A SIMPLE MODEL FOR PREDICTING THE EFFECTS OF LEACHING OF FERTILIZER NITRATE DURING THE GROWING SEASON ON THE NITROGEN FERTILIZER NEED OF CROPS

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. BURNS
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season

Influence of fertilizers and of the autumn tillage method on potato yield and phytopathologiс characteristics of tubers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
V. I. Titova ◽  
E. T. Akopdzhanyan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region ◽  
Production Conditions

The field experiment on identifying differences in the effect of the herbicide and foliar feeding of plants with liquid nitrogen fertilizer (UAN-32) against the background of autumn tillage with a cultivator or plow on potato yield and phytopathologic characteristics of tubers during storage was carried out in 2019-2020 in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The experiment was laid on sod-podzolic sandy loamy soil in production conditions on two varieties of potato ‒ the super-early Сolomba variety and the medium-early Innovator variety grown for seeds. The variants under study were surface application of the soil herbicide Gezagard in a tank mixture with UAN-32 and foliar feeding of plants with UAN-32 (N42) during the growing season against the background of N42P42K169 (calcium chloride in autumn + ammonium nitrate phosphate in spring). The results indicate that the background fertilization provides the yield of Colombа variety potato of 20.7-29.0 t/ha, the Innovator variety – 17.4-23.1 t/ha. The use of the herbicide is more effective during autumn tillage with a cultivator, providing an increase in yield of 28-37 % on both potato varieties, feeding of plants with UAN-32 contributes to an increase in yield (8-10 %) only on the Сolomba variety. Plowing the soil for potatoes helps to avoid the pest damage of tubers and to reduce their susceptibility to rhizoctonia by 6-27 %, to wet rot ‒ up to 55 %. In general, it has been established that due to autumn plowing with fertilization at a dose of N42P42K169, it is possible to obtain an increase in potato yield exceeding the increase provided both by herbicides and the use of foliar feeding of potatoes.

scholarly journals Using Insurance to Enhance Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Timing to Reduce Nitrogen Losses

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yuan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Expected Utility ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Risk Cost

AbstractNitrogen applied before planting is more vulnerable to loss to the environment than nitrogen applied during the growing season, but the growing season application can increase the risk of lower yields caused by adverse weather that prohibits farmers to complete N application. An expected utility framework is used to illustrate the potential economic benefit of insurance for a farmer to reduce this risk cost. An expected-value variance analysis is used to illustrate the potential benefit of insurance to Iowa corn growers who apply N fertilizer only during the growing season.

scholarly journals 1029 PREDICTING IN-SEASON NITROGEN REQUIREMENTS FOR IRRIGATED POTATOES USING NITRATE SAPTESTS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 575g-576
Author(s):  
Carl J. Rosen ◽  
Mohamed Errebhi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Nitrate Losses ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Applying appropriate rates of nitrogen fertilizer during the growing season for potatoes on irrigated sandy soils is an important concern from both a production and environmental standpoint. Although potatoes on sandy soils are responsive to nitrogen fertilizer, high rates of nitrogen applied early in the growing season have been associated with nitrate leaching due to unpredictable rainfall. Use of lower nitrogen rates applied more frequently through the season is one strategy to minimize nitrate losses and improve nitrogen use efficiency. Portable nitrate electrodes were used to measure nitrate concentrations in petiole sap. Diagnostic criteria based on final yield and nitrate sap concentrations at various growth stages were developed over a three year period. This rapid test can now be used to make an immediate assessment of nitrogen status of the plant and a prediction for whether supplemental nitrogen will be needed. On-farm trials are currently being carried out to demonstrate the use of the saptest as a best management practice.

scholarly journals Broiler Litter and Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer Influence on Yield and Earliness of June-bearing Strawberry

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 487E-487
Author(s):  
I.G. Rubeiz ◽  
A.M. Chehab ◽  
M.M. Freiwat ◽  
M.T. Farran
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Micro Elements

Short-term soil application of broiler litter (B) has had variable results when compared to inorganic nitrogen fertilizers (Ni). We grew `Oso Grande' strawberry on raised beds in the greenhouse and treated it with a preplant soil incorporation of B (N = 44, P = 15.3, H2O = 170 g·kg–1) at a N rate of 100 (B1) or 200 (B2) kg·ha–1, and Ni from ammonium nitrate (34.5N–0P–0K) [A] or fluid nitrogen with 10 g·kg-1 micro elements (30N–0P–0K) [F] applied in six equal monthly applications. Results show that fruit yield was increased under B-treated plots (P < 0.05), with B2 yielding the highest. Yield ranged between 172 to 324 g/plant. Fruit number per plant ranged from 14 to 24, with B2 yielding the highest (P < 0.05). Early flowering was enhanced by B2 (P < 0.05), which reflected in higher early yields under B2 (P < 0.05). Leaf tissue NO3-N, PO4-P and Fe were comparable among all treatments during the growing season. Soil NO3-N, available P, CaCO3, and pH at the end of the season were comparable among the treatments (P 0.05), whereas EC was reduced by B1 and F treatments (P < 0.05). We recommend B at 200 kg N/ha as a fertilizer for June-hearing strawberry, and as a good alternative to inorganic N fertilizers.

scholarly journals Leaching of nitrogen in barley, grass ley and fallow lysimeters

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toivo Yläranta ◽  
Jaana Uusi-Kämppä ◽  
Antti Jaakkola
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
Grass Ley

The leaching of nitrogen from fallow, fertilized and unfertilized spring barley, and grass ley was studied in a 4-year lysimeter experiment tcarried out on clay, silt and sand soils, and Carex peat. The experimental factors included also irrigation and treatments where the nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the first year as 15N-labelled ammonium nitrate. During four years, 41-66% of the nitrogen applied in the first growing season was recovered in plants harvested. Most of it, 91-96%, was taken up in the year applied. Mostly, the water drainage was lowest in silt and sand soils. The irrigation increased clearly the leaching of nitrogen almost in all treatments. Crops decreased the drainage of water through the lysimeters and the leaching of nitrogen, grass more than barley. The effects of plants and irrigation were similar in all soils, but most marked in sand. The largest amount of nitrogen was leached in irrigated, fallowed sand, 440 kg ha-1, during four years. The majority of the leached nitrogen was nitrate. Only in peat soil a significant amount of nitrogen was leached in some another form. The leaching of 15N-labelled fertilizer during four years was highest in sand, 2.3 kg ha 1 of N or 2.3% of the nitrogen applied in the first experimental year.

Evaluation of winter wheat management practices under semi-arid conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Fungicide Application ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Growing Season Precipitation

A study was conducted to evaluate European cereal management techniques in winter wheat under semi-arid growing conditions. Combinations of rates and split applications of ammonium nitrate fertilizer with a plant growth regulator and/or a late season fungicide application were investigated using no-till "stubbled-in" production practices in two winter wheat cultivars, Norwin and Norstar at two locations over 3 yr. Nitrogen fertilizer gave the maximum yield when it was applied in mid-April. Split applications of nitrogen did not improve grain yields or grain protein concentration. A height reduction was observed with the use of plant growth regulators in both cultivars but no benefits were incurred due to the lack of lodging. The late season fungicide application had some effect on increasing kernel weight in both cultivars but rarely translated into a higher yield. Nitrogen and growing conditions had the largest effects on yield and the dilemma faced by producers is to correctly match nitrogen rates with environmental conditions given that the nitrogen has to be applied early in the spring. Available spring soil moisture and soil residual nitrogen provided little help in determining the rate of nitrogen giving the maximum economic yield because assumptions on growing season precipitation have to be made. It is suggested that nitrogen management be based on a risk analysis which would involve determining the probability of different levels of growing season precipitation for various climatic zones and soil types and the corresponding yield levels expected. Rates of nitrogen fertilizer would then be adjusted according to soil residual nitrogen levels and the risk the producer is willing to assume. This will require more extensive research and development of crop production models.Key words: Nitrogen fertilizer, Triticum aestivum L., intensive cereal management, propiconazole, chlormequat chloride, ethephon

Summer-growing components of a pasture system in a subtropical environment. 1. Pasture growth, carrying capacity and milk production

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Murtagh ◽  
A. G. Kaiser ◽  
D. O. Huett ◽  
R. M. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Leaf Production

SummaryThe leaf growth, carrying capacity and dairy production of four summer-growing pastures were measured in a subtropical area of Australia. The growing season was subdivided into ten 4-week periods and the production was estimated for each period. Carrying capacities were determined by rotationally grazing four paddocks of each pasture over the 4-week period, and varying the stocking density so that a target weight of leaf material remained on the pasture at the conclusion of each grazing.A non-limiting rate of nitrogen fertilizer increased total leaf production of kikuyu by 97% over a control treatment without nitrogen, but the response was not evenly distributed throughout the season. It fell to 50% during autumn when growth on the nitrogen-fertilized pastures was restricted following heavy defoliation during late summer. The use of the tropical legumes, siratro and glycine, in a mixed sward with kikuyu, did not increase leaf production over a kikuyu control pasture. The legumes grew poorly and this appeared to be due to the combined effects of their poor adaptability to the krasnozem soil, a high plant mortality especially during the first winter after sowing, the 4-week grazing interval and strong grass competition.The carrying capacity of the nitrogen-fertilized pasture was 1·3–5·3 cows/ha at the beginning (September–October) and end (April–mid June) of the growing season, and increased to a peak of 7·4–9·7 cows/ha during February-mid March. Nitrogen fertilizer increased the carrying capacity by an average of 131% over that on a kikuyu pasture without nitrogen. The carrying capacities were similar on kikuyu and on a mixed carpet grass-kikuyu pasture, both without nitrogen, but were less on a tropical legume-kikuyu pasture which was grazed at a lighter grazing intensity during autumn to aid legume persistence.Reflecting the experimental method of adjusting the stocking density according to the pasture available, differences in dairy production per cow were small relative to differences in the carrying capacity. Consequently seasonal variation in total dairy production/ha mirrored the carrying capacity. Nitrogen fertilizer increased the average production of 4% fat-corrected milk to 13·2 t/ha/40 weeks, an increase of 133% over the control without nitrogen.The results illustrate the marked seasonal imbalance in growth and carrying capacity for a given pasture, and emphasize the need to use mixed feeding systems to provide a uniform level of nutrition for a fixed number of cows.

Competition for nitrogen between Pinusradiata and pasture. II. Trends in plant and soil processes

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 889-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Clinton ◽  
D.J. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Labelled Nitrogen ◽  
Pasture Grasses

15N-labelled nitrogen fertilizer was used to examine the competition for N between 4-year-old Pinusradiata D. Don and pasture grasses during one 8-month growing season. Availability and tree and pasture uptake of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied in spring were measured. Larger quantities of 15NO3−-N than 15NH4+-N remained available in the soil throughout the growing season. However, P. radiata assimilated similar quantities of 15N when supplied as 15NO3−-N or 15NH4+-N and uptake by pasture herbage was greater for 15NO3−-N than for 15NH4+-N. Removing pasture by spraying with herbicide increased the availability of soil 15N soon after application and doubled the uptake of 15N by P. radiata although the pattern of N uptake was not greatly affected.

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