnish built and HMMWV M1025 USA built were selected as the object of the article. Impact of climatic conditions on reliability of the vehicles exploited in southwestern part of the Atlantic continental forest area is researched by a case study of the vehicles exploitation under conditions of the climate of Lithuania. Reliability of military vehicles depends on a number of factors such as properties of the vehicles and external conditions of their operation. Their systems and mechanisms are influenced by a number of factors that cause different failures. Climatic conditions represent one of the factors of operating load which is directly dependent on the climate zone. Therefore, assessment of the reliability is started with the analysis of climatic factors affecting operating conditions of the vehicles. Relationship between the impact of climatic factors and failure flow of the vehicles is presented and discussed.

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Influence of the Insecticide Diflubenzuron (Dimilin) on the Growth of Marine Diatoms and a Harpacticoid Copepod in Culture

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f85-158 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 1272-1277 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N. J. Antia ◽

P. J. Harrison ◽

D. S. Sullivan ◽

T. Bisalputra

Keyword(s):

Skeletonema Costatum ◽

Harpacticoid Copepod ◽

Adult Survival ◽

Thalassiosira Weissflogii ◽

Marine Diatoms ◽

Tigriopus Californicus ◽

Per Se ◽

Juvenile Development ◽

Cyclotella Cryptica ◽

Injurious Effects

Diflubenzuron (Dimilin) was tested, in the concentration range 0.1–5000 μg∙L−1, for possible injurious effects on the growth and photosynthesis of three chitin-producing (Thalassiosira weissflogii, T. norden-skioldii, Cyclotella cryptica) and one nonchitinaceous (Skeletonema costatum) diatoms. For comparison, the effects of the pesticide were also examined on adult survival and juvenile development of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus. While the development of the copepod was hindered at concentrations of the order of 1–10 μg∙L−1, the diatoms were barely affected by Dimilin even at the highest concentration tested (5 mg∙L−1). We conclude that Dimilin acts specifically on insects and crustaceans as a larvicide by interfering with chitin deposition into cuticles during juvenile development through ecdysis. The lack of effect from Dimilin on the chitin-producing diatoms has suggested that the insecticide may not inhibit chitin biosynthesis per se as was previously believed, but that it presumably deregulates one or more of the larval postsynthetic processes responsible for chitin integration into cuticles.

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Improving Turret Control on Military Vehicles

Volume 10: Mechanical Systems and Control, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/imece2009-11821 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas W. Anderson ◽

Nathaniel A. Clark ◽

Wesley E. Kotz ◽

Briana D. Stremick ◽

O¨zer Arnas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hall Effect ◽

Output Voltage ◽

Magnetic Force ◽

Electric Signal ◽

Similar Response ◽

Hall Effect Sensor ◽

Military Vehicles ◽

Tactical Vehicle ◽

The Magnetic Field ◽

Mechanical Assistance

Recent additions of armor have made light tactical vehicle turrets heavy enough that mechanical assistance is required for them to rotate. The Army’s solution is the Battery Powered Motorized Traversing Unit (BPMTU) which uses a joystick to traverse the turret. Use of the joystick distracts the gunner and prevents the gunner from continuously engaging the target while rotating the turret. This paper presents a modification to the weapon mount that allows the turret to be controlled by the position of the weapon itself and emphasizes the design process used to develop the inovation. With this design, the gunner can now maintain contact with a target, while rotating the turret, without fiddling with the joystick. The Weapon Activated and Controlled Turret (WACT) consists of two primary components; the bottom component is stationary relative to the turret and contains a Hall effect sensor and the top component rotates with the weapon and holds a linear magnet. As the position of the sensor relative to the magnet changes, the corresponding strength of the magnetic field also varies. This change in magnetic force induces a similar response in the output voltage of the Hall effect sensor, effectively translating rotational motion into an electric signal able to control the turret motor.

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Injurious effects of wool and grain dusts on alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages in vitro.

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oem.48.3.196 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 196-202

Author(s):

D M Brown ◽

K Donaldson

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽

Alveolar Epithelial ◽

Injurious Effects

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Dynamic Federal Collaborative Development Method for Heavy Military Vehicles

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.1504 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 548-549 ◽

pp. 1504-1509 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jun Ji ◽

Wei Yan Chai ◽

Gan Xin Xue ◽

Ge Yang Li

Keyword(s):

Development Environment ◽

Collaborative Development ◽

Development Method ◽

Development Platform ◽

Military Vehicles ◽

Collaborative Environment ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

Technical Architecture ◽

Business Function ◽

Cross System

According to the business characteristics and technical requirements of heavy military vehicles digital collaborative development, the paper proposes the dynamic federal collaborative development method for heavy military vehicles. To realize the method, the key is constructing the three-tier dynamic federal collaborative development environment. So the paper focuses on the research of the business, function and technical architecture of dynamic federal collaborative development environment. Applying the Web Service-Based cross-system collaborative flow controlling method and developing the integrated middleware, the three-tier federal collaborative environment realizes tightly integration. Finally, the application demonstration of a type-product inter-enterprise collaborative development based on the developed digital collaborative development platform verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.

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