The IgG subclass antibody response to an inhalant antigen (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) during the first year of life: evidence for early stimulation of the immune system following natural exposure

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. MARIANI ◽  
J. F. PRICE ◽  
D. M. KEMENY
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Mislitsky ◽  
S. S. Tkachuk ◽  
Yu. G. Masikevich ◽  
I. P. Burdenyuk ◽  
M. D. Perepelyuk ◽  
...  

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Pastorello ◽  
C. Incorvaia ◽  
A. Gerosa ◽  
D. Vassellatti ◽  
M. Italia ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Iván Enrique Naranjo Logroño ◽  
Leslie Gricel Cuzco Macías ◽  
Alison Tamara Ruiz Chico ◽  
Anthony Alfonso Naranjo Coronel

Introduction: The human microbiome refers to the presence of microorganisms that live with its host. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the maternal perinatal microbiome and the development of the infant’s immune system, at the origins of the development of health and disease. Methodology: A non-systematic bibliographic review was carried out, including those controlled and randomized clinical trials focused on the relationship of the prenatal maternal microbiome and the infant’s immune system. And all those works whose approach was different from the topic raised were excluded. Discussion: 20 min after birth, the microbiome of newborns by vaginal delivery resembles the microbiota of their mother’s vagina, while those born by caesarean section house microbial communities that are usually found in human skin. The acquisition of the microbiome continues during the first years of life, with a microbiome of the baby’s gastrointestinal tract beginning to resemble that of an adult from the first year of life. Conclusion: Bacteria are microorganisms that have managed to colonize the vast majority of land surfaces, showing great adaptability. The human being is not indifferent, and hypotheses have been raised that affirm his participation in the development of health and the onset of the disease. Keywords: microbiota, inmune system, infant nutritional physiological phenomena. RESUMEN Introducción: El microbioma humano se refiere a la presencia de microorganismos que conviven con su hospedero. Objetivo: Analizar la relación existente entre el microbioma materno perinatal y el desarrollo del sistema inmune del lactante, en los orígenes del desarrollo de la salud y enfermedad. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica no sistemática, donde se incluyeron aquellos ensayos clínicos controlados y randomizados enfocados en la relación del microbioma materno prenatal y el sistema inmune del lactante. Y se excluyeron todos aquellos trabajos cuyo enfoque fue diferente al tema planteado. Resultados: Se encontraron 61 fuentes bibliográficas, de las cuales se incluyeron 53 artículos que contenían la información relacionada al tema y publicados en los últimos 11 años. Discusión: 20 min después del nacimiento, el microbioma de los recién nacidos por parto vaginal se asemeja a la microbiota de la vagina de su madre, mientras que los nacidos por cesárea albergan comunidades microbianas que generalmente se encuentran en la piel humana. La adquisición del microbioma continúa durante los primeros años de vida, con un el microbioma del tracto gastrointestinal del bebé comienza a parecerse al de un adulto desde el primer año de vida. Conclusiones: Las bacterias, son microorganismos que han logrado colonizar la gran mayoría de las superficies terrestres, mostrando una gran capacidad de adaptación. El ser humano, no es indiferente, y se han planteado hipótesis que aseveran su participación en el desarrollo de la salud e inicio de la enfermedad. Palabras clave: microbiota, sistema inmunológico, fenómenos fisiológicos nutricionales del lactante.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Galina S. Lupandina-Bolotova ◽  
Aliya A. Revina ◽  
Dmitry A. Ignatov

Introduction. The development of a child in the first year of life provides the basis for their further harmonious growth. Motor development occurs in parallel with the ongoing gradual development of the nervous system. The transition to a new motor milestone is associated with the emergence of new skills; therefore, stimulation of motor development should occur in accordance with the next milestone of the nervous system development. Intervention in the natural process of the skills gaining without considering the developmental nervous system milestone leads to a change in the trajectory of motor progress of the child. Aim of the study was to assess the significance of individual elements of motor development for the function of balance and walking, as well as to identify the role of non-physiologic (contradicting motor ontogenesis) stimulation of motor skills in the evolvement of non-optimal motor patterns and impaired balance and walking function. Materials and methods. In total, 43 children aged ≥ 12 months admitted to the «Consultative Diagnostic Department» of the Federal State Autonomous Institution «National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health» of the Ministry of Health of Russia were examined within the framework of dispensary observation in the period from December 2016 to June 2019. The assessment of motor development was carried out according to the tests and questionnaires developed. The children were divided into two groups: the treatment group, in which the intervention was carried out, and the control group. Results. The frequency of realization of physiological patterns in children in the treatment group was 65.5%, and in the control group was 89.6%. The occurrence of the functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system was as follows: pathological functional kyphosis in the lumbar spine in children in the treatment group occurred in 73.1%, and in the control group in 26.9%; sitting on the sacrum occurred in 73.1% in the treatment group, and 26.9 % in the control group; impaired coordination in the treatment group occurred in 53.9%, and in 46.1% in the control group; decreased balance function in the treatment group occurred in 61.5%, and in 38.5% in the control group. Conclusion. Correct interaction with a child in the first year of life, in combination with physiological stimulation corresponding to the developmental milestones of the nervous system, allows the child to implement their motor skills in a timely manner, without disrupting the natural sequence of motor development, and minimizes the risks of functional disorders of the musculoskeletal system.


Author(s):  
Н.В. Зильберберг ◽  
М.М. Кохан ◽  
Ю.В. Кениксфест

Атопический дерматит – широко распространенный хронический дерматоз мультифакториальной природы с превалирующей долей генетического компонента и сложным патогенезом. В патогенезе атопического дерматита важную роль играет наследственная детерминированность, приводящая к нарушению состояния кожного барьера, дефектам иммунной системы (стимуляция Th2-клеток с последующей гиперпродукцией IgE); гиперчувствительность к аллергенам и неспецифическим раздражителям, колонизации кожи и слизистых патогенными микроорганизмами, а также дисбаланс вегетативной нервной системы с повышением продукции медиаторов воспаления. К генетическим факторам развития атопического дерматита относят наличие мутации гена филаггрина, приводящей к нарушению функции эпидермального барьера при атопическом дерматите, а также семейный анамнез атопического дерматита и других атопических заболеваний. С дефектами иммунной системы связано развитие воспалительной реакции в коже с участием Т-лимфоцитов. В острую фазу заболевания преобладает Th2-ответ, когда происходит стимуляция Th2-клеток с последующей гиперпродукцией специфических IgE; в хроническую – происходит переключение с Th2- на Th1-иммунный ответ. В патофизиологические механизмы атопического дерматита вовлечены ряд интерлейкинов и ИФН-γ, которым для передачи сигнала требуется участие внутриклеточной сигнальной системы JAK/STAT, в том числе Янус-киназы 1-го типа. Заболевание развивается обычно в первые 2 года жизни и в 2/3 случаев сохраняется во взрослом возрасте, при этом 45% всех случаев начала заболевания приходится на первые 6 месяцев жизни: в 60% случаев заболевание развивается в течение первого года жизни и в 85% случаев в возрасте до 5 лет. В зрелом возрасте кожный процесс сохраняется у 38-42% больных. С течением времени подходы к терапии дерматоза претерпевали значительные изменения. В настоящей статье приведен актуальный обзор результатов клинических исследований препарата упадацитиниб в лечении больных атопическим дерматитом взрослых и подростков. Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic dermatosis of multifactorial nature with prevalence of genetic component and complex pathogenesis. In the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, an important role is played by hereditary determinism, leading to a violation of the state of the skin barrier, defects of the immune system (stimulation of Th2 cells with subsequent overproduction of IgE); hypersensitivity to allergens and nonspecific irritants, colonization of the skin and mucous membranes by pathogenic microorganisms, as well as an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system with an increase in the production of inflammatory mediators. The genetic factors for the development of atopic dermatitis include the presence of a mutation in the filaggrin gene, leading to dysfunction of the epidermal barrier in atopic dermatitis, as well as a family history of atopic dermatitis and other atopic diseases. The development of an inflammatory reaction in the skin with the participation of T-lymphocytes is associated with defects in the immune system. In the acute phase of the disease, the Th2 response predominates, when Th2 cells are stimulated with subsequent overproduction of specific IgE; in chronic – there is a switch from Th2- to Th1-immune response. A number of interleukins and IFN-γ, which require the participation of the JAK/STAT signaling system, including Janus kinase, are involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of atopic dermatitis. The disease usually develops in the first 2 years of life, and in 2/3 of cases persists into adulthood, while 45% of all cases of onset of the disease occur in the first 6 months of life: in 60% of cases, the disease develops during the first year of life and in 85% cases under the age of 5 years. In adulthood, the skin process persists in 38-42% of patients. Over time, approaches to the treatment of thedermatosis have undergone significant changes. This article provides an up-to-date review of the results of clinical trials of the drug upadacitinib in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susheel Bhanu Busi ◽  
Laura de Nies ◽  
Janine Habier ◽  
Linda Wampach ◽  
Joëlle V. Fritz ◽  
...  

AbstractCaesarean section delivery (CSD) disrupts mother-to-neonate transmission of specific microbial strains and functional repertoires as well as linked immune system priming. Here we investigate whether differences in microbiome composition and impacts on host physiology persist at 1 year of age. We perform high-resolution, quantitative metagenomic analyses of the gut microbiomes of infants born by vaginal delivery (VD) or by CSD, from immediately after birth through to 1 year of life. Several microbial populations show distinct enrichments in CSD-born infants at 1 year of age including strains of Bacteroides caccae, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Ruminococcus gnavus, whereas others are present at higher levels in the VD group including Faecalibacterium prausnitizii, Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense. The stimulation of healthy donor-derived primary human immune cells with LPS isolated from neonatal stool samples results in higher levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the case of CSD extracts over time, compared to extracts from VD infants for which no such changes were observed during the first year of life. Functional analyses of the VD metagenomes at 1 year of age demonstrate a significant increase in the biosynthesis of the natural antibiotics, carbapenem and phenazine. Concurrently, we find antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes against several classes of antibiotics in both VD and CSD. The abundance of AMR genes against synthetic (including semi-synthetic) agents such as phenicol, pleuromutilin and diaminopyrimidine are increased in CSD children at day 5 after birth. In addition, we find that mobile genetic elements, including phages, encode AMR genes such as glycopeptide, diaminopyrimidine and multidrug resistance genes. Our results demonstrate persistent effects at 1 year of life resulting from birth mode-dependent differences in earliest gut microbiome colonisation.


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