scholarly journals Factors leading to successful island rodent eradications following initial failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araceli Samaniego ◽  
Peter Kappes ◽  
Keith Broome ◽  
Steve Cranwell ◽  
Richard Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Failure

Republican conception of liberty in early republican Turkey and its contemporary implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 429-439
Author(s):  
Boğaç Erozan
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Republican Period ◽  
Initial Failure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Early Republican

Established in 1923, Turkey has been a republic without a dominant republican conception of liberty. A chance to install such a conception was missed in the early republican period and never recaptured. The republic was unable to get rid of vestiges of the authoritarian tradition of the past. Centuries-old authoritarian tradition persisted well into the recent and the contemporary periods. Presenting ample evidence, the article underlines the weight of history and the legacy of authoritarian mentality that promoted the use of authority, not liberty, in political problem-solving. The initial failure to abandon an authoritarian problem-solving approach proved fateful for the chances of the deepening of democracy in Turkey.

Angioplasty and Stenting for Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis With Nitinol Stent: Factors Affecting Technical Success and Patient Safety

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. ons104-ons113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Chun Ho Yu ◽  
Thomas Wai Hong Leung ◽  
Esther Hiu Yee Hung ◽  
Kwok Tung Lee ◽  
Lawrence Ka Sing Wong
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Failure Rate ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Technical Failure ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
End Points ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Vascular Morphology ◽  
Initial Failure ◽  
Angioplasty And Stenting

Abstract BACKGROUND: Angioplasty and stenting using nitinol stents is a recognized treatment option for intracranial atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE: To identify procedure-related factors that may affect patient safety and technical outcome. METHODS: In this prospective study of 57 consecutive patients, the primary end points were intraprocedural technical problems, periprocedure morbidity, and complications. Major periprocedure complication was defined as all stroke or death at 30 days. Technical failure was defined as the inability to complete the procedure because of technical or safety problems. Procedure failure was defined as a procedure outcome of technical failure or major periprocedure complication. Secondary end points were procedure-related factors that may affect patient safety and technical outcome. RESULTS: Procedure failure rate was 12.3% (7/57) (major periprocedure complication rate, 5.3% [3/57]; technical failure rate, 7% [4/57]). Initial failure in tracking of balloon or stent occurred in 20 patients, other technical problems occurred in 11 patients, including kinking or trapping of balloon catheter (2 cases), difficulty in unsheathing of stent (3 cases), forward migration of stent during deployment (4 cases), trapping of nose cone after stent deployment (1 case), fracture of delivery system (2 cases), and guidewire fracture (1 case). Unfavorable vascular morphology signified by the presence of 2 or more reverse curves along the access path was found to associate with initial failure in the tracking of instruments (OR = ∞), and occurrence of other technical problems (OR = 25). CONCLUSION: Procedure-related factors could be identified and lead to improvements in patient safety and technical outcome. Tortuous vascular morphology is a key factor to be overcome.

Probability of Initial Failure for Spring Operated Relief Valves

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia V. Bukowski ◽  
Robert E. Gross ◽  
William M. Goble
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Initial Failure ◽  
Safety Integrity Level ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
Section Viii

We present clear and convincing evidence that, for new spring operated relief valves (SORV) that are not proof tested by the user shortly before installation, there is a non-trivial probability that the SORV will be installed in the fail-to-open (stuck shut) failure mode. Using the results of over 4800 new ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII SORV proof tests, we estimate the probability of initial failure (PIF) due to manufacturer/assembly anomalies, as well as PIF due to in-storage aging of SORV based on their material composition. We indicate how PIF can be reduced by various preinstallation activities that may be undertaken by the user. We show how to compute values of PIF to be used in calculating the average probability of fail danger (PFDavg) (as required by IEC61508 and similar safety standards in order to determine a safety integrity level (SIL)) which accounts for both the SORV material composition and the pre-installation activities undertaken. For four typical SORV of different material compositions we show how pre-installation activities influence the achievable SIL. We discuss the implication of these findings for estimating PIF for used (previously installed) SORV. We close with recommendations to further address PIF.

Democracy, Transparency and the Apparent Demise of the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe

2006 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 9-35
Author(s):  
Cheryl Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Initial Failure ◽  
Constitution Making

The failure of any constitution-making process is deeply disappointing for some and a source of satisfaction for others. The satisfaction of the latter may be short, or at least not long-lived, however, if it subsequently turns out that the changes were necessary, or even demonstrably useful. Initial failure in a constitutional project is relatively common, for reasons that range from the difficulty of the process to the novelty and perceived significance of the issues at stake. Experience suggests, however, that, at least where the rationale for the constitutional proposals was sufficiently soundly based, failure may not be the end of the story. It follows that it makes sense to take stock after such an event: to identify what is lost that was of value; to determine what, if anything, might be improved, if another constitutional moment presents itself; and to consider whether constitutionalisation should be attempted again, or whether other mechanisms can be used instead.

scholarly journals Study on Initial Failure in Tension of Glass Woven Fabric/Epoxy Composite with Functional Interphase

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Kenichi SUGIMOTO ◽  
Toshiko OSADA ◽  
Nobuyoshi KAJIOKA ◽  
Asami NAKAI ◽  
Hiroyuki HAMADA
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Initial Failure

scholarly journals Reinforcement Effect of C and R Layer on Initial Failure Strength of CFRP Bolted Joints

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 189-203
Author(s):  
Toshifumi Fujii ◽  
Kazuo Nakajima ◽  
Yasuhiko Iwasaki ◽  
Naoki Mori ◽  
Takayuki Kusaka
Keyword(s):  
Bolted Joints ◽  
Failure Strength ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Initial Failure

scholarly journals Contagion in the Brazilian interbank currency exchange market: an empirical analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tannuri-Pianto
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Financial Contagion ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
Domino Effect ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Initial Failure ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
Financial Losses

The risk of contagion is the possibility that the failure of a financial institution affected by an exogenous shock generates the failure of other institutions not initially affected by the shock. As pointed out by Upper and Worms (2002) and others, the domino effect in the payment system depends on the precise pattern of interbank linkages. This paper studies the occurrence of financial contagion after the exogenous failure of an institution authorized to operate in the Brazilian interbank currency market. The data contain information about all the actual transactions that occurred in this market from August 1st, 2000 to October 31st, 2002. The adopted methodology shows the occurrence of contagion propagation in several subsequent rounds after the initial failure. We quantify the number of institutions that breakdown and the financial losses of the market. There is a large increase in the number of failed institutions during the period of the presidential elections in 2002.

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