Exposing freshman to microelectronics fabrication as part of an innovative materials science course

Investigation of the influence of the peculiarities of raw material composition and structure of traditional and innovative linen textile materials on their hygienic properties. Theoretical and experimental investigations are based on the main positions of textile materials science. In experimental studies, modern standardized methods for determining the hygienic properties of textile materials were used, as well as techniques specially developed taking into account the peculiarities of the operating conditions of underwear. The peculiarities of the operating conditions and the basic functions of hospital underwear were determined. The comparative analysis of hygienic properties of traditional and modern fabrics for underwear was carried out. Using the standardized and the developed methods, adapted to the peculiarities of the conditions of use of the products, the indicators characterizing the processes of water absorption of the materials were experimentally determined. On the basis of the obtained values of quality indicators, a comprehensive assessment of the ability of materials to transfer moisture and air, with the calculation of the arithmetic complex quality index was done. This allowed to determine the material that is optimal in properties, which provides thermophysiological comfort when operating hospital underwear. Using the developed methods, which take into account the specifics of the operating conditions, a comparative analysis of the hygienic properties of traditional and innovative materials for underwear was carried out. A new range of textile materials for underwear has been proposed, taking into account the peculiarities of the operational situation of consumption.

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Promoting the LIST Centre of Excellence in Atomic Layer Deposition

Impact ◽

10.21820/23987073.2021.1.33 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

pp. 33-35

Author(s):

Noureddine Adjeroud

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Atomic Layer Deposition ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Materials Science ◽

Atomic Layer ◽

Civic Life ◽

Layer Deposition ◽

Centre Of Excellence ◽

Materials Research ◽

Innovative Materials

In our globalised economy, different countries need to find different ways to remain competitive in the marketplace. For larger countries, this often means maximising output in a given industry or industries. This is similar for countries that are blessed with copious natural resources. However, for smaller countries, the picture is more complicated. It is often necessary for them to invest in and corner a particular area of expertise or new field of activity. Luxembourg has been developing several technological avenues to help the country remain competitive both in Europe and across the globe. Specifically, they have developed research institutions with the aim of working closely with the needs of the nation, the continent and industrial partners. One such organisation is the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST). The LIST works primarily in three key areas – the environment, information technology and materials science. These fields are interlinked and are three areas of research that are both constantly developing and important to many different industries. Improvements in these disciplines can directly impact manufacturing chain, civic life and citizens. Dr Noureddine Adjeroud is materials scientist and key member of the Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology team under the scope of the Materials Research and Technology Department. He has been instrumental in creating the Atomic Layer Deposition Centre of Excellence (ALD CoEx) within the Department. The aim of the ALD CoEx is to develop innovative materials for a whole range of applications through the Centre's expertise in atomic layer deposition (ALD).

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Current Status and Future Prospects of Applying Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Materials for Stone Artworks Conservation

10.20944/preprints202003.0331.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yijian Cao ◽

Antonella Salvini ◽

Mara Camaiti

Keyword(s):

Liquid Water ◽

Materials Science ◽

Solid Surfaces ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Research ◽

Art Conservation ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Innovative Materials ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Chemical Integrity

The development of innovative materials is one of the most important focuses of research in heritage conservation. Eligible materials can not only protect the physical and chemical integrity of artworks, but also preserve their artistic and aesthetic features. Recently, as one of the hot research topics in materials science, biomimetic superhydrophobic materials have gradually attracted the attention of conservation scientists due to their unique properties. In fact, ultra-repellent materials are particularly suitable for hydrophobization treatments on outdoor artworks. Owing to their excellent hydrophobicity, superhydrophobic materials can effectively prevent the absorption, penetration of liquid water as well as the condensation of water vapor, thus greatly relieving water-induced decay phenomena. Moreover, in presence of liquid water, the superhydrophobic surfaces equipped with self-cleaning property can clean the dirt, dust deposited spontaneously, thereby restoring the artistic features simultaneously. In the present paper, besides the basic principles of wetting on solid surfaces, materials and methods reported for preparing bioinspired ultra-repellent materials, the recently proposed materials for art conservation are also introduced and critically reviewed. Lastly, the current status and the problems encountered in practical application are also pointed out, and the focus of future research is prospected as well.

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Innovative Materials Science via Machine Learning

Advanced Functional Materials ◽

10.1002/adfm.202108044 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2108044

Author(s):

Chaochao Gao ◽

Xin Min ◽

Minghao Fang ◽

Tianyi Tao ◽

Xiaohong Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Materials Science ◽

Innovative Materials

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Current Status and Future Prospects of Applying Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Materials for Conservation of Stone Artworks

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10040353 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 353 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yijian Cao ◽

Antonella Salvini ◽

Mara Camaiti

Keyword(s):

Liquid Water ◽

Materials Science ◽

Solid Surfaces ◽

Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽

Current Status ◽

Future Research ◽

Art Conservation ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Innovative Materials ◽

Physical And Chemical

The development of innovative materials is one of the most important focus areas in heritage conservation research. Eligible materials can not only protect the physical and chemical integrity of artworks but also preserve their artistic and aesthetic features. Recently, as one of the hot research topics in materials science, biomimetic superhydrophobic materials have gradually attracted the attention of conservation scientists due to their unique properties. In fact, ultra-repellent materials are particularly suitable for hydrophobization treatments on outdoor artworks. Owing to their excellent hydrophobicity, superhydrophobic materials can effectively prevent the absorption and penetration of liquid water as well as the condensation of water vapor, thus greatly relieving water-induced decay phenomena. Moreover, in the presence of liquid water, the superhydrophobic surfaces equipped with a self-cleaning property can clean the dirt and dust deposited spontaneously, thereby restoring the artistic features simultaneously. In the present paper, besides the basic principles of wetting on solid surfaces, materials, and methods reported for preparing bioinspired ultra-repellent materials, the recently proposed materials for art conservation are also introduced and critically reviewed, along with a discussion on the droplet impact and durability of the artificial superhydrophobic surfaces. Lastly, the current status and the problems encountered in practical application are also pointed out, and the focus of future research is presented as well.

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From minerals to new materials. Priorities in the production of materials in the 21st century

Vestnik of Geosciences ◽

10.19110/geov.2021.9.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 34-38

Author(s):

A. M. Askhabov ◽

Keyword(s):

Smart Materials ◽

New Technologies ◽

Materials Science ◽

Extreme Conditions ◽

New Materials ◽

Great Leap Forward ◽

New Material ◽

Innovative Materials ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Task Oriented

The characteristic features of the search, production and engineering of new materials in modern conditions are considered. We discuss the change of paradigm in materials production, associated with the transition from experience-based production of materials to the task-oriented production of materials based on knowledge and new technologies. The current agenda of innovative materials science includes “smart” materials and nature-like technologies. Nanotechnology has become a reality, capable of controlling and operating matter and processes on the nanometer scale. The priorities of the new stage of production (creation) materials are indicated. A great leap forward is expected in the following directions: 1) application of new nanotechnological concepts suggesting direct influence and action on separate atoms; 2) creating “smart” materials, materials — devices, materials — machines; 3) discovering, forecasting and design of new material absent in the nature; 4) producing materials under extreme conditions and for extreme conditions; 5) producing bioorganic materials and materials reproducing living matter; 6) developing so-called nature-like technologies.

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Trends in Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100078675 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 228-229

Author(s):

C. Colliex ◽

P. Trebbia

Keyword(s):

Energy Loss ◽

Electron Energy ◽

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽

Materials Science ◽

Analytical Technique ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Quantitative Results ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Electron Energy Loss ◽

Primary Electrons

The physical foundations for the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy towards analytical purposes, seem now rather well established and have been extensively discussed through recent publications. In this brief review we intend only to mention most recent developments in this field, which became available to our knowledge. We derive also some lines of discussion to define more clearly the limits of this analytical technique in materials science problems.The spectral information carried in both low ( 0<ΔE<100eV ) and high ( >100eV ) energy regions of the loss spectrum, is capable to provide quantitative results. Spectrometers have therefore been designed to work with all kinds of electron microscopes and to cover large energy ranges for the detection of inelastically scattered electrons (for instance the L-edge of molybdenum at 2500eV has been measured by van Zuylen with primary electrons of 80 kV). It is rather easy to fix a post-specimen magnetic optics on a STEM, but Crewe has recently underlined that great care should be devoted to optimize the collecting power and the energy resolution of the whole system.

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Electron holography in materials science

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100087665 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 670-671

Author(s):

Hannes Lichte ◽

Edgar Voelkl

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Materials Science ◽

Fourier Spectrum ◽

Object Wave ◽

Electron Holography ◽

Reconstruction Procedure ◽

Numerical Reconstruction ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Unique Interpretation

The object wave o(x,y) = a(x,y)exp(iφ(x,y)) at the exit face of the specimen is described by two real functions, i.e. amplitude a(x,y) and phase φ(x,y). In stead of o(x,y), however, in conventional transmission electron microscopy one records only the real intensity I(x,y) of the image wave b(x,y) loosing the image phase. In addition, referred to the object wave, b(x,y) is heavily distorted by the aberrations of the microscope giving rise to loss of resolution. Dealing with strong objects, a unique interpretation of the micrograph in terms of amplitude and phase of the object is not possible. According to Gabor, holography helps in that it records the image wave completely by both amplitude and phase. Subsequently, by means of a numerical reconstruction procedure, b(x,y) is deconvoluted from aberrations to retrieve o(x,y). Likewise, the Fourier spectrum of the object wave is at hand. Without the restrictions sketched above, the investigation of the object can be performed by different reconstruction procedures on one hologram. The holograms were taken by means of a Philips EM420-FEG with an electron biprism at 100 kV.

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Zero-loss omega-filtered REM and RHEED on the new Zeiss 912

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100087392 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 616-617

Author(s):

J.C.H. Spence ◽

J. Mayer

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Materials Science ◽

Surface States ◽

Ccd Camera ◽

Dark Field ◽

Ion Pump ◽

Magnetic Imaging ◽

Reflection Electron Microscopy ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Large Background

The Zeiss 912 is a new fully digital, side-entry, 120 Kv TEM/STEM instrument for materials science, fitted with an omega magnetic imaging energy filter. Pumping is by turbopump and ion pump. The magnetic imaging filter allows energy-filtered images or diffraction patterns to be recorded without scanning using efficient parallel (area) detection. The energy loss intensity distribution may also be displayed on the screen, and recorded by scanning it over the PMT supplied. If a CCD camera is fitted and suitable new software developed, “parallel ELS” recording results. For large fields of view, filtered images can be recorded much more efficiently than by Scanning Reflection Electron Microscopy, and the large background of inelastic scattering removed. We have therefore evaluated the 912 for REM and RHEED applications. Causes of streaking and resonance in RHEED patterns are being studied, and a more quantitative analysis of CBRED patterns may be possible. Dark field band-gap REM imaging of surface states may also be possible.

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Dynamical Scattering in Crystalline Biological Specimens. I. Criteria of Validity for Scattering Approximations

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011458x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 192-193

Author(s):

Robert M. Glaeser ◽

Bing K. Jap

Keyword(s):

Biological Sciences ◽

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

Born Approximation ◽

Materials Science ◽

Image Data ◽

Dynamical Effect ◽

Crystallographic Structure ◽

Electron Microscope Image

The dynamical scattering effect, which can be described as the failure of the first Born approximation, is perhaps the most important factor that has prevented the widespread use of electron diffraction intensities for crystallographic structure determination. It would seem to be quite certain that dynamical effects will also interfere with structure analysis based upon electron microscope image data, whenever the dynamical effect seriously perturbs the diffracted wave. While it is normally taken for granted that the dynamical effect must be taken into consideration in materials science applications of electron microscopy, very little attention has been given to this problem in the biological sciences.

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