Children acknowledge physical constraints less when actors behave stereotypically: Gender stereotypes as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Amemiya ◽  
Elizabeth Mortenson ◽  
Sohee Ahn ◽  
Caren M. Walker ◽  
Gail D. Heyman
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Physical Constraints

“Die Empörten Weiber”: Gender, Authority and Protestant Modernism in Jeremiah 44

2021 ◽  
pp. 030908922110190
Author(s):  
Melvin Sensenig
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Religious Activity ◽  
Israelite Religion ◽  
Social Elite ◽  
Elite Status

Because of Protestant modernism’s reconstrual of older Protestant views of inspiration around the Romantic notion of the male charismatic prophet, it unintentionally opened doors for the latent gender inequality of its misogynist cultural context when interpreting female religious activity in the prophets. Because of Protestant modernism’s inability to distinguish itself from its 19th-20th century social elite status, it can end up enabling gender stereotypes of its time and thus engage in unexamined gender bias. Vestiges at times remain in literature that assumes the non- or reduced agency of women in Israelite religion. This is a case study in one of the founders of historical-critical Jeremiah study, Sigmund Mowinckel, focusing not on Protestant modernism broadly but rather on Mowinckel’s clear expression of the modernist Protestant notion of the inspiration of sacred speech.

Mobile Technologies and Gender Rituals

2014 ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryll Ruth R. Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Developing Society

This chapter explores the implications of mobile technologies on gender through the lens of gender rituals. While maintaining social order and social roles, rituals also legitimate key category differences, ideologies, and inequalities. The increasing convergence of media and content in mobile devices, and the blurring of the spaces for work, family, and leisure amidst the landscape of globalization and mobility have important implications for the enactment of rituals, and in the performance of gender. The chapter discusses this mutual shaping of gender rituals and mobile technologies through a case study of the Philippines, with some broad implications for other contexts. The study finds that the personalization, mobility, and multitude of applications afforded by mobile devices offer many opportunities for the exploration of new possibilities for subjectivity that challenge particular gender stereotypes and restrictions while simultaneously affirming particular gender rituals. While exploring the implications of the mobile device on gender in a developing society, the chapter in turn highlights the importance of culturally embedded rituals in shaping and understanding the mobile device's place in society.

The Glass Ceiling in IT

2011 ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Glass Ceiling ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Management Level ◽  
Department Of Labor ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Number Of Publications

The term “glass ceiling,” first coined in 1986, is a metaphor for “those artificial barriers based on attitudinal or organizational bias that prevent qualified individuals from advancing upward in their organization into management-level positions.” (U.S. Department of Labor, 1991, p. 1). In has been noted in a number of publications that information technology (IT) is a particularly enlightening field for the study of gender inequalities, such as the glass ceiling. For example, Ramsay (2000) noted that while inequalities in more established industries might be considered a historical leftover of obsolete gender stereotypes, the newness of computing presents researchers with the chance to examine how gender relations develop in an industry apparently less fettered by tradition. IT presents an exemplar case study for those who wished to examine “… whether the dynamics of disadvantage have their roots as deeply in today’s employment settings …” (Ramsay, 2000, p. 215). Research indicates that IT has, however, developed to reflect precisely the same forms of gendered inequalities that have been documented in older industries (Suriya, 2003). The metaphor of the glass ceiling is equally applicable to IT. Panteli, Stack, and Ramsay (2001), in a comment on the United Kingdom (UK), which nonetheless resonates internationally, state, “The growth in IT should have opened up new possibilities for women to enter these occupations. However, its growth so far has been used to construct and maintain gender differences and to sustain male hierarchies” (p. 15).

scholarly journals Time-Dependent Integration of Solar Thermal Technology in Industrial Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Kong Leng Sing ◽  
Jeng Shiun Lim ◽  
Timothy Gordon Walmsley ◽  
Peng Yen Liew ◽  
Masafumi Goto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Levelized Cost ◽  
Thermal Integration ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Heat

Solar energy is currently an underutilized renewable energy source that could fulfill low-temperature industrial heat demands with significant potential in high solar irradiance counties such as Malaysia. This study proposes a new systematic method for optimization of solar heat integration for different process options to minimize the levelized cost of heat by combining different methods from the literature. A case study from the literature is presented to demonstrate the proposed method combined with meteorological data in Malaysia. The method estimates capital cost and levelized cost of solar heating considering important physical constraints (e.g., available space) and recovery of waste heat. The method determines and optimizes important physical dimensions, including collector area, storage size, and control design. As the result of the case study, the solar thermal integration with Clean-In-Place streams (hot water) gives the lowest levelized cost of heat with RM 0.63/kWh (0.13 EUR/kWh) due to its lowest process temperature requirement. The sensitivity analysis indicates that collector price and collector efficiency are the critical parameters of solar thermal integration.

THE USE OF THE ABOAV-WEAIRE LAW TO ESTIMATE A BIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINT

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNARD JEUNE ◽  
DENIS BARABÉ
Keyword(s):  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Physical Constraint ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Biological Constraint ◽  
Empirical Curve ◽  
Biological Constraints ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Physical Materials

Developmental processes may impose limitations and directionality in the mode of development of a particular structure. The main problem is to determine the nature and the respective effects of physical and biological constraints in the development of organisms. The Aboav-Weaire law is a semi-empirical law developed to explain the topological structure of physical materials. In the present paper, we make a formal analysis of the quantitative relationships between physical and biological constraints in biological structures by using the inflorescence of the Araceae as a case study. The Aboav-Weaire law permits to obtain a quantitative estimate of the biological constraint acting on the inflorescences of this family. In the case of the Araceae, the empirical curve presents a constant deviation with respect to the Aboav-Weaire law. This deviation is due to the presence of a biological constraint as opposed to a physical constraint. The biological constraint tends to decrease the variance of the number of sides while it is the inverse situation for the physical constraint. The results obtained using the Araceae model can be used to study the interrelationships between biological and physical constraints in any organism or biological structure.

scholarly journals Modern Women and Traditional Gender Stereotypes: An Examination of the Roles Women Assume in Thailand’s Agricultural System

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Morgan Richardson ◽  
Richie Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Beliefs And Values

Previous research has demonstrated that empowering women in developing nations has been shown to enhance agricultural productivity and rural development. Although women in Southeast Asia are often considered to be more empowered than in other parts of the world, in Thailand, women still experience persistent barriers to gender equality. In response, this case study examined the positionality of women in Thailand’s agricultural sector by describing their underlying beliefs and values regarding their careers. As a result, three distinct themes emerged: (1) dichotomous gender roles, (2) the perpetuation of gender stereotypes, and (3) positive perceptions and beliefs in gender equality and women’s abilities. The findings illuminated that despite having a distinctly positive perception of themselves and their abilities, women internalize prescribed gender stereotypes in the agricultural industry in Thailand. Such views appeared to impede the participants’ sense of empowerment in the agricultural workforce. Moving forward, we recommend that extension professionals design programming to empower women in Thailand by tailoring professional development opportunities based on regional differences in regard to gendered customs, norms, and traditions. Further, additional research should be conducted to distill the specific topic areas that could be used to stir critical reflection and action among women in Thailand’s agricultural sector. Keywords: agricultural development; gender equality; Thailand; women empowerment

scholarly journals Women's Hidden Agency in the News Coverage of the Tibetian Riots

Nordlit ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvimarja Vuontela
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
News Media ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mixed Methods Case Study ◽  
Online Newspaper ◽  
Qualitative Part ◽  
Clear Majority

This mixed methods case study on the international newspaper coverage of women in the  Tibetan  riots  in  March  2008  analyses  to  what extent  women  are  represented according to prevailing gender stereotypes in conflict news. The study largely confirms news media’s gender bias, in that news media hides women’s agency. Women are either not included in the studied 62 articles from International Herald Tribune, China Daily, and  the  Tibet  Post  International, or represented according  to  prevailing  gender stereotypes, namely as passive feminine objects. Interestingly, Chi-square testing  reveals  that  the Tibet Post International, an online newspaper  run  by  Tibetan  exiles,  deviated from  the  general  tendency  by  representing remarkably frequent images of active Tibetan women. Around one-third (32 percent) of the Tibet Post  International’s articles  included press  photos featuring women and the clear  majority  (88  percent)  of  these  images represented  them  as  active.  However,  the qualitative  part  of  the study  tells  that  text  associated  with  the  newspaper’s  images  of active Tibetan women reduced these women’s perceived agency. When introducing text into  the  interpretation  of  these  images,  the  women in  many  cases  were  turned  into potential victims. This points out that text-image interaction is an often overlooked, yet integral part of assigning meaning in conflict news. 

Teachers' Gender Stereotypes in South Africa: A Case Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuntufye S. Mwamwenda
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Gender Stereotypes

Architecture and the Internet: Designing places in cyberspace

First Monday ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda E. Kalay ◽  
John Marx
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
3D Environments ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Physical Spaces

Cyberspace, as the information space is called, has become accessible in the past decade through the World Wide Web. And although it can only be experienced through the mediation of computers, it is quickly becoming an alternative stage for everyday economic, cultural, and other human activities. As such, there is a potential and a need to design it according to place–like principles. Making places for human inhabitation is, of course, what architects, landscape architects, and town planners have been doing in physical space for thousands of years. It is curious, therefore, that Cyberspace designers have not capitalized on the theories, experiences, and practices that have been guiding physical place–making. While most 3D environments closely mimic physical spaces, they are, by and large, devoid of the essential characteristics that differentiate a ‘place’ from mere ‘space.’ And only rarely are they sensitive to, and take advantage of, the peculiarities of Cyberspace. We believe that this state of affairs is temporary, characteristic of early adoption stages of new technologies. As the Web matures, and as it assumes more fully its role as a destination rather than as means of communication, there will be a growing need to design it according to place–making principles. By looking at physical architecture as a case study and metaphor for organizing space into meaningful places, this paper explores the possibility of organizing Cyberspace into spatial settings that not only afford social interaction, but, like physical places, also embody and express cultural values. At the same time, because Cyberspace lacks materiality, is free from physical constraints, and because it can only be ‘inhabited’ by proxy, these ‘places’ may not necessarily resemble their physical counterparts.

scholarly journals Simple Controllers for Wave Energy Devices Compared

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 793
Author(s):  
Demián García-Violini ◽  
Nicolás Faedo ◽  
Fernando Jaramillo-Lopez ◽  
John V. Ringwood
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Numerical Algorithms ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Energy Devices

The design of controllers for wave energy devices has evolved from early monochromatic impedance-matching methods to complex numerical algorithms that can handle panchromatic seas, constraints, and nonlinearity. However, the potential high performance of such numerical controller comes at a computational cost, with some algorithms struggling to implement in real-time, and issues surround convergence of numerical optimisers. Within the broader area of control engineering, practitioners have always displayed a fondness for simple and intuitive controllers, as evidenced by the continued popularity of the ubiquitous PID controller. Recently, a number of energy-maximising wave energy controllers have been developed based on relatively simple strategies, stemming from the fundamentals behind impedance-matching. This paper documents this set of (5) controllers, which have been developed over the period 2010–2020, and compares and contrasts their characteristics, in terms of energy-maximising performance, the handling of physical constraints, and computational complexity. The comparison is carried out both analytically and numerically, including a detailed case study, when considering a state-of-the-art CorPower-like device.

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