Effect of reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes on cigarette smoking behavior and tobacco smoke toxicant exposure: 2-year follow up

The smoking behavior of 885 students in high school and 1 yr. later in college was correlated with scores on scales and factor scales of the California Psychological Inventory and of the Objective Behavior Inventory. The data were analyzed separately by sex, and groups of students who started and who quit smoking during the period of study were compared with those who continued either to smoke or to abstain. Smokers were less well-adjusted and more likely to engage in antisocial activities. These relationships were stronger among women than among men, and those who showed behavioral ambivalence toward smoking, i.e., started or quit, were intermediate between' smokers and nonsmokers with respect to personality and behavior. The results are interpreted as suggesting a direct relationship between personality and cigarette smoking.

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Association Between Adolescent Body Mass Index and Adulthood Smoking

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/nty183 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 1629-1635 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael Fang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Body Mass ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

The United States ◽

Adolescent Females ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Past

Abstract Introduction Studies increasingly find a prospective association between adolescent weight status and adverse physical health outcomes. However, less is known about the long-term consequences of adolescent body weight on the adoption of health-risk behaviors. This study sought to determine whether adolescent body mass index (BMI) was associated with cigarette smoking in adulthood. Methods Six thousand six hundred eighty-three nonsmoking adolescents were interviewed at baseline (1996, age 11–20) and at follow-up (2008, age 24–32) as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health. Logistic and fractional regression models tested the association between adolescent BMI and smoking status and frequency in adulthood. Respondent weight and height were measured at baseline and converted into age and sex-specific BMI z-scores. Being a smoker was defined as smoking at least once in the past 30 days, while smoking frequency was defined as the proportion of days smoked over the past 30 days. Both outcomes were measured at follow-up. Results Adolescent BMI was positively associated with the transition from nonsmoking to smoking 12 years later for women but not men. Adolescent BMI was also positively associated with smoking frequency among women smokers. Both associations persisted after adjusting for established risk factors and were robust to sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Adolescent BMI was strongly associated with increased cigarette smoking behavior in adulthood for women, even after adjusting for important risk factors. Implications Using a large, nationally representative sample, this study found that adolescent BMI was positively associated with smoking behavior during adulthood for women but not men. These results have potentially important public health implications for future smoking rates in the United States, as the prevalence of overweight and obesity among US adolescent females continues to grow. Thus, it may be important for smoking prevention interventions to prioritize overweight adolescent females moving forward.

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Analysis of Nicotine Content of Hair for Assessing Individual Cigarette-Smoking Behavior

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽

10.1097/00007691-199304000-00005 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 99-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Atsuhiro Mizuno ◽

Toshihiko Uematsu ◽

Akira Oshima ◽

Masakazu Nakamura ◽

Mitsuyoshi Nakashima

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Nicotine Content

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Effects of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes on Smoking Behavior and Biomarkers of Exposure in Menthol and Non-menthol Smokers

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/ntz160 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S63-S72 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rachel L Denlinger-Apte ◽

Michael Kotlyar ◽

Joseph S Koopmeiners ◽

Jennifer W Tidey ◽

Xianghua Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Behavior ◽

The United States ◽

Recent Trial ◽

Toxicant Exposure ◽

Nicotine Content ◽

Biomarkers Of Exposure ◽

Menthol Cigarettes ◽

Multivariable Regression ◽

The Impact ◽

Nicotine Reduction

Abstract Introduction Because 30% of cigarettes sold in the United States are characterized as menthol cigarettes, it is important to understand how menthol preference may affect the impact of a nicotine reduction policy. Methods In a recent trial, non-treatment-seeking smokers were randomly assigned to receive very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNC; 0.4 mg nicotine/g tobacco) or normal nicotine cigarettes (NNC; 15.5 mg/g) for 20 weeks. On the basis of preference, participants received menthol or non-menthol cigarettes. We conducted multivariable regression analyses to examine whether menthol preference moderated the effects of nicotine content on cigarettes per day (CPD), breath carbon monoxide (CO), urinary total nicotine equivalents (TNE), urinary 2-cyanoethylmercapturic acid (CEMA), and abstinence. Results At baseline, menthol smokers (n = 346) reported smoking fewer CPD (14.9 vs. 19.2) and had lower TNE (52.8 vs. 71.6 nmol/mg) and CO (17.7 vs. 20.5 ppm) levels than non-menthol smokers (n = 406; ps < .05). At week 20, significant interactions indicated that menthol smokers had smaller treatment effects than non-menthol smokers for CPD (–6.4 vs. –9.3), TNE (ratio of geometric means, 0.22 vs. 0.10) and CEMA (ratio, 0.56 vs. 0.37; ps < .05), and trended toward a smaller treatment effect for CO (–4.5 vs. –7.3 ppm; p = .06). Odds ratios for abstinence at week 20 were 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.8 to 4.4) for menthol and 9.11 (95% CI = 3.3 to 25.2) for non-menthol VLNC smokers (p = .02) relative to the NNC condition. Conclusions Although menthol smokers experienced reductions in smoking, toxicant exposure, and increases in quitting when using VLNC cigarettes, the magnitude of change was smaller than that observed for non-menthol smokers. Implications Results of this analysis suggest that smokers of menthol cigarettes may respond to a nicotine reduction policy with smaller reductions in smoking rates and toxicant exposure than would smokers of non-menthol cigarettes.

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Personality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer:

Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie ◽

10.1026/0943-8149.12.3.102 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 102-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Manfred Amelang ◽

Petra Hasselbach ◽

Til Stürmer

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Type A Behavior ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Emotional Lability ◽

Prevalent Disease ◽

Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract. Ten years ago a sample of N = 5.133 male and female subjects (age 28-74) responded to questionnaires including scales for personality, life style, work stress as well as questions on prevalent disease. We now report on the follow-up regarding self-reported incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. During a mean follow-up of 10 years, 257 participants had died. Of those alive, N = 4.010 (82%) participated in the follow-up. Of these, 120 and 180 persons reported incident cardiovascular disease and cancer, respectively. The incidence of cardiovascular disease could be significantly predicted by the personality factors “Emotional Lability”, “Behavioral Control” and “Type-A-Behavior” as well as by the “Rationality/Antemotionality”-scale according to Grossarth-Maticek. After controlling for age, gender and smoking behavior only the significant effect of “Emotional Lability” remained and the predictors according to Grossarth-Maticek had no incremental validity. Cancer could not be predicted by any personality factors.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Very low nicotine content cigarettes disrupt the feedback loop of affective states and smoking behavior.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.736878396.793567456 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Neil Grunberg

Keyword(s):

Feedback Loop ◽

Smoking Behavior ◽

Affective States ◽

Nicotine Content

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Does parental permissiveness toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use influence illicit drug use among adolescents? A longitudinal study in seven European countries

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s00127-021-02118-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emina Mehanović ◽

Federica Vigna-Taglianti ◽

Fabrizio Faggiano ◽

Maria Rosaria Galanti ◽

Barbara Zunino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Longitudinal Data ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Large Population ◽

Illicit Drug Use ◽

European Countries ◽

The Impact

Abstract Purpose Adolescents’ perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study. Methods The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents’ own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models. Results Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents’ illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents’ own cigarette and alcohol use. Conclusion Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents’ use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.

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Sex Difference in the Association between Electronic Cigarette Use and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking among U.S. Adolescents: Findings from the PATH Study Waves 1–4

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041695 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1695

Author(s):

Zongshuan Duan ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Jidong Huang

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Estimation Equations ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Prospective Association

E-cigarettes are the most-used tobacco products among U.S. adolescents. Emerging evidence suggests that adolescents using e-cigarettes are at elevated risk for initiating cigarette smoking. However, whether this risk may differ by sex remains unknown. This study analyzed data from Wave 1 to 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative longitudinal survey. Generalized estimation equations (GEE) were performed to estimate the associations between baseline e-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette smoking, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, mental health conditions, and other tobacco use. Effect modifications by sex were examined. Multivariate analyses showed that, among baseline never cigarette smokers, past-30-day e-cigarette use at baseline waves was significantly associated with past-30-day cigarette smoking at follow-up waves (aOR = 3.90, 95% CI: 2.51–6.08). This association was significantly stronger for boys (aOR = 6.17, 95% CI: 2.43–15.68) than for girls (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.14–8.33). Additionally, using other tobacco products, older age, and having severe externalizing mental health problems at baseline were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of cigarette smoking at follow-up. The prospective association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking differs by sex among U.S. adolescents. Sex-specific tobacco control interventions may be warranted to curb the youth tobacco use epidemic.

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