Phenotypical and potential functional characteristics of different immune cells expressing CD28H/B7‐H5 and their relationship with cancer prognosis

SLC41A3, as a member of the 41st family of solute carriers, participates in the transport of magnesium. The role of SLC41A3 in cancer prognosis and immune regulation has rarely been reported. This study was designed to analyze the expression status and prognostic significance of SLC41A3 in pan-cancers. The mRNA expression profiles of SLC41A3 were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), the Broad Institute Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC). The Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SLC41A3 in pan-cancer. Furthermore, the correlation between SLC41A3 expression and immune cells infiltration, immune checkpoint, mismatch repair (MMR), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI) were calculated using data form TCGA database. The results showed that the expression of SLC41A3 was down-regulated in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), and was associated with poor overall survival and tumor-specific mortality. Whereas, the expression of SLC41A3 was up-regulated in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and the results of Cox regression analysis revealed that SLC41A3 was an independent factor for LIHC prognosis. Meanwhile, a nomogram including SLC41A3 and stage was built and exhibited good predictive power for the overall survival of LIHC patients. Additionally, correlation analysis suggested a significant correlation between SLC41A3 and TMB, MSI, MMR, DNMT, and immune cells infiltration in various cancers. The overall survival and disease-specific survival analysis revealed that the combined SLC41A3 expression and immune cell score, TMB, and MSI were significantly associated with clinical outcomes in ACC, LIHC, and UVM patients. Therefore, we proposed that SLC41A3 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for cancer.

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The construction And Analysis of ceRNET And Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells In The Prognosis of Colon Cancer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-801024/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mingqiu Luo ◽

Chengzhi Huang ◽

Hui Yi ◽

Minjia Wang ◽

Zongyu Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Relative Content ◽

Cancer Prognosis ◽

Cell Type ◽

Rna Transcripts ◽

Highly Correlated

Abstract Background: The incidence of colon cancer is at the forefront of all cancers and poses great concerns for humans. Colon cancer is becoming more prevalent in young adults and therefore it is vital to find specific molecular markers for prognosis. This study aims to explore multidimensional prognostic targets of colon cancer from the perspective of the ceRNET and immune- infiltrating tumor cells. Results: The lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA proﬁles and clinical data were downloaded from TCGA-COAD and 206 differential expression lncRNAs ,352 differential expression miRNAs and 2995 differential expression mRNAs were screened out. Interactions between miRNA–mRNA pairs and lncRNA–miRNA pairs were obtained in differentially expressed molecules through the Starbase database, thus constructing ceRNET. The relative content of 22 kinds of immune cells in COAD was estimated by “Cell type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT)” algorithm. To predict the prognosis of colon cancer patients based on meaningful ceRNET or immune cells, two nomograms were constructed respectively. NRG1 had significant prognostic value(p=0.008) and was found to be highly correlated with Macrophages M1 (p = 6.5e−06) after co-expression analysis. In addition, there were two pairs of biomarkers that could affect the prognosis of colon cancer: Dendritic cells resting and UST (p =0.0012) and B cells naive and LINC00894 (p = 0.017). Finally, we found that MALAT1- NRG1 - has-miR-200c-3p and Macrophages M1 axis may have important prognostic significance for colon cancer. Conclusions: In this research,we constructed ceRNET according to differential lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the colon cancer and found ceRNAs and tumor-inﬁltrating immune cells valuable for colon cancer prognosis.

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Identification of LncRNA Prognostic Markers for Ovarian Cancer by Integration of Co-expression and CeRNA Network

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2020.566497 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Huisheng Liang ◽

Yuquan Bai ◽

Hailong Wang ◽

Xiangjun Yang

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Prognostic Markers ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Cancer Prognosis ◽

Functional Enrichment ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Immune Infiltration ◽

Cerna Network ◽

Dismal Prognosis

BackgroundOvarian cancer (OC), one of the most prevalent gynecological malignancies, is characterized by late detection and dismal prognosis. Recent studies show that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks influence immune infiltration and cancer prognosis. However, the function of lncRNA in OC immune infiltration and prognosis remains unclear.MethodsTranscriptomes of 378 OC samples and clinical data were retrieved from the TCGA repository. Modules related to immune cells were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Functional enrichment analysis and survival analysis were then performed for the identification of immune-related lncRNAs in the brown module using Cox regression model. Finally, a ceRNA network was constructed by using the lncRNAs and mRNAs from the brown module.ResultsWe found lncRNAs and mRNAs in the brown module to be significantly associated with immune cells in OC and identified 4 lncRNAs as potential OC prognostic markers. We further established that lncRNAs in the ceRNA network influence OC immune infiltration and prognosis by regulating miRNA, ultimately modulating mRNA levels.ConclusionWe have identified 4 lncRNAs as independent immune prognostic factors for OC. Furthermore, our findings offer novel insight into lncRNAs as OC immune and prognostic biomarkers.

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A Novel Framework to Predict Breast Cancer Prognosis Using Immune-Associated LncRNAs

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2020.634195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Zhijian Huang ◽

Chen Xiao ◽

Fushou Zhang ◽

Zhifeng Zhou ◽

Liang Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Risk Group ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Cancer Prognosis ◽

Clinicopathological Factors ◽

Cox Regression Analysis

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies among females. As a huge heterogeneity of malignant tumor, it is important to seek reliable molecular biomarkers to carry out the stratification for patients with BC. We surveyed immune- associated lncRNAs that may be used as potential therapeutic targets in BC.Methods: LncRNA expression data and clinical information of BC patients were downloaded from the TCGA database for a comprehensive analysis of candidate genes. A model consisting of immune-related lncRNAs enriched in BC cancerous tissues was established using the univariate Cox regression analysis and the iterative Lasso Cox regression analysis. The prognostic performance of this model was validated in two independent cohorts (GSE21653 and BC-KR), and compared with known prognostic biomarkers. A nomogram that integrated the immune-related lncRNA signature and clinicopathological factors was constructed to accurately assess the prognostic value of this signature. The correlation between the signature and immune cell infiltration in BC was also analyzed.Results: The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the OS of Patients in the low-risk group had significantly better survival than those in the high-risk group, Clinical subgroup analysis showed that the predictive ability was independent of clinicopathological factors. Univariate/multivariate Cox regression analysis showed immune lncRNA signature is an important prognostic factor and an independent prognostic marker. In addition, GSEA and GSVA analysis as well as comprehensive analysis of immune cells showed that the signature was significantly correlated with the infiltration of immune cells.Conclusion: We successfully constructed an immune-associated lncRNA signature that can accurately predict BC prognosis.

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Tissue Infiltrating Immune Cells and Endometrial Cancer Prognosis

Clinical Oncology and Research ◽

10.31487/j.cor.2021.04.01 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Maureen Drakes ◽

Swati Mehrotra ◽

Ronald K. Potkul ◽

Cheryl M. Czerlanis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Early Stage ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Cancer Prognosis ◽

Current Therapy ◽

Novel Therapy ◽

Early Stage Disease ◽

Number Of Patients

The number of patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer surpasses that of any other gynaecological cancer. This disease is usually detected early after disease onset and with current therapy 80 percent of patients with early-stage disease reach a five-year survival milestone. However, patients with advanced or recurrent disease have a grim outcome and the five-year survival rate for these patients is only about 16 percent. In several cancer types there is accumulating evidence that immune cells play a crucial role in the initiation, progression and outcome of disease. In order to provide novel and effective immunotherapeutic treatments for advanced disease endometrial cancer, an understanding of the relevance of immune cells needs to be addressed. This review briefly discusses current knowledge in the area of immune cells and how they may alter the course of endometrial cancer, as well as the implications of these cells for novel therapy and outcome.

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Systematic Analysis Uncovers Associations of PGK1 with Prognosis and Immunological Characteristics in Breast Cancer

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2021/7711151 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Liangdong Li ◽

Yang Bai ◽

Yang Gao ◽

Deheng Li ◽

Lei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Breast Cancer Prognosis ◽

Cancer Prognosis ◽

Immune Checkpoints ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Free Interval ◽

Pan Cancer

Objective. Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is an essential enzyme in the process of glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism. Herein, we conducted a systematic analysis to uncover the clinical implication of PGK1 deregulation in breast cancer. Methods. Expression pattern and prognostic significance of PGK1 were comprehensively assessed across pan-cancer based on RNA-seq profiles from the TCGA project. Associations of PGK1 with immunological features in the tumor microenvironment (immune checkpoints, immune response predictors (tumor mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI)), and tumor-infiltrating immune cells) were systematically analyzed. The role of PGK1 in the prediction of breast cancer prognosis was also evaluated. GSEA was presented for investigating biological pathways involved in PGK1. Results. PGK1 was specifically overexpressed in most of cancer types, including breast cancer. High PGK1 expression was indicative of undesirable overall survival, progression-free interval, disease-specific survival, and disease-free interval for various cancers. Furthermore, high PGK1 levels exhibited prominent correlations to immune checkpoints and high response to immunotherapy across pan-cancer. Notably, ROC curves confirmed that PGK1 can robustly predict breast cancer prognosis. Furthermore, PGK1 might shape an inflamed tumor microenvironment following the evidence that PGK1 was positively correlated to the abundance levels of tumor-infiltrating immune cells such as CD8+ T cell and NK cell in breast cancer. GSEA results revealed that PGK1 participated in metabolism and carcinogenic pathways. Conclusion. Collectively, PGK1 was capable of robustly predicting the prognosis and response to cancer immunotherapy in breast cancer.

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The Roles of CD38 and CD157 in the Solid Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunotherapy

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9010026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yu Jun Wo ◽

Adelia Shin Ping Gan ◽

Xinru Lim ◽

Isabel Shu Ying Tay ◽

Sherlly Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Cancer Immunotherapy ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Solid Tumor ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Tumor Development ◽

Cancer Prognosis ◽

Immune Resistance ◽

Tumor Types

The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of extracellular matrix proteins, immune cells, vascular cells, lymphatics and fibroblasts. Under normal physiological conditions, tissue homeostasis protects against tumor development. However, under pathological conditions, interplay between the tumor and its microenvironment can promote tumor initiation, growth and metastasis. Immune cells within the TME have an important role in the formation, growth and metastasis of tumors, and in the responsiveness of these tumors to immunotherapy. Recent breakthroughs in the field of cancer immunotherapy have further highlighted the potential of targeting TME elements, including these immune cells, to improve the efficacy of cancer prognostics and immunotherapy. CD38 and CD157 are glycoproteins that contribute to the tumorigenic properties of the TME. For example, in the hypoxic TME, the enzymatic functions of CD38 result in an immunosuppressive environment. This leads to increased immune resistance in tumor cells and allows faster growth and proliferation rates. CD157 may also aid the production of an immunosuppressive TME, and confers increased malignancy to tumor cells through the promotion of tumor invasion and metastasis. An improved understanding of CD38 and CD157 in the TME, and how these glycoproteins affect cancer progression, will be useful to develop both cancer prognosis and treatment methods. This review aims to discuss the roles of CD38 and CD157 in the TME and cancer immunotherapy of a range of solid tumor types.

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