Glycomics reveal that ST6GAL1‐mediated sialylation regulates uterine lumen closure during implantation

Background: FSH Receptor Binding Inhibitor (FRBI) blocked the binding of FSH to FSHR. Our initial study revealed FRBI reduced the maturation rate, enhanced the apoptosis of sheep Cumulus-Oocyte Complex (COCs). Little is known about whether FRBI modulates ERβ and FSHR levels in the normal uterine and cancerous tissues. The present study aimed to evaluate the FRBI effects on the expressions of Estrogen Receptor-beta (ERβ) and FSH receptor (FSHR) in the uteri. Methods: Methods: 150 mice were assigned to FRBI+FSH (COM), FSH and control groups (CG). Mice of COM-1, COM-2 and COM-3 groups were simultaneously intramuscularly injected with 500, 750 and 1000 µg FRBI with 10 IU FSH, respectively for five days. Western blotting and qPCR were utilized to determine the expression of ERβ and FSHR. Results: In comparison with FSH group, uterine lumen and glands of COM groups became narrow. The uterine wall and endometrial epithelium were thinned, and uterine lumen became narrow. Epithelial cells were decreased. Uterine wall thicknesses of COM-1, COM-2 and COM-3 groups were reduced by 6.49%, 14.89% and 15.69% on day 30 as compared with FSH group. Uterine perimetrium thicknesses of COM-1, COM-2 and COM-3 groups were reduced by 16.17%, 17.93% and 19.92% on day 20 in comparison with FSH group. Levels of FSHR mRNAs and proteins of COM-1, COM-2 and COM-3 groups were less than FSH group on days 20 and 30 (P<0.05). ERβ protein of COM-3 group was less than FSH group. Serum estradiol (E2) and FSH concentrations of COM-2 and COM-3 were lower than that of FSH group on day 30. Conclusion: FRBI could decrease UWT and UPT, also block the uterine development, decline expression levels of ERβ and FSHR protein. Additionally, FRBI reduced the secretion of secretion of FSH and E2. Downregulating expression of FSHR and ERβ may be a potential treatment regimen for cervical cancer patients.

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A STUDY OF BLASTOCYSTS DURING DELAY AND SUBSEQUENT IMPLANTATION IN LACTATING MICE

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0420453 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 453-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

ANNE McLAREN

Keyword(s):

Dna Synthesis ◽

Thymidine Incorporation ◽

Tritiated Thymidine ◽

Uterine Horn ◽

Uterine Epithelium ◽

Serial Sections ◽

Uterine Lumen ◽

Fresh State

SUMMARY Blastocysts were studied on the 5th and 8th day of pregnancy in lactating mice, in the fresh state, flushed from the uterus, in squash preparations and in serial sections. At the earlier period some mitosis was observed. Tritiated thymidine incorporation studies gave some evidence of DNA synthesis on the 5th and 6th days of pregnancy. By the 8th day the blastocysts were longer, contained more cells, and mitosis had ceased. They were located at the anti-mesometrial end of the uterine lumen, closely apposed to the uterine epithelium, and with their long axes parallel to the long axis of the uterine horn. Implantation could be induced, either by the removal of the litter, or by the injection of an appropriate dose of oestrogen on the 5th or 7th (but not the 4th) day of pregnancy. Both treatments were followed by the appearance of W-bodies in the neighbourhood of the blastocysts, the disappearance of the shed zonae, and the appearance of Pontamine Blue reactivity, oedema of the uterine stroma and formation of the primary decidual zone, in that order.

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Description of a closed pyometra on a wild boar (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus 1758)

Veterinarska stanica ◽

10.46419/vs.53.3.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Andreia Garcês ◽

Vanessa Soeira ◽

Sara Lóio ◽

Isabel Pires

Keyword(s):

Wild Boar ◽

Body Condition ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Unusual Case ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Advanced Age ◽

Uterine Lumen ◽

First Report ◽

Geriatric Conditions ◽

Large Uterus

Pyometra is a pus accumulation in the uterine lumen. This paper reports an unusual case of pyometra in a female Sus scrofa of Parque Biologico de Gaia (Avintes, Portugal). The animal was of advanced age, and the clinical signs (e.g., anorexia, lethargy) were originally associated with geriatric conditions. The animal presented a large uterus, which likely further contributed to the locomotion difficulties and poor body condition. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report of a close pyometra in wild boar (Sus scrofa, Linnaeus, 1758). However, this diagnosis must be taken into account during uterine evaluation and special attention must be given to its inspection in meat animals.

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Fetomaternal interactions and influences during equine pregnancy

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep.0.1210513 ◽

2001 ◽

pp. 513-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

WR Allen

Keyword(s):

Steroid Hormones ◽

Adrenal Glands ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Trophoblast Cells ◽

Maternal Circulation ◽

Invasive Phenotype ◽

Uterine Lumen ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Unusual Phenomenon ◽

Near Term

The equine embryo takes 6 days to traverse the oviduct and, when it finally enters the uterus, it remains spherical in shape and moves continually throughout the uterine lumen until day 17 after ovulation to deliver its maternal recognition of pregnancy signal to the entire endometrium. Between day 25 and day 35 after ovulation, the trophoblast cells of a discrete annulate portion of the chorion multiply rapidly and acquire an invasive phenotype and, between day 36 and day 38, migrate deeply into the maternal endometrium to form the equine-unique endometrial protuberances known as endometrial cups. These cups secrete large quantities of a gonadotrophic hormone (eCG) into the maternal circulation which, in conjunction with pituitary FSH, stimulates the development of accessory luteal structures in the maternal ovaries to supplement the supply of progesterone to maintain the pregnancy until the placenta can assume this role at about day 100. The non-invasive allantochorion extends slowly to fill the uterus by days 80-85 and its microcotyledonary architecture, which provides both haemotrophic and histotrophic nutrition for the growing fetus, is not fully established until days 120-140. The fetoplacental unit synthesizes large quantities of steroid hormones during the second half of pregnancy, using fetal C-19 precursors secreted by the enlarged fetal gonads for the production of oestrogens and maternal C-21 precursors for the synthesis of progesterone and large quantities of 5alpha-reduced progestagens. Near term, additional pregnenelone is secreted by the fetal adrenal glands so that the mare exhibits the unusual phenomenon of foaling while maternal serum progestagen concentrations are increasing and oestrogen concentrations are decreasing.

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Prostaglandin E(2) and F(2 alpha) production by equine conceptuses and concentrations in conceptus fluids and uterine flushings recovered from early pregnant and dioestrous mares

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep.0.1230261 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 261-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

TA Stout ◽

WR Allen

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Alternative Mechanism ◽

Uterine Lumen ◽

Expected Time ◽

Alpha Production ◽

Maternal Recognition Of Pregnancy ◽

Very High

A growing equine conceptus must suppress the cyclical release of PGF(2 alpha) from the endometrium to effect maternal recognition of its presence in the uterus. Paradoxically, the conceptus itself secretes PGF(2 alpha), together with other prostaglandins. In this study, the PGF(2 alpha) and PGE(2) content of, and production in vitro by, day 10-32 equine conceptuses were measured and the influence of pregnancy on the concentrations of these prostaglandins in the uterine lumen was examined. In vitro, the release of both prostaglandins per mg conceptus tissue was very high on day 10 after ovulation and lower thereafter. However, while PGF(2 alpha) production decreased further after day 18 of gestation, PGE(2) production remained high until day 32. Prostaglandin concentrations in yolk sac fluid were unaffected by gestational age and PGE(2) concentrations in this compartment were two to five times higher than PGF(2a) concentrations. PGF(2 alpha) concentrations reached high values in uterine flushings recovered from cyclic mares during days 14-16 after ovulation, the expected time of luteolysis, but were negligible in flushings recovered from pregnant mares at this time. Beyond day 18 of gestation, PGF(2 alpha) concentrations in uterine flushings were high and strikingly similar to those recorded during cyclical luteolysis. It is concluded that the equine conceptus effects maternal recognition of pregnancy primarily by inhibiting the ability of the endometrium to release PGF(2 alpha) during days 12-16 after ovulation. However, the conceptus appears to delay, rather than prevent, the development of the uterine PGF(2 alpha) release pathway and an alternative mechanism must prevent luteolysis from being triggered during days 18-32 of gestation.

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Effect of plasma concentrations of ovarian steroids on their passage into uterine lumen in rabbits

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1986.251.6.e654 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 251 (6) ◽

pp. E654-E659

Author(s):

H. Eiler

Keyword(s):

Transfer Process ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Selective Inhibition ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Ovarian Steroids ◽

Uterine Lumen ◽

Uterine Flushing ◽

Significant Increment

Significant increment of blood-borne ovarian steroids are found in the uterine lumen 1 h after mating. Is the transfer of ovarian steroids into the uterus determined by the peripheral blood concentrations of the ovarian steroids? To answer this question, rabbits, ovariectomized 24 h earlier, were infused over a 1-h period with either estradiol (E2; 0.7 and 7.0 micrograms/h), progesterone (P4; 74 and 740 micrograms/h), or testosterone (T; 0.45 and 4.5 micrograms/h). E2, P4, and T were determined in the tissue and flushings of the uterus and tissue and flushings of the esophagus and plasma. A different group of rabbits was infused with E2 (0.7 micrograms), P4 (74 micrograms), and T (0.45 microgram/h) combined. The increase in plasma steroid concentration after infusion of either E2, P4, or T was reflected in an elevation of these steroids in the uterine lumen, albeit not in the same ratios as found in plasma. The simultaneous infusion of E2, P4, and T blocked completely the passage of T and decreased (P less than 0.05) the passage of E2 into the lumen of the uterus. Treatments did not affect the steroid concentration in the wall of the uterus. It was concluded that the content of E2, P4, or T in the uterine flushing increased when E2, P4, or T was infused individually. However, when these steroids were infused together, there was selective inhibition of the transfer process.

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Uterine receptivity to the artificial deciduogenic agent, concanavalin A, in pseudopregnant QS mice

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd9951095 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1095 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JA Sakoff ◽

RN Murdoch

Keyword(s):

Vascular Permeability ◽

Concanavalin A ◽

Decidual Cell ◽

Uterine Receptivity ◽

Con A ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Minimum Period ◽

Uterine Lumen ◽

Copulatory Plug ◽

Uterine Growth

The present study was undertaken to define the 'window' of uterine receptivity in the Quackenbush Special (QS) mouse as gauged by the capacity of the uterus to mount a decidual cell reaction (DCR) in response to the lectin Concanavalin A (Con A). Con A failed to induce a DCR when administered into the uterine lumen on Day 3 of pseudopregnancy (Day 1, copulatory plug). However, it was partially effective between 0600 hours and 0900 hours on Day 4, totally effective between 1200 hours on Day 4 and 1500 hours on Day 5, and virtually ineffective from this time onwards. When uteri were examined at specific time intervals after stimulation with the lectin at 1200 hours on either Day 4 or Day 5, uterine weights were significantly greater in animals stimulated on Day 5. The greatest rate of uterine growth began on Day 6 irrespective of whether Con A was administered on Day 4 or Day 5. Animals stimulated on Day 5 of pseudopregnancy produced a significantly larger oedema response and an earlier vascular permeability response than those stimulated on Day 4. The results indicate that: (i) Con A is deciduogenic in pseudopregnant QS mice; (ii) uterine receptivity in these animals spans a minimum period of 27 h beginning at midday on Day 4 of pseudopregnancy; and (iii) the uterus displays different patterns of growth, oedema, and vascular permeability following stimulation at different times during the receptive period.

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The fate of isotope-labelled uterine spermatozoa in the mouse post coitum

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo9650525 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 525 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

BL Reid

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Peritoneal Cavity ◽

Tritiated Thymidine ◽

Uterine Wall ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Uterine Lumen ◽

Polymorphonuclear Granulocytes ◽

Uterine Mucosa ◽

Needle Track ◽

Degree Of Degradation

Isotopically labelled sperm was used to investigate the fate of the uterine sperm residue not used in the process of fertilization of the mouse. Portion of the sperm present in the uterus exhibiting a copulation plug was removed and replaced by intrauterine injection of sperm labelled either specifically by tritiated thymidine or non-specifically by exposure to a tritium source. The latter label was found more suitable for tracer use although the results with both methods were qualitatively similar. Seventeen hours after injection label was present in sperm in the lumen, in debris associated with polymorphonuclear granulocytes and monocytes in the lumen, in the epithelial and subepithelial coats of the mucosa and in phagocytic cells of the lower abdominal lymph nodes and spleen. The density of labelling was greatest in the sperm itself then fell away sharply and uniformly in the other sites. Label was present at this time in sperm spilled into the peritoneal cavity via the needle track. Associated with this spillage, label was seen in peritoneal polymorpho- nuclear granulocytes and macrophages, in macrophages of the uterine wall, and in phagocytic cells of the lymph nodes and spleen. The density of labelling was greatest in the sperm itself but the density decline in these other sites was less than in these same sites resulting from sperm retained wholly in the uterine lumen. Labelled sperm was present in all experiments in the vaginal lumen. The relation between the density of labelling and the degree of degradation of the sperm products is discussed and it is reasoned that the female cells are exposed to less degraded sperm products as a result of entry via the peritoneal cavity than entry via the uterine mucosa. This route may be thereby more effective as an antigenic stimulant.

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Intrauterine insemination in superovulated ewes:- the effects of depositing semen in one versus two uterine horns at 48 or 60 hours after progestagen withdrawal

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600010138 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 1989 ◽

pp. 12-12

Author(s):

J. M. Wallace ◽

J. J. Robinson ◽

R. P. Aitken

Keyword(s):

Present Experiment ◽

Intrauterine Insemination ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Uterine Lumen ◽

Natural Lighting ◽

Fertilization Rates ◽

Lighting Conditions ◽

Complete Diet ◽

The Right

The deposition of semen under laparoscopic visualisation directly into the uterine lumen alleviates the problem of low fertility in superovulated ewes. However, we have recently demonstrated that intrauterine insemination when carried out at 52 h after progestagen pessary withdrawal results in a significant reduction in the percentage of embryos recovered. This observation seemed to suggest that intrauterine insemination, the timing of which was chosen to coincide with ovulation, is interfering with collection of the oocytes by the fimbria or altering the rate of oocyte transport. The present experiment was carried out to test this hypothesis by assessing ovum recovery and fertilization rates following intrauterine insemination unilaterally in the right horn only or bilaterally, at either 48 or 60 h after progestagen pessary withdrawal.Twenty-five Finnish Landrace x Dorset Horn ewes were studied during seasonal anoestrus in May 1988. Ewes were individually penned under natural lighting conditions (57°N 2°W) and were offered 1.4 kg per day of a complete diet supplying 9 MJ of metabolizable energy/kg.

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Platelet-activating factor may act as an endogenous pulse generator for sheep of luteolytic PGF2αrelease

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.4.e783 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 276 (4) ◽

pp. E783-E792 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. Chami ◽

A. Megevand ◽

T. Ott ◽

F. Bazer ◽

C. O’Neill

Keyword(s):

Luteal Phase ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Pulse Generator ◽

Platelet Activating Factor ◽

Steroid Treatment ◽

Pulsatile Release ◽

Uterine Lumen ◽

Prostaglandin F ◽

Exogenous Progesterone ◽

Stimulation Of

Pulsatile release of uterine prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) induces luteolysis in ruminants. However, the mechanism(s) that initiates and maintains luteolysis has not been defined. The present study tested the hypothesis that the endogenous PGF2α pulse generator is uterine-derived platelet-activating factor (PAF). Ovariectomized ewes were given exogenous progesterone (P), estradiol (E), or both (P+E, mimicking the normal luteal phase). Only ewes treated with steroids released PAF into the uterine lumen and had increased PAF:acetylhydrolase activity in the uterine lumen. Steroid treatment also influenced the capacity of the uterus to release PGF2α in response to exogenous PAF. PAF infusion did not affect plasma PGF2α metabolite (PGFM) levels in control (no steroid treatment) ewes but increased plasma PGFM levels in P+E ewes ( P < 0.001) and ewes treated with P or E alone ( P < 0.05). Infusion of PAF followed by or coincident with oxytocin (OT) acted in a synergistic manner to increase plasma PGFM levels. Repeated infusion of PAF into the uterus at 1-h intervals induced tachyphylaxis of the PGFM response to PAF; however, sensitivity of the uterus to PAF returned spontaneously by the 6th h. Interferon-τ (IFN-τ) inhibits pulsatile release of PGF2αduring pregnancy to prevent luteolysis. Exogenous recombinant ovine IFN-τ (50 μg) inhibited the uterine response to PAF alone or the combined effects of PAF and OT. These results indicate that uterine PAF fulfills many of the criteria for an endogenous PGF2α pulse-generator: steroid induction of PAF production and uterine responsiveness to PAF-induced release of PGF; synergistic stimulation of PAF-induced PGF release by OT; inhibition of PAF effects by IFN-τ; and PAF’s ability to induce pulses of PGF with a periodicity during a period of chronic exposure of the uterus to PAF.

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