Can matrix structure affect animal navigation between fragments? A dispersal experiment using release platforms

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 470-471

Author(s):

N. Y. Jin

Keyword(s):

Volume Fraction ◽

Fatigue Cracks ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Matrix Structure ◽

Dislocation Dipole ◽

Slip Bands ◽

Persistent Slip Bands ◽

The Matrix ◽

Hard Shell ◽

Copper Single Crystals

Localised plastic deformation in Persistent Slip Bands(PSBs) is a characteristic feature of fatigue in many materials. The dislocation structure in the PSBs contains regularly spaced dislocation dipole walls occupying a volume fraction of around 10%. The remainder of the specimen, the inactive "matrix", contains dislocation veins at a volume fraction of 50% or more. Walls and veins are both separated by regions in which the dislocation density is lower by some orders of magnitude. Since the PSBs offer favorable sites for the initiation of fatigue cracks, the formation of the PSB wall structure is of great interest. Winter has proposed that PSBs form as the result of a transformation of the matrix structure to a regular wall structure, and that the instability occurs among the broad dipoles near the center of a vein rather than in the hard shell surounding the vein as argued by Kulmann-Wilsdorf.

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Medium-high frequency FBG accelerometer with integrative matrix structure

Applied Optics ◽

10.1364/ao.54.003115 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 54 (11) ◽

pp. 3115 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yutang Dai ◽

Guanglin Yin ◽

Bin Liu ◽

Gang Xu ◽

Joseph Muna Karanja

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

Matrix Structure

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Toward Physicochemical and Rheological Characterization of Different Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers Cross-Linked with Polyethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13060948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 948

Author(s):

Nicola Zerbinati ◽

Sabrina Sommatis ◽

Cristina Maccario ◽

Maria Chiara Capillo ◽

Giulia Grimaldi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Diglycidyl Ether ◽

Dermal Filler ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Matrix Structure ◽

Dermal Fillers ◽

Rheological Characterization

(1) Background: Injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers are used to restore volume, hydration and skin tone in aesthetic medicine. HA fillers differ from each other due to their cross-linking technologies, with the aim to increase mechanical and biological activities. One of the most recent and promising cross-linkers is polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDE), used by the company Matex Lab S.p.A., (Brindisi, Italy) to create the HA dermal filler PEGDE family. Over the last few years, several studies have been performed to investigate the biocompatibility and biodegradability of these formulations, but little information is available regarding their matrix structure, rheological and physicochemical properties related to their cross-linking technologies, the HA content or the degree of cross-linking. (2) Methods: Seven different injectable HA hydrogels were subjected to optical microscopic examination, cohesivity evaluation and rheological characterization in order to investigate their behavior. (3) Results: The analyzed cross-linked dermal fillers showed a fibrous “spiderweb-like” matrix structure, with each medical device presenting different and peculiar rheological features. Except for HA non cross-linked hydrogel 18 mg/mL, all showed an elastic and cohesive profile. (4) Conclusions: The comparative analysis with other literature works makes a preliminary characterization of these injectable medical devices possible.

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Experimental Performance of A Rotary Desiccant Wheel Without Honeycomb Matrix Structure: A Preliminary Study

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1096/1/012043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1096 (1) ◽

pp. 012043

Author(s):

U Hanifah ◽

M A Karim ◽

A Haryanto ◽

R Alfiyah ◽

A Taufan

Keyword(s):

Matrix Structure ◽

Experimental Performance ◽

Desiccant Wheel ◽

Preliminary Study

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Morphological and Biochemical Features Affecting the Antithrombotic Properties of the Aorta in Adult Rabbits and Rabbit Pups

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1615116 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 79 (05) ◽

pp. 1034-1040 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

E. Nitschmann ◽

L. Berry ◽

S. Bridge ◽

M. W. C. Hatton ◽

M. Richardson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Arterial Wall ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Matrix Structure ◽

Antithrombotic Activity ◽

Antithrombin Activity ◽

And Function ◽

Biochemical Features

SummaryWe hypothesised that there are important physiologic differences in arterial wall structure and function with respect to antithrombotic activity in the very young (pre-puberty) compared to adults. Electron microscopy, gel electrophoresis, and activity assays were used to examine differences in aorta structure and function comparing prepubertal rabbits (pups) to adult rabbits. Differences in endothelial function, extracellular matrix structure, proteoglycan (PG) distribution and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and function were shown. In both intima and media, total PG, chondroitin sulfate (CS) PG and heparan sulfate (HS) PG content were significantly increased in pups compared to adult rabbits. These findings corresponded to increased concentrations by mass analyses of CS GAG and DS GAG in aortas from pups. There was also a significant increase in antithrombin activity in pups due to HS GAG. In conclusion, differences in both structure and antithrombin activity of aortas from pups compared to adult rabbits suggest that young arteries may have greater antithrombotic potential that is, at least in part, related to increased HS GAG.

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Multiorbital singlet pairing and d + d superconductivity

npj Quantum Materials ◽

10.1038/s41535-020-00304-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emilian M. Nica ◽

Qimiao Si

Keyword(s):

Time Reversal ◽

Heavy Fermion ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Spin Orbit Coupling ◽

Spin Orbit ◽

Matrix Structure ◽

Spin Singlet ◽

Low Energies ◽

Triplet Pairing ◽

Orbital Space

AbstractRecent experiments in multiband Fe-based and heavy-fermion superconductors have challenged the long-held dichotomy between simple s- and d-wave spin-singlet pairing states. Here, we advance several time-reversal-invariant irreducible pairings that go beyond the standard singlet functions through a matrix structure in the band/orbital space, and elucidate their naturalness in multiband systems. We consider the sτ3 multiorbital superconducting state for Fe-chalcogenide superconductors. This state, corresponding to a d + d intra- and inter-band pairing, is shown to contrast with the more familiar d + id state in a way analogous to how the B- triplet pairing phase of 3He superfluid differs from its A- phase counterpart. In addition, we construct an analog of the sτ3 pairing for the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCu2Si2, using degrees-of-freedom that incorporate spin-orbit coupling. Our results lead to the proposition that d-wave superconductors in correlated multiband systems will generically have a fully-gapped Fermi surface when they are examined at sufficiently low energies.

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NLM-HS: Navigation Learning Model Based on a Hippocampal–Striatal Circuit for Explaining Navigation Mechanisms in Animal Brains

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11060803 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 803

Author(s):

Jie Chai ◽

Xiaogang Ruan ◽

Jing Huang

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Learning Algorithm ◽

Learning Model ◽

Cognitive Map ◽

Model Based ◽

Animal Navigation ◽

Environmental Cognition ◽

Neurophysiological Studies ◽

Planning Algorithm ◽

Two Stages

Neurophysiological studies have shown that the hippocampus, striatum, and prefrontal cortex play different roles in animal navigation, but it is still less clear how these structures work together. In this paper, we establish a navigation learning model based on the hippocampal–striatal circuit (NLM-HS), which provides a possible explanation for the navigation mechanism in the animal brain. The hippocampal model generates a cognitive map of the environment and performs goal-directed navigation by using a place cell sequence planning algorithm. The striatal model performs reward-related habitual navigation by using the classic temporal difference learning algorithm. Since the two models may produce inconsistent behavioral decisions, the prefrontal cortex model chooses the most appropriate strategies by using a strategy arbitration mechanism. The cognitive and learning mechanism of the NLM-HS works in two stages of exploration and navigation. First, the agent uses a hippocampal model to construct the cognitive map of the unknown environment. Then, the agent uses the strategy arbitration mechanism in the prefrontal cortex model to directly decide which strategy to choose. To test the validity of the NLM-HS, the classical Tolman detour experiment was reproduced. The results show that the NLM-HS not only makes agents show environmental cognition and navigation behavior similar to animals, but also makes behavioral decisions faster and achieves better adaptivity than hippocampal or striatal models alone.

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