Maternal Prenatal Microbiome and Infant’s Immune System at the Origins of the Development of Health and Disease

Introduction: The human microbiome refers to the presence of microorganisms that live with its host. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the maternal perinatal microbiome and the development of the infant’s immune system, at the origins of the development of health and disease. Methodology: A non-systematic bibliographic review was carried out, including those controlled and randomized clinical trials focused on the relationship of the prenatal maternal microbiome and the infant’s immune system. And all those works whose approach was different from the topic raised were excluded. Discussion: 20 min after birth, the microbiome of newborns by vaginal delivery resembles the microbiota of their mother’s vagina, while those born by caesarean section house microbial communities that are usually found in human skin. The acquisition of the microbiome continues during the first years of life, with a microbiome of the baby’s gastrointestinal tract beginning to resemble that of an adult from the first year of life. Conclusion: Bacteria are microorganisms that have managed to colonize the vast majority of land surfaces, showing great adaptability. The human being is not indifferent, and hypotheses have been raised that affirm his participation in the development of health and the onset of the disease. Keywords: microbiota, inmune system, infant nutritional physiological phenomena. RESUMEN Introducción: El microbioma humano se refiere a la presencia de microorganismos que conviven con su hospedero. Objetivo: Analizar la relación existente entre el microbioma materno perinatal y el desarrollo del sistema inmune del lactante, en los orígenes del desarrollo de la salud y enfermedad. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica no sistemática, donde se incluyeron aquellos ensayos clínicos controlados y randomizados enfocados en la relación del microbioma materno prenatal y el sistema inmune del lactante. Y se excluyeron todos aquellos trabajos cuyo enfoque fue diferente al tema planteado. Resultados: Se encontraron 61 fuentes bibliográficas, de las cuales se incluyeron 53 artículos que contenían la información relacionada al tema y publicados en los últimos 11 años. Discusión: 20 min después del nacimiento, el microbioma de los recién nacidos por parto vaginal se asemeja a la microbiota de la vagina de su madre, mientras que los nacidos por cesárea albergan comunidades microbianas que generalmente se encuentran en la piel humana. La adquisición del microbioma continúa durante los primeros años de vida, con un el microbioma del tracto gastrointestinal del bebé comienza a parecerse al de un adulto desde el primer año de vida. Conclusiones: Las bacterias, son microorganismos que han logrado colonizar la gran mayoría de las superficies terrestres, mostrando una gran capacidad de adaptación. El ser humano, no es indiferente, y se han planteado hipótesis que aseveran su participación en el desarrollo de la salud e inicio de la enfermedad. Palabras clave: microbiota, sistema inmunológico, fenómenos fisiológicos nutricionales del lactante.

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Factors Associated with Maternal Opinion of Infant Development—Clues to the Vulnerable Child?

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.69.5.537 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 537-543

Author(s):

Marie C. McCormick ◽

Sam Shapiro ◽

Barbara Starfield

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Development ◽

Infant Health ◽

Subsequent Development ◽

First Year ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Slow Development ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

A mother's expectations about the development of her infant have been found to be a strong determinant of child development, but little is known about the factors that may affect maternal assessment of development. In this study, the relationship of the mother's opinion of the development of her infant with several sociodemographic, antenatal, intrapartum, and infant health variables was examined for a large sample of 1-year-old infants for whom gross motor observations were also obtained at the time of the interview. Among those observed to be developing at an appropriate rate, 4.0% were perceived by their mothers as developing more slowly than the mothers considered normal; among infants developing more slowly, 28.6% were considered to be developing slowly by their mothers. In both groups, the major determinants of maternal opinion of slow development concerned the infant's health: low birth weight, congenital anomalies regardless of severity, hospitalization during the first year of life, and high ambulatory care use. These results indicate that maternal perception of infant development may not reflect the infant's level, but past or present illness, and raise questions about the influence of infant health on maternal-infant interactions and the effect of such interactions on subsequent development in the child.

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The Relationship of Early Behaviour to Later Developmental Outcome for Preterm Children

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/016502549601900304 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 517-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jaroslava Dittrichová ◽

Václav Břicháček ◽

František Mandys ◽

Karel Paul ◽

Daniela Sobotková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Environment ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Early Identification ◽

Developmental Outcomes ◽

First Year ◽

The Social ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The present study aimed, first, to analyse in detail early sleep states in 21 preterm infants born before the 33rd week of gestational age and compare them with sleep states in 23 fullterm infants assessed at gestationally matched ages in the first six months. Second, to determine whether analyses of early sleep states in preterm infants may enable identification of infants with future developmental disabilities. In addition to evaluations of perinatal risk factors, neurological condition, psychological development, and social environment during the first year of life, examinations of psychological and neurological development and the assessment of the social environment at 3 and 9 years were carried out. Measures of perinatal status and sleep states up to the age of 40 weeks gestational age did not correlate with outcome measures at 3 and 9 years. However, the polygraphic measures of sleep states at 12 and 24 weeks corrected age, predicted the 3-year developmental outcomes. The complexity of these measures may contribute to their predictive validity for the outcomes at 3 years. Measures of the social environment at 3 and 9 years contributed significantly to the prediction of 9-year developmental outcomes. These results indicate that environmental factors may become more important with age. The detailed analysis of early sleep patterns may enable the early identification of infants who need special care and intervention.

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108 The Relationship of Pets, Vitamin D and IGE Concentrations to Upper Respiratory Infections in the First Year of Life

World Allergy Organization Journal ◽

10.1097/01.wox.0000411853.45417.74 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. S36

Author(s):

Dennis Ownby ◽

Edward Peterson ◽

Ganesa Wegienka ◽

Susan Lynch ◽

Homer Boushey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

First Year ◽

Upper Respiratory Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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The Relationship of Breastfeeding to Antimicrobial Exposure in the First Year of Life

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/000992280404300708 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 43 (7) ◽

pp. 631-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Major Michelle S. Flores ◽

Mary P. Fairchok

Keyword(s):

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Measles and mumps vaccination as a model to investigate the developing immune system: passive and active immunity during the first year of life.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1014477.193570 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Michael McChesney

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

First Year ◽

Active Immunity ◽

First Year Of Life

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The Relationship of Candida albicans with the Oral Bacterial Microbiome in Health and Disease

Oral Mucosal Immunity and Microbiome - Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_6 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 69-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Martinna Bertolini ◽

Anna Dongari-Bagtzoglou

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Bacterial Microbiome ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Dynamics of the relationship of emotional intelligence with the results of the state exam during the adaptation of school system to its introduction

Experimental Psychology (Russia) ◽

10.17759/exppsy.2015080210 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 139-150

Author(s):

E.S. Dmitrieva ◽

V.Ya. Gelman

Keyword(s):

Emotional Intelligence ◽

School System ◽

The State ◽

Russian Language ◽

Self Report ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Students ◽

Adaptation Processes ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Research is devoted to the study of the relationship of emotional intelligence of students with the results of the state exam in the adaptation of the school system for 5 years from the date of introduction. The sample consisted of 156 first-year students. Evaluation of the components of emotional intelligence was measured by self-report (EmIn questionnaire). There was a statistically significant correlation between the severity of different indicators of emotional intelligence of students passing the exam and the results of the three school subjects: Russian language, Mathematics, Social studies. It is shown that since the introduction in 2009 of compulsory exam the level of communication between the indicators of emotional intelligence and the results of the examination has changed. Adaptation processes to the introduction of the state exam lead to changes contingent of successful students: If at the time of the introduction of the exam more successful were students with higher EI, in the process of adaptation more successful became those with lower EI. It was shown that the components of EI, having the most important relationships with the results of the exam, are different for the considered subjects; the dynamics of these relationships has been revealed.

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Relationship of Depression, Aging and Immune System During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review

INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (ICRRD) QUALITY INDEX RESEARCH JOURNAL ◽

10.53272/icrrd.v2i3.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Farah Iylia Binti Fauzi ◽

Siti Fatimah Binti Salleh ◽

Mohammad Shahadat Hossen

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Immune System ◽

Elderly People ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Coping Mechanisms ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

COVID-19 is a highly contagious virus that first appeared in China in December 2019. It has affected over 157 million people and killed over 3.2 million. The paper reviews the function of the immune system for COVID-19 prevention, depression, and anxiety due to COVID-19 and their effects on the immune system and the relationship of aging with the immune system and depression and anxiety. It has been found that several elderly people lack the coping mechanisms required to deal with the stress caused by COVID-19. Hence, identifying the factors and mechanisms that lead to this resilience will aid in the development of preventive measures for certain elderly people and groups with more severe mental health problems. Additionally, it would be beneficial to understand how technology could be leveraged to accomplish this goal. During the pandemic, various steps such as social isolation, quarantine, and self-isolation are needed to be implemented properly to slow the spread of the virus. Meanwhile, to help halt the pandemic, everybody must be vaccinated as soon as possible until any bans on social gatherings and social isolation can be removed, allowing other sectors such as schooling, social activities, and life to resume normalcy.

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