scholarly journals Rethinking the Hispanic Paradox: The Mortality Experience of Mexican Immigrants in Traditional Gateways and New Destinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fenelon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
New Destinations ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research suggests that favorable health outcomes among Mexican immigrants reflect high levels of social support in enclave communities with high co-ethnic density. This study examines the mortality outcomes of Mexican immigrants in the United States in traditional gateways versus new and minor destinations. Mexican immigrants in new and minor destinations have a significant survival advantage over those in traditional gateways, reflecting less established communities in new destinations. This finding casts doubt on the protective effects of enclaves, since non-traditional destinations have less established immigrant communities. Future research should reevaluate the relationship between community ethnic composition, social support, and immigrant health.

scholarly journals Age Differences in the Relationship Between Daily Social Media Usage and Affect

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 410-410
Author(s):  
Xin Yao Lin ◽  
Margie Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Time

Abstract Social media platforms allow people to connect and share content online (e.g., Facebook, Twitter). Although older adults are becoming more frequent users of social media, there continue to be mixed views on whether social media positively or negatively impacts well-being. Past studies have mainly focused on cross-sectional analyses for individual differences. However, both the time spent on social media and one’s affect can fluctuate on a daily basis. Thus, it is important to understand how the relationship between daily social media usage and affect varies within individuals from day to day. The current study adds to the literature by examining whether daily variations in time spent with social media are related to daily positive and negative affect and whether there are age differences in these relationships. The current study used an eight-day daily diary from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Refresher dataset for 782 participants (ages 25-75). Multilevel modeling results revealed that age moderated the relationship between daily time spent on social media and negative affect: for younger adults, on days when they spent more time on social media, they had more negative affect. For older adults, on days when they spent more time on social media, they had less negative affect. Surprisingly, daily time spent on social media was not related to daily positive affect, nor did this relationship differ by age. Implications for future research are discussed with a focus on how social media usage can contribute to daily well-being for adults of different ages.

Immigrant Context and Opportunity

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenoa Flippen ◽  
Eunbi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Immigrant Incorporation ◽  
New Destinations ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship

Immigrant-origin populations, once overwhelmingly concentrated in a handful of receiving gateways, have dispersed in recent decades to scores of new destinations throughout the United States. This pattern and its implications for immigrant incorporation have received a great deal of attention, but the vast majority of research has focused on Hispanics. This article examines the relationship between settlement patterns and socioeconomic attainment (income, occupational status, and homeownership) among Asians. Drawing on individual- and metro-level information from the 2009 to 2011 American Community Survey, results suggest that Asians in new destinations face an important tradeoff between income and homeownership, and that differences across contexts are largely attributable to metropolitan labor and housing market conditions, rather than the ethnic context per se. However, there are important differences in outcomes among Asians by national origin and sex, and a comparison with whites suggests that inequality differs across new and more established Asian settlement areas.

14. Political Democracy and State Repression

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Davenport
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
State Repression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This chapter explores the relationship between political democracy and state repression. Afer providing an overview of the democracy–repression link, it considers what research has been conducted on the topic and also what has been ignored. It uses the United States and its treatment of African Americans as an example of how existing research in this field should change, as well as to emphasize the importance of disaggregation (regarding institutions, actors, and actions). The chapter concludes by suggesting directions for future research. It argues that researchers need to improve the way in which they think about the relationship between democracy and repression, and that they need to modify how they gather information about democracy and repression.

City Newcomers’ Adaptation to Urban Life, Personal Well-Being, and Social Support

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201-1214
Author(s):  
Tianqiong Xia ◽  
Yifu Wang ◽  
Qiyi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
The Relationship

We evaluated the level of adaptation of city newcomers (CNs) to urban life in China, and their personal well-being, and explored the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between these variables. We used a 2-stage sampling method to recruit 314 participants who completed the Adaptation to Urban Life Scale, Social Support Scale, and Personal Well-Being Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to test full and partial mediation effects. Findings showed that there was a significant correlation between the extent of CNs’ positive adaptation to urban life and their personal well-being. In addition, social support was beneficial for CNs’ personal well-being, and partially mediated the relationship between CNs’ adaptation to urban life and personal well-being. In addition, the adaptation to urban life dimensions of employment prospects, living conditions, and urban environment predicted CNs’ personal well-being. Implications of the findings are discussed, along with directions for future research.

Informal Support, Health, and Burden Among Parents of Adult Children With Autism

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1112-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina N Marsack ◽  
Faith P Hopp
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Informal Social Support ◽  
Caregiver Health ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background and Objectives Many adults with autism spectrum disorders require lifelong reliance on caregiver support. As these caregivers age and experience health challenges, social support can be critical. This study seeks to understand if caregiver health moderates the relationship between informal social support and caregiver burden. Research Design and Methods A total of 320 parents (age 50+ years) of adult children diagnosed with ASD were recruited from autism organizations and support groups and completed a web-based survey. Separate moderation analyses were used to determine if caregiver health was moderating the relationship between informal social support and composite caregiver burden, as well as the separate domains of developmental, time dependence, emotional burden, and impact of caregiving on finances. For each analysis, perceptions of available informal social support were the independent variable, composite and domains of caregiver burden were dependent variables, and parents’ self-reported general health was the moderating variable. Results Caregiver health had a statistically significant moderating effect when predicting the relationships between informal social support and composite caregiver burden, as well as time dependence burden and impact of caregiving on finances. Discussion and Implications Increased attention should be focused on supporting the current and future needs of both aging caregivers and their adult children with ASD. Future research on the dynamics of social support, health, and burden is also urgently needed to address the growing number of aging caregivers of adults diagnosed with ASD.

A kind of Religious Coping: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Consolation in the Lutheran Tradition

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard M. Hummel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Religious Coping ◽  
Community Psychology ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Event Reporting ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Relationship

Building on the theoretical research of community psychology and cultural psychology, I focus in this paper on these two questions: What kind of religious coping is practiced by some members of the Lutheran tradition? What does an understanding of the relationship between the tradition and religious coping of these members indicate that may be distinctive or unexpected about their religious coping? I do this by: reviewing the background of my research in community psychology, cultural psychology, and tradition-specific research on religious coping – particularly in the United States; outlining a method for a qualitative study of nine Lutheran co-researchers in the United States who had experienced a significant negative event; reporting some of the results of that study; using the results of the study to discuss the two questions above; concluding with some suggestions for future research of the specific religious traditions in which religious coping phenomena may occur, and of the phenomena of religious coping in specific religious traditions.

Posttraumatic Growth as a Mediator of Self-Blame and Happiness in the Context of Interpersonal Violence

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1088-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Moschella ◽  
Sidney Turner ◽  
Victoria L. Banyard
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Sexual assault (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV) occur at alarming rates in the United States. Prior research indicates that victims of traumatic events frequently experience both positive and negative changes as part of their recovery process. The present study aimed to further existing research by examining the relationship between self-blame, posttraumatic growth (PTG), and happiness when controlling for posttraumatic stress and time since victimization. The current study analyzed 357 women who had experienced at least one incident of SA or IPV. We found that PTG partially mediated the relationship between self-blame and happiness, suggesting that PTG only somewhat explains the impact of self-blame on victim happiness. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Amenable Resilience Factors that Moderate and/or Mediate the Relationship between Childhood Adversity and Mental Health in Young People

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Fritz ◽  
Anne de Graaff ◽  
Helen Caisley ◽  
Anne-Laura Van Harmelen ◽  
Paul O. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
The Relationship

THIS IS A PRE-PRINT OF AN ARTICLE PUBLISHED IN "FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY - SPECIAL ISSUE: RESILIENCE, LIFE EVENTS, TRAJECTORIES AND THE BRAIN (9: 230)". THE FINAL AUTHENTICATED VERSION IS AVAILABLE ONLINE AT: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00230Background: Up to half of Western children and adolescents experience at least one type of childhood adversity. Individuals with a history of childhood adversity have an increased risk of psychopathology. Resilience enhancing factors reduce the risk of psychopathology following childhood adversity. A comprehensive overview of empirically supported resilience factors is critically important for interventions aimed to increase resilience in young people. Moreover, such an overview may aid the development of novel resilience theories. Therefore, we conducted the first systematic review of social, emotional, cognitive and/ or behavioural resilience factors after childhood adversity.Methods: We systematically searched Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scopus (e.g. including MEDLINE) for English, Dutch and German literature. We included cohort studies that examined whether a resilience factor was a moderator and/ or a mediator for the relationship between childhood adversity and psychopathology in young people (mean age 13-24). Therefore, studies were included if the resilience factor was assessed prior to psychopathology, and childhood adversity was assessed no later than the resilience factor. Study data extraction was based on the STROBE report and study quality was assessed with an adapted version of Downs and Black’s scale. The preregistered protocol can be found at: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42016051978.Results: The search identified 1969 studies, of which 22 were included (eight nationalities, study sample n range: 59-6780). We found empirical support for 13 of 25 individual-level (e.g. high self-esteem, low rumination), six of 12 family-level (e.g. high family cohesion, high parental involvement), and one of five community-level resilience factors (i.e. high social support), to benefit mental health in young people exposed to childhood adversity. Single versus multiple resilience factor models supported the notion that resilience factors should not be studied in isolation, and that interrelations between resilience factors should be taken into account when predicting psychopathology after childhood adversity.Conclusions: Interventions that improve individual, family, and/ or social support resilience factors may reduce the risk of psychopathology following childhood adversity. Future research should scrutinize whether resilience factors function as a complex interrelated system that benefits mental health resilience after childhood adversity.

“I Didn’t Know Where To Go”: An Examination of Stop It Now!’s Sexual Abuse Prevention Helpline

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (20) ◽  
pp. 4225-4253
Author(s):  
Billie-Jo Grant ◽  
Ryan T. Shields ◽  
Joan Tabachnick ◽  
Jenny Coleman
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hidden Population ◽  
Sexually Abusive ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines data from Stop It Now!’s Helpline in the United States primarily over a 5-year, 3-month period and offers insights into the needs of individuals and families confronting issues related to child sexual abuse (CSA). Stop It Now!’s Helpline serves the global community by providing support, information, and guidance to those in need, such as helping to identify and respond to warning signs of sexually abusive behaviors in adults, adolescents, or children. More than 7,000 ( N = 7,122) nonidentifiable user records are the subject of this inquiry and reflect individuals who contacted the Helpline between December 1, 2012, and March 7, 2018. The article also places this analysis in a larger context through an overview that includes total user count of this service since its inception in 1995 ( N = 21,030). Descriptive statistics revealed that the majority of Helpline users identified as bystanders, family members, or friends/acquaintances of an individual at risk to abuse. The majority of users knew both the person at risk to abuse (adult or youth) and the child at risk of being abused. Twelve percent of users had questions or concerns about their own feelings and/or behaviors that were or could be putting a child at risk of sexual abuse. Chi-square tests examined the relationship between Helpline contact type, level of assessment, and gender. Findings provide insights into this hidden population of individuals at risk to abuse, those who have abused, as well as their friends and families who are seeking support. Study findings also reinforce the importance of CSA prevention helplines that focus on reducing the isolation and secrecy that creates conditions which make children more vulnerable to abuse. Implications for future research and prevention programming are also discussed.

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