scholarly journals From minerals to new materials. Priorities in the production of materials in the 21st century

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
A. M. Askhabov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Great Leap Forward ◽  
New Material ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Task Oriented

The characteristic features of the search, production and engineering of new materials in modern conditions are considered. We discuss the change of paradigm in materials production, associated with the transition from experience-based production of materials to the task-oriented production of materials based on knowledge and new technologies. The current agenda of innovative materials science includes “smart” materials and nature-like technologies. Nanotechnology has become a reality, capable of controlling and operating matter and processes on the nanometer scale. The priorities of the new stage of production (creation) materials are indicated. A great leap forward is expected in the following directions: 1) application of new nanotechnological concepts suggesting direct influence and action on separate atoms; 2) creating “smart” materials, materials — devices, materials — machines; 3) discovering, forecasting and design of new material absent in the nature; 4) producing materials under extreme conditions and for extreme conditions; 5) producing bioorganic materials and materials reproducing living matter; 6) developing so-called nature-like technologies.

Materials technology: Innovations and progress

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Lucy Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
New Material ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Novel Applications

Materials technology is a constantly evolving discipline, with new materials leading to novel applications. For example, new material properties arise from combining different materials into composites. Researching materials can help solve societal challenges, with the creation of innovative materials resulting in breakthroughs in overcoming hurdles facing humankind, including energy challenges and medical problems. Innovative materials breathe new life into industries and spur on scientific and technological discovery.

Study on the Performance and Process of Materials for Special Gas Cylinder

2012 ◽  
Vol 619 ◽  
pp. 577-583
Author(s):  
Shan Ren ◽  
Chang Chun Yu
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Fire Extinguisher ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Explosion Suppression ◽  
Gas Cylinder ◽  
Ordinary Steel

The explosion suppression fire extinguisher is an important component part of fire extinguishing and explosion suppression system of special equipment. Because of particularity and specificity of the place where it is used, the explosion suppression fire extinguisher’s body itself is commonly called the special gas cylinder. The material for special gas cylinder selected and used in the earliest design is mainly the ordinary steel gas cylinders such as the carbon structural steel gas cylinder. Because of the following characteristics: being rich in their resources, the prices are low and the process is simple, they can meet the requirements for the use in many kinds of places, and up to now, there are still used widely. But with the continuous development of special equipment in the fields of land, seas and oceans, aviation and aerospace and so on, the single material for the ordinary steel gas cylinder is unable to meet the special requirements of some special equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to research and manufacture new materials whose performance is different from the performance of steel gas cylinder and replace steel gas cylinder with the new materials, in order to meet the different demand in every field. With the continuous development of materials science of our country, some new materials and new technologies are researched and applied continuously. To design the rational manufacturing process by analyzing and researching the performance and technology of these new materials can meet the new requirements of new type of special equipment for explosion suppression fire extinguisher and improve the protective ability of special equipment.

The Application Prospects Of Superconducting Materials In Household Products Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 372 ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Shui Sheng Teng ◽  
Jian Jun Pang ◽  
Xiao Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Family Life ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Superconducting Materials ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Household Products ◽  
New Material ◽  
Application Prospects

Superconducting materials are a new kind of high-end technology materials mainly used in the fields of cutting-edge technology and military. However, the superiority of its various aspects is becoming familiar and understood gradually which steps this new material into all areas of the society. In the spirit of "people-oriented" principle, the purpose of every progress in science and technology or in any other field of social development is to accomplish people's all-round development, therefore, new technologies and new materials can always be integrated quickly into our daily life, in which they are improved and developed continuously. Family life is the most important element of people's daily life; therefore, given their superior properties, the wide application of superconducting materials to design household products is an inevitable trend in the future.

The New Materials Science Diffractometer STRESS-SPEC at FRM-II

2006 ◽  
Vol 524-525 ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hofmann ◽  
Günther A. Seidl ◽  
Joana Rebelo-Kornmeier ◽  
Ulf Garbe ◽  
Rainer Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Gauge Volume ◽  
Destructive Analysis ◽  
Non Destructive

In response to the development of new materials and the application of materials and components in new technologies the direct measurement, calculation and evaluation of textures and residual stresses has gained worldwide significance in recent years. Non-destructive analysis for phase specific residual stresses and textures is only possible by means of diffraction methods. In order to cater for the development of these analytical techniques the new Materials Science Diffractometer STRESS-SPEC at FRM-II is designed to be equally applied to texture and residual stress analyses by virtue of its flexible configuration. The system compromises a highly flexible monochromator setup using three different monochromators: Ge (511), bent silicon (400) and pyrolitic graphite (PG). This range of monochromators and the possibility to vary the take-off angles from 2θM = 35º to 110º allows wavelength adjustment such that measurements can be performed around a scattering angle of 2θS ~ 90º. This is important in order to optimise neutron flux and resolution, especially for stress analysis on components, since the gauge volume element in that case is cubic and large vertical divergences due to focusing monochromators do not affect the spatial resolution. The instrument is now available for routine operation and here we will present details of recent experiments and instrument performance.

scholarly journals STRESS-SPEC: Materials science diffractometer

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hofmann ◽  
Weimin Gan ◽  
Joana Rebelo-Kornmeier
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Beam Port ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering

In response to the development of new materials and the application of materials and components in new technologies the direct measurement, calculation and evaluation of textures and residual stresses has gained worldwide significance in recent years. STRESS-SPEC, the materials science diffractometer, which is jointly operated by the Technische Universität München, the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Clausthal and by GEMS, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, is located at the thermal beam port SR-3 of the FRM II and can easily be configured either for texture analysis or strain measurements.

Zeolite as Nanomaterial for Water Treatment in a Production Exploitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Pandová
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
New Material

A new technologies and materials stand at front of thescientific interest. Their development leads to technological potential increasing at various fields of industry.Progressive new materials are based on the development of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials, which have a widerange of the applications in manufacturing, medicine and the environment protection. There sult of the hugeefforts in the development of nanostructured materials, the amount of new material sthat are the building blocks of nanoparticles with defineds tructures and properties. Progress in the use of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials has been noticed in the area of water protection, because they develop a modern, economically viable and environmentally more acceptable sewage processes and materials. At this sphere new zeolite products are developing with modified external surface.

The Application of New Material and New Technology in Car Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Qing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Current Development ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Automotive Design ◽  
Important Development ◽  
New Material

In this article, the important development trend of car design will be discussed. At first, the purposes of the application of new materials and technologies in car design will be stated. Then the new kinds of energy which are applied in the future cars will be explored. The classification of new material and technology will be demonstrated. Furthermore, some examples will be described to show how new materials and new technologies can be used in car design. In additional, it is likely to be that new materials and processes will promote sustainable development of the car design. Based on current development of automotive design, it is necessary to predict some of the new materials and new technology will be applied in future car designs. It seems that new materials and new technologies will bring breakthrough in car design.

Development of 200kV ultrahigh-resolution analytical electron microscope

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 108-109
Author(s):  
T. Kaneyama ◽  
M. Naruse ◽  
Y. Ishida ◽  
M. Kersker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Optical Constants ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Ultrahigh Resolution ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Better Than

In the field of materials science, the importance of the ultrahigh resolution analytical electron microscope (UHRAEM) is increasing. A new UHRAEM which provides a resolution of better than 0.2 nm and allows analysis of a few nm areas has been developed. [Fig. 1 shows the external view] The followings are some characteristic features of the UHRAEM.Objective lens (OL)Two types of OL polepieces (URP for ±10' specimen tilt and ARP for ±30' tilt) have been developed. The optical constants shown in the table on the next page are figures calculated by the finite element method. However, Cs was experimentally confirmed by two methods (namely, Beam Tilt method and Krivanek method) as 0.45 ∼ 0.50 mm for URP and as 0.9 ∼ 1.0 mm for ARP, respectively. Fig. 2 shows an optical diffractogram obtained from a micrograph of amorphous carbon with URP under the Scherzer defocus condition. It demonstrates a resolution of 0.19 nm and a Cs smaller than 0.5 mm.

A glance on rare earth oxides: importance, reserves, demand, applications, critical uncertainties, global economy, and zeta potential characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas Santos ◽  
Orlando Rodrigues ◽  
Letícia Campos
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Oxides ◽  
Interparticle Forces

Background: Innovation mission in materials science requires new approaches to form functional materials, wherein the concept of its formation begins in nano/micro scale. Rare earth oxides with general form (RE2O3; RE from La to Lu, including Sc and Y) exhibit particular proprieties, being used in a vast field of applications with high technological content since agriculture to astronomy. Despite of their applicability, there is a lack of studies on surface chemistry of rare earth oxides. Zeta potential determination provides key parameters to form smart materials by controlling interparticle forces, as well as their evolution during processing. This paper reports a study on zeta potential with emphasis for rare earth oxide nanoparticles. A brief overview on rare earths, as well as zeta potential, including sample preparation, measurement parameters, and the most common mistakes during this evaluation are reported. Methods: A brief overview on rare earths, including zeta potential, and interparticle forces are presented. A practical study on zeta potential of rare earth oxides - RE2O3 (RE as Y, Dy, Tm, Eu, and Ce) in aqueous media is reported. Moreover, sample preparation, measurement parameters, and common mistakes during this evaluation are discussed. Results: Potential zeta values depend on particle characteristics such as size, shape, density, and surface area. Besides, preparation of samples which involves electrolyte concentration and time for homogenization of suspensions are extremely valuable to get suitable results. Conclusion: Zeta potential evaluation provides key parameters to produce smart materials seeing that interparticle forces can be controlled. Even though zeta potential characterization is mature, investigations on rare earth oxides are very scarce. Therefore, this innovative paper is a valuable contribution on this field.

Studying changes in the electrical resistance of carbon-nanotubes-modified elastomers during their compression, stretching and torsion

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
V. S. Yagubov ◽  
A. V. Shchegolkov ◽  
A. V. Shchegolkov ◽  
N. R. Memetov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Elastomer Composites

Developing "smart" materials with improved both structural and functional characteristics is one of the promising areas of materials science. Measuring the electrical resistance of CNTs-modified (various mass contents) polymers and in particular, elastomers during performing several tests (compression, stretching, and torsion) at a constant current is relevant in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, aviation, and space industry. Changes in the elastomer shape under different types of testing lead to the destruction of macromolecules and the structuring of the material as a whole. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of CNTsbased modifying fillers on the elastomer. When compressing, stretching or twisting the nano-modified elastomer, along with the mutual movement of its macromolecular fragments and aggregates, the modifier particles also move, which generally determines the transport of electrons in the resulting structure and affects the physical and mechanical parameters of the composite material. To conduct studies, elastomers containing different amounts of a CNTs-based modifying filler were prepared. To investigate and elucidate relevant dependencies, a measuring system (MS) was constructed, which makes it possible to determine electrical resistance values of the composite material with different CNTs contents in the polymer matrix composition exposed to various mechanical loads. Basing the research results, it was established that the electrical resistance of the elastomer composites modified with 1.0–2.5 wt.% CNTs decreases when compressing from 0 to 100 N, whereas when the compression force ranges from 100 to 350 N, the electrical resistance remains unchanged. When the elastomer composites modified with 2–2.5 wt.% CNTs were stretched by 30–40 %, the electrical resistance was found to increase from 5·103 to 1.9·107 Ω.

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