Discriminating between Patients with Unipolar disorder, Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Control Individuals based on Voice Features Collected from Naturalistic Smartphone Calls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Faurholt‐Jepsen ◽  
Darius Adam Rohani ◽  
Jonas Busk ◽  
Morten Lindberg Tønning ◽  
Maj Vinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Unipolar Disorder ◽  
Healthy Control

Sleep spindles in bipolar disorder - a comparison to healthy control subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Ritter ◽  
J. Schwabedal ◽  
M. Brandt ◽  
W. Schrempf ◽  
F. Brezan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control

scholarly journals Use of ecological momentary assessment to detect variability in mood, sleep and stress in bipolar disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Li ◽  
Dahlia Mukherjee ◽  
Venkatesh Basappa Krishnamurthy ◽  
Caitlin Millett ◽  
Kelly A. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Ecological Momentary Assessment ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

Abstract Objective Our aim was to study within-person variability in mood, cognition, energy, and impulsivity measured in an Ecological Momentary Assessment paradigm in bipolar disorder by using modern statistical techniques. Exploratory analyses tested the relationship between bipolar disorder symptoms and hours of sleep, and levels of pain, social and task-based stress. We report an analysis of data from a two-arm, parallel group study (bipolar disorder group N = 10 and healthy control group N = 10, with 70% completion rate of 14-day surveys). Surveys of bipolar disorder symptoms, social stressors and sleep hours were completed on a smartphone at unexpected times in an Ecological Momentary Assessment paradigm twice a day. Multi-level models adjusted for potential subject heterogeneity were adopted to test the difference between the bipolar disorder and health control groups. Results Within-person variability of mood, energy, speed of thoughts, impulsivity, pain and perception of skill of tasks was significantly higher in the bipolar disorder group compared to health controls. Elevated bipolar disorder symptom domains in the evening were associated with reduced sleep time that night. Stressors were associated with worsening of bipolar disorder symptoms. Detection of symptoms when an individual is experiencing difficulty allows personalized, focused interventions.

scholarly journals SKINREMS—A New Method for Assessment of the Niacin Skin Flush Test Response in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1848
Author(s):  
Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz ◽  
Joanna Rog ◽  
Piotr Wolszczak ◽  
Kamil Jonak ◽  
Ewa Stelmach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Excellent Accuracy

Schizophrenia has been considered a disorder linked with faulty lipid homeostasis, and the proposed tool for assessment of these disruptions is the niacin skin flush test. The aims of the study were: 1. Create a new tool to analyze results of the niacin skin flush test more precisely and objectively. 2. Verify the utility of a self-created tool for differentiating between schizophrenia (SZ; n = 56), bipolar disorder (BD; n = 29) and healthy control (HC; n = 45) individuals. The proposed developed method, based on the Skin Reaction Measurement Computer System (SKINREMS), allows one to evaluate the response to the niacin skin flush test quickly and objectively. SKINREMS showed good accuracy in discriminating SZ from BD (with sensitivity 91% and specificity 72%), and SZ from HC (71% and 66%, respectively), and sufficient but not excellent accuracy in discriminating BD from HC (55% and 54%, respectively). The pathophysiological pathways and features shared by schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may be the reason for difficulties in fully discriminating between these two mental disorders using the niacin challenge test. The management of disruptions in the phospholipid metabolism and the inflammatory process could potentially become an individualized form of therapy in a subgroup of psychiatric patients.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic measurement of cerebral gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations in patients with bipolar disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po W. Wang ◽  
Napapon Sailasuta ◽  
Rebecca A. Chandler ◽  
Terence A. Ketter
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Bipolar Ii ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Cr Concentration

Background:Animal models of depression and psychopharmacological mechanisms of action suggest the importance of the gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) system in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Mood stabilizers have overlapping effects on GABAergic neurotransmission, and antidepressant use has been associated with alterations in GABAB receptor function. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides an opportunity to noninvasively assess cerebral GABA concentrations in anterior paralimbic circuits that have been implicated in mood disorders.Methods:In bipolar disorder patients and healthy control subjects, we used MRS with a modified GABA-edited point resolved spectroscopy sequence (TE 68 ms, TR 1500 ms, 512 averages, total scan time 26 min) to assess GABA in an 18-cm3 occipital voxel. In addition, in another cohort of bipolar disorder patients and healthy control subjects, we similarly assessed GABA in a 12.5-cm3 medial prefrontal/anterior cingulate (MPF/AC) voxel. The concentration of GABA was referenced to creatine (Cr) from unedited spectra.Results:In bipolar patients and controls, we consistently detected 3.0 p.p.m. GABA peaks in occipital lobe and MPF/AC. In 16 bipolar (nine bipolar I and seven bipolar II) disorder patients, compared with six healthy control subjects, mean occipital GABA/Cr concentration was 61% higher. In addition, in 15 bipolar (five bipolar I, nine bipolar II, and one bipolar not otherwise specified) disorder patients, compared with six healthy control subjects, mean MPF/AC GABA/Cr concentration tended to be 41% higher.Conclusions:Patients with bipolar disorders may have increased cerebral GABA concentrations. Although this was more evident in the occipital lobe, MPC/AC GABA disturbance may be of greater potential interest in view the more established role of MPF/AC in affective processing. Additional studies are warranted to assess changes in GABAergic neurotransmission and the influences of diagnosis, mood state, and medication status in bipolar disorder patients.

Patterns of Impairment in Executive Functions within Unipolar and Bipolar Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S212-S212
Author(s):  
B. Suciu ◽  
R. Paunescu ◽  
I. Miclutia
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Unipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Executive Impairment

IntroductionThe majority of studies revealed that cognitive deficits are an important aspect in many psychiatric illnesses, such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. In the past, cognitive impairment was considered part of depression and it was expected to diminish as other mood symptoms improved with treatment.MethodThis study is based on the review of recent literature, performed in order to understand the dimension of executive impairment in unipolar and bipolar depression.ResultsBoth unipolar and bipolar depressed patients display cognitive deficits in several cognitive domains within executive functions. Different subcomponents of executive functions are altered in both types of patients, but impairments in sustained attention appear specific in bipolar depression while dysfunctional divided attention is reported in unipolar disorder. Studies describe deficits in planning strategies and monitoring processes that are characteristically impaired in unipolar depressed patients. Also these subjects tend to make more perseverative responses suggesting set shifting deficits and moreover they require longer time and more cognitive effort in order to accomplish tasks involving inhibitory control or cognitive flexibility. Other findings suggest that bipolar I depressed patients perform worse than bipolar II depressed patients and unipolar depressed patients across all executive functions especially in the decision making process that is considered to be a trait marker for bipolar disorder with no differences between the two types of bipolar subjects.ConclusionsExecutive functions represent a term that includes a higher order of cognitive abilities with deficits that are present in both disorders but display slightly different patterns of impairment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Exposure to obstetric complications and subsequent development of bipolar disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Scott ◽  
Yvonne McNeill ◽  
Jonathan Cavanagh ◽  
Mary Cannon ◽  
Robin Murray
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Unipolar Disorder ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Robust Evidence

BackgroundResearch has suggested an association between obstetric complications and bipolar disorder. However, no quantitative evaluation has been made of the pooled data from existing studies.AimsTo systematically review studies comparing exposure to obstetric complications in cases of bipolar disorder v. non-psychiatric controls, and in cases of bipolar disorder v. cases of other mental disorders.MethodPublications were identified by computer searches of seven databases, by hand searches of reference lists and from raw data received from researchers.ResultsForty-six studies were identified, of which 22 met the inclusion criteria. The pooled odds ratio for exposure to obstetric complications and subsequent development of bipolar disorder was 1.01 (95% Cl 0.76–1.35) compared with healthy controls, 1.13 (95% Cl 0.64–1.99) compared with cases of unipolar disorder and 0.61 (95% Cl 0.39–0.95) compared with those who developed schizophrenia.ConclusionsThere is no robust evidence that exposure to obstetric complications increases the risk of developing bipolar disorder. However, the range of events regarded as obstetric complications and methodological inadequacies make definitive conclusions difficult.

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