Differentiation of
            Strongylus vulgaris
            ‐associated non‐strangulating intestinal infarctions from idiopathic peritonitis and acute colitis

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) is widely applicated as additives in foods for its excellent whitening and brightening capability. Although the toxicity and antibacterial activity of TiO2-NPs has been extensively studied,...

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Dietary Interventions to Prevent High Fructose Diet-associated Worsening of Colitis and Colitis-associated Tumorigenesis in Mice

Carcinogenesis ◽

10.1093/carcin/bgab007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ryohei Nishiguchi ◽

Srijani Basu ◽

Hannah A Staab ◽

Naotake Ito ◽

Xi Kathy Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Control Diet ◽

Experimental Colitis ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Diet Change ◽

Chronic Colitis ◽

Acute Colitis ◽

High Fructose Diet ◽

High Consumption ◽

High Fructose

Abstract Diet is believed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. High consumption of dietary fructose has been shown to exacerbate experimental colitis, an effect mediated through the gut microbiota. This study evaluated whether dietary alterations could attenuate the detrimental effects of a high fructose diet (HFrD) in experimental colitis. First, we determined whether the pro-colitic effects of a HFrD could be reversed by switching mice from a HFrD to a control diet. This diet change completely prevented HFrD-induced worsening of acute colitis, in association with a rapid normalization of the microbiota. Second, we tested the effects of dietary fiber, which demonstrated that psyllium was the most effective type of fiber for protecting against HFrD-induced worsening of acute colitis, compared to pectin, inulin or cellulose. In fact, supplemental psyllium nearly completely prevented the detrimental effects of the HFrD, an effect associated with a shift in the gut microbiota. We next determined whether the protective effects of these interventions could be extended to chronic colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Using the azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate model, we first demonstrated that HFrD feeding exacerbated chronic colitis and increased colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Using the same dietary changes tested in the acute colitis setting, we also showed that mice were protected from HFrD-mediated enhanced chronic colitis and tumorigenesis, upon either diet switching or psyllium supplementation. Taken together, these findings suggest that high consumption of fructose may enhance colon tumorigenesis associated with long-standing colitis, an effect that could be reduced by dietary alterations.

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Periplaneta americana Oligosaccharides Exert Anti-Inflammatory Activity through Immunoregulation and Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Acute Colitis Mice Model

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1718

Author(s):

Kaimin Lu ◽

Jing Zhou ◽

Jie Deng ◽

Yangjun Li ◽

Chuanfang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Mice Model ◽

Acute Colitis ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD) are increasing around the world due to bacterial infection, abnormal immune response, etc. The conventional medicines for IBD treatment possess serious side effects. Periplaneta americana (P. americana), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat arthritis, fever, aches, inflammation, and other diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of oligosaccharides from P. Americana (OPA) and its possible mechanisms in vivo. OPA were purified and biochemical characterization was analyzed by HPGPC, HPLC, FT-IR, and GC–MS. Acute colitis mice model was established, the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were tested in vivo. The results showed OPA with molecular mass of 1.0 kDa were composed of 83% glucose, 6% galactose, 11% xylose, and the backbone was (1→4)-Glcp. OPA had potent antioxidant activities in vitro and significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of colitis, relieved colon damage without toxic side effects in vivo. OPA exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by regulating Th1/Th2, reducing oxidative stress, preserving intestinal barrier integrity, and inhibiting TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, OPA protected gut by increasing microbial diversity and beneficial bacteria, and reducing pathogenic bacteria in feces. OPA might be the candidate of complementary and alternative medicines of IBD with low-cost and high safety.

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Tailored Hydrogels as Delivery Platforms for Conditioned Medium from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Model of Acute Colitis in Mice

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13081127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1127

Author(s):

Juan Sendon-Lago ◽

Lorena Garcia-del Rio ◽

Noemi Eiro ◽

Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez ◽

Leandro Avila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Body Weight ◽

Conditioned Medium ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Acute Colitis ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Ifn Γ

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is increasingly prevalent and current therapies are not completely effective. Mesenchymal stem cells are emerging as a promising therapeutic option. Here, the effect of local hydrogel application loaded with conditioned medium (CM) from human uterine cervical stem cells (hUCESC-CM) in an experimental acute colitis mice model has been evaluated. Colitis induction was carried out in C57BL/6 mice by dissolving dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for nine days. Ulcers were treated by rectal administration of either mesalazine (as positive control) or a mucoadhesive and thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with hUCESC-CM (H-hUCESC-CM). Body weight changes, colon length, and histopathological analysis were evaluated. In addition, pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ mRNA levels were measured by qPCR. Treatment with H-hUCESC-CM inhibited body weight loss and colon shortening and induced a significant decrease in colon mucosa degeneration, as well as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 mRNA levels. Results indicate that H-hUCESC-CM effectively alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice, suggesting that H-hUCESC-CM may represent an attractive cell-free therapy for local treatment of IBD.

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