Ethylene‐regulated leaf lifespan explains divergent responses of plant productivity to warming among three hydrologically different growing seasons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Ren ◽  
Guodong Han ◽  
Mai‐He Li ◽  
Cuiping Gao ◽  
Lin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Leaf Lifespan ◽  
Growing Seasons

Interspecific root interactions enhance photosynthesis and biomass of intercropped millet and peanut plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Xiaojin Zou ◽  
Zhanxiang Sun ◽  
Ning Yang ◽  
Lizhen Zhang ◽  
Wentao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Positive Root ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Interspecific Facilitation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Root Interactions ◽  
Root Barrier

Intercropping is commonly practiced worldwide because of its benefits to plant productivity and resource-use efficiency. Belowground interactions in these species-diverse agro-ecosystems can greatly contribute to enhancing crop yields; however, our understanding remains quite limited of how plant roots might interact to influence crop biomass, photosynthetic rates, and the regulation of different proteins involved in CO2 fixation and photosynthesis. We address this research gap by using a pot experiment that included three root-barrier treatments with full, partial and no root interactions between foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) across two growing seasons. Biomass of millet and peanut plants in the treatment with full root interaction was 3.4 and 3.0 times higher, respectively, than in the treatment with no root interaction. Net photosynthetic rates also significantly increased by 112–127% and 275–306% in millet and peanut, respectively, with full root interaction compared with no root interaction. Root interactions (without barriers) contributed to the upregulation of key proteins in millet plants (i.e. ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase; chloroplast β-carbonic anhydrase; phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2; and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and in peanut plants (i.e. ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; and phosphoglycerate kinase). Our results provide experimental evidence of a molecular basis that interspecific facilitation driven by positive root interactions can contribute to enhancing plant productivity and photosynthesis.

Patterns of Biogeochemistry in Alaskan Boreal Forests

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Valentine ◽  
Knut Kielland
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Element Cycling ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Data Gap

As the northernmost forest on Earth, boreal forests endure a combination of environmental challenges common only in subalpine forests elsewhere: extremely cold winters, short growing seasons, cold soils, and limited nutrient availability. Consequently, decomposition has lagged plant production, making circumpolar boreal forest soils one of the largest terrestrial reservoirs of carbon (C). Soil organic matter also constitutes a major source of nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), that promote plant productivity when released during decomposition. If current trends in high-latitude warming continue (Chapter 4), how will accelerated soil C losses from decomposition compare to the C gains from enhanced plant productivity? This remains an open question of great interest to climate modelers seeking to incorporate biological feedbacks into future generations of general circulation models. This chapter builds on earlier chapters on plants (Chapters 11 and 12), herbivores (Chapter 13), and soil microbes (Chapter 14) to describe the patterns and processes of C and N dynamics in Alaska’s boreal forest, paying particular attention to responses of these processes to the interacting influences of disturbance and climatic variations that occur across the landscape and through time. Other nutrients have received less attention in Alaskan research, and that data gap is reflected in this chapter. Interior Alaska’s boreal forest is a patchwork of successional forest types. The major physiographic zones into which we categorize them reflect the contrasting influences of two major disturbance types: fire in upland and lowland areas results in multiple secondary successional pathways, while a more ordered array of forest types results from a combination of primary succession and variation in flooding frequency during succession on active floodplains (Chapter 7). Within each general physiographic zone (uplands and lowlands, floodplains), differences in the postdisturbance environment further influence vegetation establishment, plant species composition, and, ultimately, element cycling. The state factor approach has proven useful in understanding landscape variation in biogeochemistry (Chapter 1; Van Cleve et al. 1991). As with other aspects of ecosystem function, element cycling reflects control exerted by major state factors: climate, parent material, potential vegetation, topography, and time since the most recent disturbance event.

Characterization of spelt collection samples (Triticum spelta L.) by elements of plant productivity structure and baking quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Morgun ◽  
◽  
S.M. Sichkar ◽  
V.M. Pochinok ◽  
A.K. Ninieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Triticum Spelta ◽  
Baking Quality

CORRELATION RELATIONS BETWEEN VALUABLE IRRIGATED SOIL PROPERTIES AND PLANT PRODUCTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Inobat Ruzieva ◽  
◽  
Inobat Ruzieva ◽  
Islom Xaitov ◽  
Ulug`berdi Xursanov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Productivity

ANALISIS KESESUAIAN LAHAN DAN EVALUASI JENIS TANAH DALAM BUDIDAYA TANAMAN TEBU UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN DAERAH KABUPATEN TEGAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daru Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Sugarcane Plant ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Suitability Map

The objectives of the research were to make land suitability map for sugarcane plant (Saccharum officinarum), to give recommendation of location including area for sugarcane plant cultivation and to increase sugarcane plant productivity. The research used maps overlay and Geographical Information System (GIS) which used Arch-View Spatial Analysis version 2,0 A in Remote Sensing Laboratory, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), Jakarta. The research was carried out in Tegal Regency starting from June to October 2004.The results of the research showed that the suitable, conditionally suitable, and not suitable land for sugarcane cultivation in Tegal Regency reached to a high of 20,227 ha, 144 ha, and 81,599 ha respectively. There were six most dominant kind of soil: alluvial (32,735 ha), grumosol 5,760 ha), mediteran (17,067 ha), latosol   (18,595 ha), glei humus (596 ha), and regosol (22,721 ha).

Monitoring of natural regeneration in a mixed deciduous forest

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Tabari ◽  
N. Lust
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Regeneration Phase

Monitoring  of natural regeneration in a dense semi-natural mixed hardwood forest on the  base    of ash, beech, oak and sycamore occurred over 3 years in the Aelmoeseneie  experimental    forest, Belgium. 40 permanent plots (4 m x 5 m) were selected in three  various humus types,    located in an ash stand and in an oak - beech stand. In all plots abundance  and top height of all    broad leaved regenerated species were determined at the end of the growing  seasons 1995 and    1998. In addition, the seedlings which appeared in the plots during 1996  and 1997 were    identified and followed up.    This study proves that in the investigated sites natural regeneration is  drastically poor and    diversity is low, in particular where the humus layer is more acidic (mull  moder) and the litter    layer is thick. No regeneration phase older than the seedling stage (h <  40 cm) is developed on    the different humus types. On average, total number of seedlings in 1995  amounts to 38    units/are in the ash stand and to 63 units/are in the oak - beech stand.  Survival rate over a 3-    year period is 37% and 42% respectively in the ash and oak - beech stands.  Total ingrowth    during the growing seasons 1996 and 1997 is virtually poor, indicating 16  and 8 units/are    respectively in above mentioned stands. Survival rate of occurring  seedlings, as well as the ingrowth of new seedlings are notably different (P < 0.05) according to the soil conditions of the    ash stand. Generally, the low presence of seedlings and the lack of  regeneration older than the    seedling stage reveal that the regeneration development encounters with a  critical problem. The    continuation of this process would likely result in a progressive  succession by the invasive and    the unwanted tree species.

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Katri Nissinen ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Laura Pikkarainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

The effect of seed rate and growing season on four oat cultivars: II. Culm morphology and panicle conformation

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. Jones ◽  
J. D. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Relative Length ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Length Increase ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYThe effects of low and high seed rates on height, culm and panicle morphology of four oat cultivars grown in field trials in two growing seasons were investigated. Significant differences were detected between cultivars in the number of extended culm internodes, panicle whorls initiated, total height, length of panicle and individual internodes. Differences in seed rate had no effect on the number of culm internodes, but high seed rate significantly reduced the whorl number in the panicle, total plant height, length of panicle and the three upper internodes. The fourth internode remained unaffected, but the lowermost internode showed a relative length increase at high seed rate. The interaction of cultivar x seed rate was significant for total height, and for the length of the central internodes, but the length of the panicle was similarly affected in all cultivars.Panicle conformation was markedly affected by seed rate; high population density caused a reduction in number of grain-bearing whorls, and reduced the number of spikelets and total grain weight per whorl, and 1000 grain weight particularly in the lowermost whorls. The percentage of husk in the grain was increased slightly at high seed rate. The effect of seed rate on culm and panicle morphology is discussed in relation to the development of stiffer-strawed oats.

The return to the technological frontier: The conditional effect of R&D on plant productivity in Finnish manufacturing

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eero Lehto ◽  
Petri Böckerman ◽  
Janne Huovari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Conditional Effect
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