Characterization of Driving Behaviors Based on Field Observation of Intersection Left-Turn Across-Path Scenarios

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yao Chan
Keyword(s):  
Field Observation ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Driving Behaviors

scholarly journals The Relationship between in-Vehicle Technologies and Self-Regulation among Older Drivers

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Austin M. Svancara ◽  
Leon Villavicencio ◽  
Tara Kelley-Baker ◽  
William J. Horrey ◽  
Lisa J. Molnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Regulatory Behavior ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

The study sought to understand the relationship between in-vehicle technologies (IVTs) and self-regulatory behaviors among older drivers. In a large multi-site study of 2990 older drivers, self-reported data on the presence of IVTs and avoidance of various driving behaviors (talking on a mobile phone while driving, driving at night, driving in bad weather, and making left turns when there is no left turn arrow) were recorded. Self-reports were used to identify whether avoidance was due to self-regulation. Hierarchical logistic regressions were used to determine whether the presence of a particular IVT predicted the likelihood of a given self-regulatory behavior after controlling for other factors. Results suggest that the presence of Integrated Bluetooth/Voice Control systems are related to a reduced likelihood of avoiding talking on a mobile phone while driving due to self-regulation (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.29–0.47). The presence of a Navigation Assistance system was related to a reduced likelihood of avoiding talking on a mobile phone while driving (OR= 0.65, 95% CI = 0.50–0.84) and avoiding driving at night due to self-regulation (OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.64–1.00). Present findings suggest in-vehicle technologies may differently influence the self-regulatory behaviors of older drivers.

Research on the Length of Left-Turn Lane by Field Observation

ICCTP 2010 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqi Liu ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Tao Shen ◽  
Weihan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Field Observation ◽  
Left Turn

Risktaking and Driver Behaviors: A Laboratory Study

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 923-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol F. Shoptaugh
Keyword(s):  
Video Tape ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Risk Choice ◽  
Risky Driving Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simulated Driving Task

A number of variables have been implicated as predictors of actual risky driving behaviors. However, due to differing methodologies, the literature shows few consistent findings. The current study is an attempt to establish a more complete understanding of the relationship between risk related characteristics and actual risktaking decisions. It was predicted that individuals who had a greater propensity for taking risks would also be more prone to making risky decisions in a simulated driving task. Sixty subjects (30 male, 30 female) were selected based on their Kogan and Wallach Choice Dilemma risktaking scores (15 high and 15 low risktakers in each gender group). Subjects participated in two 1 1/2 hour experimental sessions. Session one was a video tape risk choice session and session two, a battery of demographic, driving and risktaking characteristic questionnaires were given. The most significant finding in this study involved the misuse of speed and distance in making turn decisions. All subjects adopted a safer criterion than the normative model for left turn gap distances, but for right turn merging gaps high risktaking subjects perceived significantly more gaps as safe than did low risktaking subjects. Further, as speed increased from 30mph to 55mph all subjects believed more gaps to be safe for right turn merging. This miscalculation could result in a rear end accident. Most demographic, driver and risktaking measures failed to correlated significantly with risky decision making. Only the Choice Dilemma and the Pelz-Schuman Impulsivity questionnaire correlated with each other and the risky driver decisions.

scholarly journals Distraction “Hangover”: Characterization of the Delayed Return to Baseline Driving Risk After Distracting Behaviors

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110122
Author(s):  
Joseph Snider ◽  
Ryan J. Spence ◽  
Anne-Marie Engler ◽  
Ryan Moran ◽  
Sarah Hacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correct Identification ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Peripheral Cues ◽  
Driving Risk ◽  
Driving Scenario ◽  
Smartphone Use ◽  
Cognitive Cost

Objective We measured how long distraction by a smartphone affects simulated driving behaviors after the tasks are completed (i.e., the distraction hangover). Background Most drivers know that smartphones distract. Trying to limit distraction, drivers can use hands-free devices, where they only briefly glance at the smartphone. However, the cognitive cost of switching tasks from driving to communicating and back to driving adds an underappreciated, potentially long period to the total distraction time. Method Ninety-seven 21- to 78-year-old individuals who self-identified as active drivers and smartphone users engaged in a simulated driving scenario that included smartphone distractions. Peripheral-cue and car-following tasks were used to assess driving behavior, along with synchronized eye tracking. Results The participants’ lateral speed was larger than baseline for 15 s after the end of a voice distraction and for up to 25 s after a text distraction. Correct identification of peripheral cues dropped about 5% per decade of age, and participants from the 71+ age group missed seeing about 50% of peripheral cues within 4 s of the distraction. During distraction, coherence with the lead car in a following task dropped from 0.54 to 0.045, and seven participants rear-ended the lead car. Breadth of scanning contracted by 50% after distraction. Conclusion Simulated driving performance drops dramatically after smartphone distraction for all ages and for both voice and texting. Application Public education should include the dangers of any smartphone use during driving, including hands-free.

Deceleration Length of Left-Turn Lane of Four-Lane Highway by Field Observation

ICTE 2011 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongqi Liu ◽  
Cao Yi ◽  
Weihan Zhang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
Taos Shen
Keyword(s):  
Field Observation ◽  
Left Turn

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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