A 5-GHz CMOS Type-II PLL With Low $K_{\rm VCO}$ and Extended Fine-Tuning Range

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1978-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Bruss ◽  
R.R. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Range ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
5 Ghz

scholarly journals Design of Gigahertz Tuning Range 5 GHz LC Digitally Controlled Oscillator in 0.18 μm CMOS

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijan Jurgo ◽  
Romualdas Navickas
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Range ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Frequency Divider ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Switched Capacitor ◽  
Digitally Controlled ◽  
Digitally Controlled Oscillator ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
Capacitor Arrays

Abstract In this paper design and simulation of a 4.3 - 5.4 GHz LC digitally controlled oscillator (LC DCO) in IBM 7RF 0.18 μm CMOS technology are presented. Wide gigahertz tuning range is achieved by using two LC DCOs, sharing same structure. DCO is made of one NMOS negative impedance transistor pair and LC tank, which consists of high quality inductor and two switched capacitor arrays for coarse and fine frequency tuning. Coarse and fine tuning switched capacitor arrays are controlled using 6-bit and 3-bit binary words. To increase available frequency values, frequency divider is used. Structure of frequency divider is based on extended-true-single-phase-clock flip-flops. Divider is made of eight divide-by-2 cells connected in daisy chain, thus division values from 2 to 256 are available. Wide tuning range and high division values allows using such DCO with frequency divider in multi-standart transceivers. Whole device is supplied from a single 1.8 V voltage source. At highest frequency proposed device draws 90 mA current including all buffers. Phase noise is −116.4 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 5.44 GHz carrier. Designed dual DCO and frequency divider occupies about 0.4mm×0.5mm of chip space and whole chip, including pads, occupies 1.5mm × 1.5mm area of silicon.

MEMS-based LC tank with extended tuning range for low phase-noise VCO

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cazzorla ◽  
Paola Farinelli ◽  
Laura Urbani ◽  
Fabrizio Cacciamani ◽  
Luca Pelliccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Noise ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Ohmic Contacts ◽  
Tuning Range ◽  
Design System ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Continuous Tuning ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
Lc Tank ◽  
Low Phase Noise

This paper presents the modeling, manufacturing, and testing of a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS)-based LC tank resonator suitable for low phase-noise voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs). The device is based on a variable MEMS varactor in series with an inductive coplanar waveguide line. Two additional parallel stubs controlled by two ohmic MEMS switches have been introduced in order to increase the resonator tunability. The device was fabricated using the FBK-irst MEMS process on high resistivity (HR) silicon substrate. Samples were manufactured with and without a 0-level quartz cap. The radio frequency characterization of the devices without 0-level cap has shown a continuous tuning range of 11.7% and a quality factor in the range of 33–38. The repeatability was also tested on four samples and the continuous tuning is 11.7 ± 2%. Experimental results on the device with a 0-level cap, show a frequency downshift of about 200 MHz and a degradation of the quality factor of about 20%. This is, most likely, due to the polymeric sealing ring as well as to a contamination of the ohmic contacts introduced by the capping procedure. A preliminary design of a MEMS-based VCO was performed using Advanced Design System and a hardwired prototype was fabricated on Surface Mount Technology on RO4350 laminate. The prototype was tested resulting in a resonance frequency of 5 GHz with a phase noise of −105 and −126 dBc at 100 KHz and 1 MHz, respectively, and a measured output power of −1 dBm.

External Cavity Mid-Infrared Semiconductor Lasers

1999 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Q. Le ◽  
C.-H. Lin ◽  
S. J. Murry ◽  
J. Zheng ◽  
S.-S. Pei
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Lasers ◽  
Tuning Range ◽  
External Cavity ◽  
Wavelength Tuning ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Center Wavelength ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Efficiency Optimization ◽  
Ir Laser ◽  
Higher Temperature

AbstractSb mid-IR laser can be used in external configuration to achieve wide wavelength tuning range. At low temperature, gain media with band-edge wavelengths between 3.3 to 4 pm have been demonstrated with wavelength tuning up to ∼9% of the center wavelength. Power output from few tens of mW to 0.2-W peak, 20-mW average was achieved. Type-II Sb laser promises the possibility of such performance at higher temperature, e. g. 200 K. However, significant trade-off must be considered between tuning range and power and efficiency. Optimization requires consideration of both basic wafer design and cavity geometry.

A 5-GHZ Low-Power Series-Coupled BiCMOS Quadrature VCO With Wide Tuning Range

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasanth Kakani ◽  
Fa Foster Dai ◽  
Richard C. Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Power Series ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Tuning Range ◽  
Wide Tuning Range ◽  
Quadrature Vco ◽  
5 Ghz

A 0.4–3-GHz nested bandpass filter and a 1.1–1.7-GHz balun bandpass filter using tunable band-switching technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi Motoi ◽  
Naoki Oshima ◽  
Masaki Kitsunezuka ◽  
Kazuaki Kunihiro
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Filter Bank ◽  
Tuning Range ◽  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Rf Mems ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Rf Switches ◽  
Tunable Capacitors ◽  
Continuous Tuning ◽  
Bank Structure

This paper presents a second-order tunable single-ended (unbalanced) bandpass filter (BPF) with continuous 0.4–3-GHz coverage and a tunable balun BPF with continuous 1.1–1.7-GHz coverage for software-defined radio transceivers with the use of band-switchable and radio frequency (RF)-micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS)-tuned resonators. The BPFs are realized with two pairs of RF switches for coarse-tuning and RF-MEMS-tunable capacitors for fine-tuning. On the one hand, for the tunable single-ended BPF, a transition between three bands is enabled using two pairs of RF switches. On the other hand, for the tunable balun BPF, a transition between two bands is enabled using one pair of RF switches. Furthermore, the three-band switchable single-ended BPF is constructed in a nested two-filter bank structure for expanding the tuning range without increasing the footprint. In addition, to complement the discrete band gaps, RF-MEMS capacitor-tuned resonators are used, and a continuous tuning range of nearly the entire ultra-high-frequency band is achieved. The filter bank is fabricated on a Duroid substrate with εr = 3.5 and h = 0.787 mm. The filter bank has an insertion loss of 3.2–6.8 dB and a 1-dB bandwidth of 65–450 MHz with a continuous tuning range of 0.4–3 GHz.

scholarly journals Piezo drive tunable optic filter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Tuning Range ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Compensation Design

Tunable fiber optic filter has extensive applications in telecommunications, spectroscopy, and fiber optic sensing. Many research attempts have been devoted to develop a filter with a wide tuning range, a fast tuning speed, a fine tuning resolution, and high reliability. Despite of the progress made so far, a tunable fiber optic filter that combines all these qualities is still a subject of intensive research. This thesis describes the design, fabrication and test results of a high performance tunable fiber optic filter. The filter is piezo-driven using a flexural hinge structure for displacement magnification and an axial strain of a fiber Bragg grating. Finite element analysis was used to design the mechanical structure to achieve the required displacement magnification and reaction force for grating compression. A passive thermal compensation design was implemented with two spacers of different coefficients of thermal expansion to compensate the thermal-induced wavelength drift. A feedback control system with a linear variable differential transformer was employed to control the displacement and to achieve the designed tuning accuracy. A tuning range of 13.7 nm, a maximum closed loop switching time of 17.3 ms, and a wavelength drift of 1.4 pm/C were achieved. The flexural-hinge structure, that offers noise-free motion, no need of lubricants and no wear, ensures its long-term reliability.

scholarly journals Piezo drive tunable optic filter

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Tuning Range ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Compensation Design

Tunable fiber optic filter has extensive applications in telecommunications, spectroscopy, and fiber optic sensing. Many research attempts have been devoted to develop a filter with a wide tuning range, a fast tuning speed, a fine tuning resolution, and high reliability. Despite of the progress made so far, a tunable fiber optic filter that combines all these qualities is still a subject of intensive research. This thesis describes the design, fabrication and test results of a high performance tunable fiber optic filter. The filter is piezo-driven using a flexural hinge structure for displacement magnification and an axial strain of a fiber Bragg grating. Finite element analysis was used to design the mechanical structure to achieve the required displacement magnification and reaction force for grating compression. A passive thermal compensation design was implemented with two spacers of different coefficients of thermal expansion to compensate the thermal-induced wavelength drift. A feedback control system with a linear variable differential transformer was employed to control the displacement and to achieve the designed tuning accuracy. A tuning range of 13.7 nm, a maximum closed loop switching time of 17.3 ms, and a wavelength drift of 1.4 pm/C were achieved. The flexural-hinge structure, that offers noise-free motion, no need of lubricants and no wear, ensures its long-term reliability.

scholarly journals Electronic controlled CMOS inductor with patterned metal ground shields for fine inductance tuning application

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Syahadah Yusof ◽  
Norlaili Mohd Noh ◽  
Jagadheswaran Rajendran ◽  
Asrulnizam Abd Manaf ◽  
Shukri Korakkottil Kunhi Mohd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Tuning Range ◽  
Electronic Circuit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Physical Shape ◽  
Ground Shield

This paper is on an inductance fine tuning technique which benefits from the idea of varying the number of metal plates of an inductor’s pattern ground shield (PGS) shorted to ground to change its magnetic fields. This technique is unique because the geometry and physical shape of the inductor remains untouched from its form in the process design kit (PDK) while the inductance is being tuned. The number of metal shields shorted to ground was controlled by an electronic circuit which consists of analog-to-digital converters and active switches. Both Sonnet EM simulator and Cadence Virtuoso were used for the inductor and circuit simulations. From the simulation, it was found that the inductance increased while the Q-factor decreased as more metal shields were shorted to ground. For instance, at 1.6 GHz, the simulated inductance was 8.8 nH when all metals were floated and 9.4 nH when all metals were shorted to ground. On the other hand, the simulated Q-factor was 10.4 when all metals were floated and 9.8 when all metals were shorted to ground. From both simulation and measured results, both inductance and inductance tuning range increased with frequency. From the measured results too, the inductance observed was 9.4 nH at 1.6 GHz, 10.8 nH at 2 GHz, and 13.5 nH at 2.5 GHz when all the metal shields were shorted to ground. The inductance tuning range was 6.2% at 1.6 GHz, 12.5% at 2 GHz, and 20% at 2.5 GHz. The measured results showed good correlation with the simulated results trend, but with smaller value of inductance, inductance tuning range and Q-factor.

scholarly journals A Wide Tuning-Range CMOS VCO with a Tunable Active Inductor

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsuan-Ling Kao ◽  
Ping-Che Lee ◽  
Hsien-Chin Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Tuning Range ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Active Inductor ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Wide Tuning Range ◽  
Output Frequency

This study describes a wide tuning-range VCO using tunable active inductor (TAI) topology and cross-coupled pair configuration for radio frequency operation. The TAI used two feedback loops to form a cascode circuit to obtain more degrees of freedom for inductance value. The TAI-VCO was fabricated using a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The coarse frequency tuning is achieved by TAIs while the fine tuning is controlled by varactors. The fabricated circuit provides an output frequency range from 0.6 to 7.2 GHz (169%). The measured phase noise is from −110.38 to −86.01 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset and output power is from −11.11 to −3.89 dBm within the entire frequency range under a 1.8 V power supply.

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