Phenotype correlations reveal the relationships of physiological systems underlying human ageing

Oxford Cases in Medicine and Surgery, second edition, teaches students a logical step-by-step diagnostic approach to common patient presentations. This approach mirrors that used by successful clinicians on the wards, challenging students with questions at each stage of a case (history-taking, examination, investigation, management). In tackling these questions, students understand how to critically analyse information and learn to integrate their existing knowledge to a real-life scenario from start to finish. Each chapter focuses on a common presenting symptom (e.g. chest pain). By starting with a symptom, mirroring real life settings, students learn to draw on their knowledge of different physiological systems - for example, cardiology, respiratory, gastroenterology - at the same time. All the major presenting symptoms in general medicine and surgery are covered, together with a broad range of pathologies. This book is an essential resource for all medicine students, and provides a modern, well-rounded introduction to life on the wards. Ideal for those starting out in clinical medicine and an ideal refresher for those revising for OSCEs and finals.

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Immunomodulatory Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10143185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 3185

Author(s):

Linsey J. F. Peters ◽

Alexander Jans ◽

Matthias Bartneck ◽

Emiel P. C. van der Vorst

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Research Field ◽

General Introduction ◽

Cellular Receptors ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Current Therapies ◽

Based Medicine ◽

Physiological Systems

Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which remain the number one contributor to mortality worldwide. Although current therapies can slow down disease progression, no treatment is available that can fully cure or reverse atherosclerosis. Nanomedicine, which is the application of nanotechnology in medicine, is an emerging field in the treatment of many pathologies, including CVDs. It enables the production of drugs that interact with cellular receptors, and allows for controlling cellular processes after entering these cells. Nanomedicine aims to repair, control and monitor biological and physiological systems via nanoparticles (NPs), which have been shown to be efficient drug carriers. In this review we will, after a general introduction, highlight the advantages and limitations of the use of such nano-based medicine, the potential applications and targeting strategies via NPs. For example, we will provide a detailed discussion on NPs that can target relevant cellular receptors, such as integrins, or cellular processes related to atherogenesis, such as vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, we will underline the (ongoing) clinical trials focusing on NPs in CVDs, which might bring new insights into this research field.

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RNAseq shows an all-pervasive day-night rhythm in the transcriptome of the pacemaker of the heart

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82202-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yanwen Wang ◽

Cali Anderson ◽

Halina Dobrzynski ◽

George Hart ◽

Alicia D’Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Circadian Clock ◽

Sick Sinus Syndrome ◽

Sinus Node ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Ion Channel Regulation ◽

Channel Regulation ◽

Physiological Systems

AbstractPhysiological systems vary in a day-night manner anticipating increased demand at a particular time. Heart is no exception. Cardiac output is primarily determined by heart rate and unsurprisingly this varies in a day-night manner and is higher during the day in the human (anticipating increased day-time demand). Although this is attributed to a day-night rhythm in post-translational ion channel regulation in the heart’s pacemaker, the sinus node, by the autonomic nervous system, we investigated whether there is a day-night rhythm in transcription. RNAseq revealed that ~ 44% of the sinus node transcriptome (7134 of 16,387 transcripts) has a significant day-night rhythm. The data revealed the oscillating components of an intrinsic circadian clock. Presumably this clock (or perhaps the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus) is responsible for the rhythm observed in the transcriptional machinery, which in turn is responsible for the rhythm observed in the transcriptome. For example, there is a rhythm in transcripts responsible for the two principal pacemaker mechanisms (membrane and Ca2+ clocks), transcripts responsible for receptors and signalling pathways known to control pacemaking, transcripts from genes identified by GWAS as determinants of resting heart rate, and transcripts from genes responsible for familial and acquired sick sinus syndrome.

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Functional Parameters of Physiological Systems of Laboratory Primates after Administration of Doxorubicin and Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10517-018-4111-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 165 (1) ◽

pp. 115-120

Author(s):

V. Z. Agrba ◽

D. D. Karal-ogly ◽

S. Sh. Kal’sina ◽

A. G. Konoplyannikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Functional Parameters ◽

Physiological Systems

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Evolving views of Ageing and Longevity from Homer to Hippocrates: Emergence of Natural Factors, Persistence of the Supernatural

Greece and Rome ◽

10.1017/s0017383510000070 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 355-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

CALEB ELLICOTT FINCH

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Life Span ◽

Natural Factors ◽

Biomedical Scientist ◽

Human Ageing ◽

Ancient Literature ◽

Course Outcomes

During the three centuries from Homer to Hippocrates, views of human ageing and longevity evolved in a socio-cultural sense, with relationships to Greek medicine and science. I, as a biomedical scientist, examine ancient literature for roots of the idea that life-course outcomes can be influenced by tangible ‘natural’ factors, whether these are environmental or the result of lifestyle. The concept that an individual has any choice in health and ageing departs radically from ancient, persistent beliefs in the primacy of the supernatural, that the gods could predestine one's life span by birth or could alter it at any time.

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Genomics of ageing in twins

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665114000640 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 526-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Massimo Mangino

Keyword(s):

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Twin Studies ◽

Later Life ◽

Twin Design ◽

The Past ◽

Human Ageing ◽

Classical Twin Design ◽

Environmental Component ◽

Early Life Events ◽

Generation Sequencing

Ageing is a complex multifactorial process, reflecting the progression of all degenerative pathways within an organism. Due to the increase of life expectancy, in recent years, there is a pressing need to identify early-life events and risk factors that determine health outcomes in later life. So far, genetic variation only explains ~20–25 % of the variability of human survival to age 80+. This clearly implies that other factors (environmental, epigenetic and lifestyle) contribute to lifespan and the rate of healthy ageing within an individual. Twin studies in the past two decades proved to be a very powerful tool to discriminate the genetic from the environmental component. The aim of this review is to describe the basic concepts of the twin study design and to report some of the latest studies in which high-throughput technologies (e.g. genome/epigenome-wide assay, next generation sequencing, MS metabolic profiling) combined with the classical twin design have been applied to the analysis of novel ‘omics’ to further understand the molecular mechanisms of human ageing.

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