Association Between Adolescent Body Mass Index and Adulthood Smoking

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Past

Abstract Introduction Studies increasingly find a prospective association between adolescent weight status and adverse physical health outcomes. However, less is known about the long-term consequences of adolescent body weight on the adoption of health-risk behaviors. This study sought to determine whether adolescent body mass index (BMI) was associated with cigarette smoking in adulthood. Methods Six thousand six hundred eighty-three nonsmoking adolescents were interviewed at baseline (1996, age 11–20) and at follow-up (2008, age 24–32) as part of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health. Logistic and fractional regression models tested the association between adolescent BMI and smoking status and frequency in adulthood. Respondent weight and height were measured at baseline and converted into age and sex-specific BMI z-scores. Being a smoker was defined as smoking at least once in the past 30 days, while smoking frequency was defined as the proportion of days smoked over the past 30 days. Both outcomes were measured at follow-up. Results Adolescent BMI was positively associated with the transition from nonsmoking to smoking 12 years later for women but not men. Adolescent BMI was also positively associated with smoking frequency among women smokers. Both associations persisted after adjusting for established risk factors and were robust to sensitivity analyses. Conclusions Adolescent BMI was strongly associated with increased cigarette smoking behavior in adulthood for women, even after adjusting for important risk factors. Implications Using a large, nationally representative sample, this study found that adolescent BMI was positively associated with smoking behavior during adulthood for women but not men. These results have potentially important public health implications for future smoking rates in the United States, as the prevalence of overweight and obesity among US adolescent females continues to grow. Thus, it may be important for smoking prevention interventions to prioritize overweight adolescent females moving forward.

scholarly journals Physical activity modifies the risk of atrial fibrillation in obese individuals: The HUNT3 study

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 1646-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars E Garnvik ◽  
Vegard Malmo ◽  
Imre Janszky ◽  
Ulrik Wisløff ◽  
Jan P Loennechen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart rhythm disorder, and high body mass index is a well-established risk factor for atrial fibrillation. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of physical activity and body mass index and risk of atrial fibrillation, and the modifying role of physical activity on the association between body mass index and atrial fibrillation. Design The design was a prospective cohort study. Methods This study followed 43,602 men and women from the HUNT3 study in 2006–2008 until first atrial fibrillation diagnosis or end of follow-up in 2015. Atrial fibrillation diagnoses were collected from hospital registers and validated by medical doctors. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to assess the association between physical activity, body mass index and atrial fibrillation. Results During a mean follow-up of 8.1 years (352,770 person-years), 1459 cases of atrial fibrillation were detected (4.1 events per 1000 person-years). Increasing levels of physical activity were associated with gradually lower risk of atrial fibrillation ( p trend 0.069). Overweight and obesity were associated with an 18% (hazard ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.35) and 59% (hazard ratio 1.59, 95% confidence interval 1.37–1.84) increased risk of atrial fibrillation, respectively. High levels of physical activity attenuated some of the higher atrial fibrillation risk in obese individuals (hazard ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.03–2.28 in active and 1.96, 95% confidence interval 1.44–2.67 in inactive) compared to normal weight active individuals. Conclusion Overweight and obesity were associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation. Physical activity offsets some, but not all, atrial fibrillation risk associated with obesity.

scholarly journals Risk factors for overweight and obesity, and changes in body mass index of Chinese adults in Shanghai

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhong Hou ◽  
Weiping Jia ◽  
Yuqian Bao ◽  
Huijuan Lu ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Adults

scholarly journals Twenty-year time trends in hypertension prevalence in Yi people of China: three successive cross-sectional studies, 1996–2015

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e022714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Shaoping Wan ◽  
Biao Zhang ◽  
Fen Dong ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Farmers ◽  
The Difference

ObjectiveTo explore the trend of hypertension prevalence and related factors in Yi people from 1996 to 2015.MethodsThree successive cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in 1996, 2007 and 2015, respectively. A total of 8448 participants aged 20–80 years (5040 Yi farmers, 3408 Yi migrants) were included in final analysis.ResultsOverall, the age-standardised prevalence of hypertension in migrants was significantly higher than in farmers. Furthermore, the age-standardised prevalence rates increased from 10.1% to 15.3% to 19.6% in Yi migrants and from 4.0% to 6.3% to 13.1% in Yi farmers during 1996 to 2007 to 2015. The highest 2015-to-1996 ratio of age-standardised hypertension prevalence was in male farmers (ratio=4.30), whereas despite the highest prevalence of hypertension, the equivalent figure in male migrants was 1.57. The older age, overweight and obesity were persistent risk factors of hypertension in three periods. After adjusted for age and body mass index, the difference of hypertension prevalence between 1996 and 2015 then vanished in male migrants (OR=1.335; 95% CI: 0.884 to 2.015) and female farmers (OR=1.267; 95% CI: 0.590 to 2.719). The disparities of hypertension prevalence between Yi migrants and farmers were not statistically significant in all subgroups when adjusted for age, body mass index and education.ConclusionsOver the past two decades, the hypertension prevalence in Yi people has significantly increased. Yi migrants were more likely to be hypertensive than Yi farmers which was predominantly driven by the discrepancy of body mass index between them.

The Economics of Smoking Prevention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip DeCicca ◽  
Donald S. Kenkel ◽  
Michael F. Lovenheim ◽  
Erik Nesson
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cigarette Taxation ◽  
Developed Nations

Smoking prevention has been a key component of health policy in developed nations for over half a century. Public policies to reduce the physical harm attributed to cigarette smoking, both externally and to the smoker, include cigarette taxation, smoking bans, and anti-smoking campaigns, among other publicly conceived strategies to reduce smoking initiation among the young and increase smoking cessation among current smokers. Despite the policy intensity of the past two decades, there remains debate regarding whether, and to what extent, the observed reductions in smoking are due to such policies. Indeed, while smoking rates in developed countries have fallen substantially over the past half century, it is difficult to separate secular trends toward greater investment in health from actual policy impacts. In other words, smoking rates might have declined in the absence of these anti-smoking policies, consistent with trends toward other healthy behaviors. These trends also may reflect longer-run responses to policies enacted many years ago, which also poses challenges for identification of causal policy effects. While smoking rates fell dramatically over this period, the gradient in smoking prevalence has become tilted toward lower socioeconomic status (SES) individuals. That is, cigarette smoking exhibited a relatively flat SES gradient 50 years ago, but today that gradient is much steeper: relatively less-educated and lower-income individuals are many times more likely to be cigarette smokers than their more highly educated and higher-income counterparts. Over time, consumers also have become less price-responsive, which has rendered cigarette taxation a less effective policy tool with which to reduce smoking. The emergence of tax avoidance strategies such as casual cigarette smuggling (e.g., cross-tax border purchasing) and purchasing from tax-free outlets (e.g., Native reservations in Canada and the United States) have likely contributed to reduced price sensitivity. Such behaviors have been of particular interest in the last decade as cigarette taxation has roughly doubled cigarette prices in many developed nations, creating often large incentives to avoid taxation for those who continue to smoke. Perhaps due to the perception that traditional policy has been ineffective, recent anti-smoking policy has focused more on the direct regulation of cigarettes and smoking behavior. The main non-price-based policy has been the rise of smoke-free air laws, which restrict smoking behavior in workplaces, restaurants, and bars. These regulations can reduce smoking prevalence and exposure to secondhand smoke among nonsmokers. However, they may also shift the location of smoking in ways that increase secondhand smoke exposure, particularly among children. Other non-tax regulations focus on the packaging (e.g., the movement towards plain packaging), advertising, and product attributes of cigarettes (e.g., nicotine content, cigarette flavor, etc.), and most are attempts to reduce smoking by making it less desirable to the actual or potential smoker. Perhaps not surprisingly, research in the economics of smoking prevention has followed these policy developments, though strong interest remains in both the evaluation of price- and non-price policies as well as any offsetting responses among smokers that may undermine the effectiveness of these regulations. While the past two decades have provided fertile ground for research in the economics of smoking, we expect this to continue, as governments search for more innovative and effective ways to reduce smoking.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index and the Relationship with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Romania

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Carmen Denise Caldararu ◽  
Dorin Tarta ◽  
Raluca Pop ◽  
Mirela Gliga ◽  
Emilian Carasca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObesity and chronic kidney disease are epidemic size. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) appears to be more common in obese, although interrelation is not supported by all authors.Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of overweight and obesity on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and other risk factors for CKD.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 627 patients admitted in a Nephrology Department between January 2007 - December 2011. Patients were divided according to eGFR in a CKD group and a non-CKD group. Patients were divided based on BMI in: normal (<25 kg/m2), overweight (≥ 25 kg/m2 and ≤30 kg/m2) and obese (>30 kg/m2). Demographical, clinical and laboratory data (serum creatinine, lipid parameters, etc) were used for the statistical analysis. The relationship between BMI (as a marker of obesity and overweight), glomerular filtration rate and other possible risk factors for chronic kidney disease was studied.Results: 43.70% patients were obese and 33.17% overweight. CKD prevalence was 58.69%. Logistic regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure was the main determinant of CKD in our patients.Conclusion: Lack of association between BMI and CKD was demonstrated in our study.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN RAILWAY CREWS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Kazidaeva ◽  
I. N. Sergunina ◽  
Yu. L. Venevtseva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Stabilization Of Parameters ◽  
Brachiocephalic Arteries

Aim. To assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) and dynamics over 4 years in locomotory crews.Material and methods. One hundred train drivers and assistants aged 25-59 y.o. (mean age — 43,8±10,3 y.) were investigated in-patient with 24 hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring, ultrasound Doppler of brachiocephalic arteries, standard biochemistry. Fifty three persons were assessed prospectively from 2013 to 2017 y.Results. BP increase (essential hypertension of I-II grades with mild or moderate hypertension) was found in 78 persons, with the mean duration — 10,4±4,3 years, and age of onset — 37,0±8,5 y.o. Most commonly, the dyslipidemiaswerefound:hypertriglyceridemiain59%,hypercholesterolemia in 44%. Smokers — 39%, overweight — 37%, obese — 41%. Correlational analysis revealed significant direct correlation of triglycerides with body mass index (r=0,35), with glucose tolerance disorder (r=0,22) and hypertension (r=0,22), however there was negative correlation with smoking status (r=-0,25). In patients with hypertension, aged 25-39 (n=18), comparing to the group with the none (n=22), there were significantly higher: body mass index, cholesterol level, triglycerides level and low density lipoproteideslevelwiththeabsenceofdifferenceinhighdensitylipoproteides, smoking prevalence and family anamnesis of cardiovascular diseases. In prospective follow-up the negative dynamics of lipid profile was found in males of 25-39 y.o., and morphological presentation — lesions in brachiocephalic arteries, at the age 40-49 y. with stabilization of parameters at the age 50-59 y.o. Mean group levels of systolic and diastolic BP at daytime and at night in both timepoints were within normotension range in all groups, corresponding to “non-dipper” type.Conclusion. Most prevalent RF in railway crews were dyslipidemia and obesity. The adequacy of therapy prescribed in all age strata makes it to regard the raise of BP as modifiable RF.

Demographic and Reproductive Factors Associated with Hemifacial Microsomia

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha M. Werler ◽  
Jane E. Sheehan ◽  
Catherine Hayes ◽  
Bonnie L. Padwa ◽  
Allen A. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hemifacial Microsomia ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Craniofacial Malformations

Objective To identify demographic and reproductive risk factors for hemifacial microsomia in offspring. Design In a case-control study, maternal interviews were conducted within 3 years after delivery. Cases with hemifacial microsomia were ascertained from craniofacial centers in 26 cities in the United States and Canada. Controls were patients of the cases’ pediatricians. Two hundred thirty-nine cases were compared with 854 controls. Odds ratios for various infant and maternal factors were estimated. Results Cases had lower birth weights, were more often male or a twin, and had more relatives with craniofacial malformations or hearing loss than controls. Case mothers had lower family incomes, had a lower body mass index, had more vaginal bleeding in the second trimester, and were more likely to have had a spontaneous abortion in a previous pregnancy. Conclusions Nonmodifiable factors (age and parity) were not associated with hemifacial microsomia risk. Factors that are related to poverty (low family income, late recognition of pregnancy, and low body mass index) are associated with an increase in risk. High risk estimates for multiple pregnancies and second-trimester vaginal bleeding suggest a vascular etiology.

Predictors of Overweight and Obesity in Childhood Cancer Survivors

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-162
Author(s):  
Bonnie Gance-Cleveland ◽  
Anna Linton ◽  
Jaron Arbet ◽  
Debra Stiller ◽  
Genevieve Sylvain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Duration Of Treatment

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the potential risk factors for overweight/obesity in survivors of childhood cancer. Design: A retrospective chart review of childhood cancer survivors ( N = 321) seen in a cancer survivor clinic was conducted to determine the strongest risks of overweight/obesity. Risk factors were as follows: age, race, gender, cancer diagnosis, body mass index at diagnosis, and treatment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risks of overweight/obesity while simultaneously adjusting for other patient factors. Findings: Data suggested that female cancer survivors, Hispanics, those with higher body mass index at diagnosis, and those with longer duration of treatment had greater odds of being overweight/obese. Conclusions: Many of the risk factors for overweight/obesity in childhood cancer survivors are consistent with the general population, and length of cancer treatment is unique to this population. Implications for Nursing: Findings from this study will inform care for childhood cancer survivors to improve long-term cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals High prevalence of cardiac dysfunction or overt heart failure in 71-year-old men: A 21-year follow-up of “The Study of men born in 1943”

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Chen ◽  
Erik Thunström ◽  
Per-Olof Hansson ◽  
Annika Rosengren ◽  
Zacharias Mandalenakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Old Men

Background Knowledge about long-term risk factors and the prevalence of heart failure stages in general population is limited. We aimed to study the prevalence of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure in 71-year-old men and potential risk factors in the past two decades. Design This research was based on a randomized selected population study with longitudinal follow-up. Methods A random sample of men born in 1943 in Gothenburg, Sweden were examined in 1993 (at 50 years of age) and re-examined 21 years later in 2014 (at 71 years of age). Cardiac dysfunction or heart failure was classified into four stages (A–D) according to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines on heart failure. Results Of the 798 men examined in 1993 (overall cohort), 535 (67%) were re-examined in 2014 (echo cohort). In the echo cohort 122 (23%) men had normal cardiac function, 135 (25%) were at stage A, 207 (39%) men were at stage B, 66 (12%) men were at stage C, and five (1%) men were at stage D. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that elevated body mass index at 50 years old was the only independent risk factor for developing heart failure/cardiac dysfunction during the subsequent 21 years. For each unit (1 kg/m2) of increased body mass index, the odds ratio for stages C/D heart failure vs no heart failure/stage A increased by 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.31, p < 0.001), after adjustment for smoking, sedentary life style, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Conclusion In a random sample of men at 71 years of age, half presented with either cardiac dysfunction or clinical heart failure. High body mass index was associated with an increased risk for developing cardiac dysfunction or heart failure over a 21-year period.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document