Growth-Friendly Tax Structures: An Indicator-Based Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Wöhlbier ◽  
Gilles Mourre ◽  
Caterina Astarita
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Screening Algorithm ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Individual Indicator ◽  
Tax Structures ◽  
Tax Bases

Abstract This paper designs a horizontal indicator-based assessment methodology aimed at identifying those EU countries presenting a potential need and scope for shifting taxation away from labour to other tax bases less detrimental to growth. The assessment methodology, as a first step, selects a set of indicators measuring specific aspects of tax policy. Subsequently, for each individual indicator, performance thresholds are calculated based on a benchmarking approach. Finally, a screening algorithm based on commonly accepted findings from the relevant economic literature is used to assess the overall performance of a country in two policy areas, namely the need for a tax shift and the scope for it. Various robustness checks are performed.

scholarly journals Hedge effectiveness assesment in non-financial organizations: economic approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
P. Pankou
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Risk Hedging ◽  
Efficiency Theory ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Impact

The existing approaches to assessing the effectiveness of risk hedging with derivatives according to various criteria have been considered. As a result it was found that in economic literature it is not paid enough attention to the development of assessment methodology, which take into account the impact of risk hedging on the overall performance of the organization. In this regard, an economic approach to assessing the effectiveness of hedging has been proposed; it is based on the comparison two basic categories of the efficiency theory – the achieved effects and the associated costs. Within the framework of this approach the effects of hedging that affect the overallresult of the organization’s activities were proposed. Also the costs associated with hedging were systematized into external and internal. The essential content of the proposed economic approach is presented in comparison with other approaches, which contributes to understanding the criteria for assessment hedge effectiveness in each specific case. The application of the proposed economic approach in non-financial organizations will contribute to improving the quality of risk hedging by using performance assessment criteria that meet the current goals of the organization and the requirements of senior management.

TAX GAP AS A CONSEQUENCE OF UNPAID TAX LI-ABILITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 375-385
Author(s):  
RADAN KOSTIĆ ◽  
MILAN MIHAJLOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Tax Gap ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
The Subject

Tax evasion and grey economy are present in all countries. It’s es-timated that grey economy in developed EU countries is at around 10-15% of GDP, while it amounts to over 30% of GDP in Serbia. Therefore the subject of this paper is determining basic goals of Serbia’s tax policy, i.e. combating grey economy that complicates efficient resource allocation and slows down economic development, because economic subjects that are prone to tax evasion represent disloyal competi-tion to economic subjects that do business legally. In order to fight tax evasion, or-ganization and work of tax administration are of special importance.

scholarly journals State of Human Development: SAARC and Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hom Nath Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Human Development Report ◽  
Building Resilience ◽  
The Status ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Overall Performance

<p>Human Development Index (HDI) is the strongest and widely used measure of overall performance of countries. The '2014 Human Development Report <strong>- </strong>Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience' provides a fresh perspective on vulnerability and proposes ways to strengthen resilience. It highlights the need for both promoting people’s choices and protecting human development achievements. It takes the view that vulnerability threatens human development and, unless it is systematically addressed, progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable. Based on the light of this recent report launched on 24 July, 2014, here in this study, an attempt has been made to global highlights of the report, comparison of SAARC countries and remarks on the status of Nepal.</p><p>Economic Literature Vol.12 2014: 50-55</p>

scholarly journals EU TAX Strategy in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Koroleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Timely Response ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
The Eu

This article explores the EU's experience in finding tax revenues without compromising economic recovery. The EU's tax policy strategy envisages a stronger role for taxes in the development of a green, digital and inclusive Europe. It is recognized as fair to increase the tax burden on "polluters", digital and financial businesses, the largest corporations in the context of a single European economic space and fair tax competition of EU countries, excluding opportunities for tax base erosion. In 2021-2027 it is planned to increase the burden through the introduction of contributions on non-recycled plastic, border carbon adjustment mechanism, digital levy, financial transaction tax, revision of the CO2 emissions trading scheme. This could significantly complicate nonresident digital, financial and foreign economic activities in the EU, as well as the EU's international relations. The reform is controversial and requires revision, taking into account international agreements and the national interests of partner countries. The set of tactical measures involves updating the norms of legislation to meet the requirements of the digital economy, increasing trust and transparency in tax relations, convenience and simplicity of tax payments, and expanding cooperation between tax authorities of EU countries. The experience and prospects of the EU tax policy are significant for Russia both in terms of implementation of the best practices and in terms of timely response to possible dangers and threats related to the ongoing tax reforms in the EU.

scholarly journals Impacts of the tax policy change in the EU countries and the USA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-41
Author(s):  
Olena TYMCHENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Eu

Forty Years of Tax Law in Israel

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 738-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aharon Yoran
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Tax Bases

In order to determine what major developments have taken place in tax law in Israel over the last 40 years, it is first necessary to formulate criteria with which to estimate the importance or centrality of changes in tax legislation. The emphasis here is on legal developments (in legislation and case law) rather than on changes in the tax system and tax policy. In the field of taxation, legal, economic and social questions are, however, interlinked; and it is moreover, a legal tool — legislation — that determines the tax system and its composition of various tax bases.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF TAX REGULATION IN EU COUNTRIES: POSITIVE EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Yuriy Turyanskyy
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Tax Administration ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Tax Regulation

Introduction. Ukraine's active progress towards integration with the European social and economic space requires an update of domestic fiscal policy to ensure adequate cooperation with European countries. The need for changes in tax regulation in the context of integration processes actualises the issue of generalizing the features of fiscal policy in the EU with the identification of the most positive experience of reforming it. Methods. The following methds are used in conducting the research: systematic, institutional methods (to study the tax system and mechanisms for regulating tax relations in individual EU countries), the trend analysis method (to analyze the dynamics of tax rates and tax revenues in EU countries). Eurostat data on major tax aggregates of national accounts of different countries were used as an information source. Results. The current tax policy of EU countries is characterized by the co-ordination of the interests of each state, the abolition of inefficient elements of tax systems and the renunciation of nominal tax sovereignty. Bid sizes are not uniform and tax rates are quite low. The effectiveness of the EU tax system is manifested primarily in the distribution of taxes, that is, in their share in the overall structure of tax revenues. The highest is the share of indirect taxes, with the average value of the share of VAT fluctuating within 20-30%, the share of personal tax - within 8-30%. Considering the positive experience of the EU member states, the main directions of transformation of tax regulation of Ukraine are the implementation of EU norms in the field of taxation into the legal system and tax practice: improvement of tax policy principles, as well as modification of the national structure of tax types in accordance with European standards; ensuring the systematic and efficient functioning of the internal taxation regime and the tax administration process. Discussion. Further scientific research should cover the development and use of state-of-the-art analytical tools for tax burden forecasting and fiscal regulation effectiveness. Keywords: tax system, fiscal policy, tax burden, tax administration, taxpayers, European integration, economic integration.

scholarly journals Producción local de perfiles de aluminio y su impacto en la construcción de viviendas

ECA Sinergia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Johanna Michelle Armijos Naula ◽  
Mariuxi Katherine Bosquez López ◽  
Ángel Enrique Zapata Barros
Keyword(s):  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Impact Assessment Methodology ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Impact

Dentro de los acabados de viviendas, los materiales más empleados son los perfiles de aluminio que en la localidad se dedica a la comercialización de este insumo que en general son importados. Por ello, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto que tendría la sustitución de las importaciones por producción local de perfiles de aluminio en los costos y el desempeño en general de la industria de la construcción en la provincia. Para ello se empleó la metodología de evaluación de impacto de la Unión Europea 2006 compuesta por ocho pasos, además se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo de carácter no experimental, que permitió evaluar el efecto económico de forma objetiva mediante la aplicación de técnicas como encuestas y entrevistas, las mismas que al ser analizadas permitieron sostener la hipótesis siguiente: la producción local de perfiles de aluminio reduce significativamente los costos de construcción de una vivienda.   Palabras clave: Productividad; extrusión; importaciones; inversión; efecto económico.   ABSTRACT   Within the finishes of housing, the most used material are the aluminium profiles themselves that in the locality is dedicated to the commercialization of this input that are usually imported. Therefore, this investigation aims to analyze the impact of replacing imports with local production of aluminium profiles on the costs and overall performance of the construction industry in the province. To this end, the European Union’s eight-step impact assessment methodology was used, and a non-experimental quantitative approach was also used, since it allowed the economic effect to be assessed objectively through the application of techniques such as surveys and interviews themselves that when analyzed made it possible to sustain the hypothesis following: local production of aluminium profiles significantly reduces the costs of building a home.   Keywords: Productivity; extrusion; imports; investment; economic effect.

scholarly journals Components of an overall performance assessment methodology

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Davis ◽  
Laura Price ◽  
Krishan Wahi ◽  
Michael Goodrich ◽  
David Gallegos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Overall Performance

Electron sources: Past, present, and future

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
David C Joy
Keyword(s):  
Glass Tube ◽  
Source Size ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Overall Performance

The electron source is the most important component of the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) since it is this which will determine the overall performance of the machine. The gun performance can be described in terms of quantities such as its brightness, its source size, its energy spread, and its stability and, depending on the chosen application, any of these factors may be the most significant one. The task of the electron gun in an SEM is, in fact, particularly difficult because of the very wide range of operational parameters that may be required e.g a variation in probe size of from a few angstroms to a few microns, and a probe current which may go from less than a pico-amp to more than a microamp. This wide range of operating parameters makes the choice of the optimum source for scanning microscopy a difficult decision.Historically, the first step up from the sealed glass tube ‘cathode ray generator’ was the simple, diode, tungsten thermionic emitter.

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