Herbage productivity of brome grass (Bromus carinatus)

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-392
Author(s):  
R. D. HARKESS ◽  
M. W. MORRISON ◽  
J. FRAME
Keyword(s):  
Bromus Carinatus ◽  
Brome Grass

High-pressure freezing and freeze substitution of plant tissue

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
William P. Sharp ◽  
Robert W. Roberson
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Cold Metal ◽  
Brome Grass

The aim of ultrastructural investigation is to analyze cell architecture and relate a functional role(s) to cell components. It is known that aqueous chemical fixation requires seconds to minutes to penetrate and stabilize cell structure which may result in structural artifacts. The use of ultralow temperatures to fix and prepare specimens, however, leads to a much improved preservation of the cell’s living state. A critical limitation of conventional cryofixation methods (i.e., propane-jet freezing, cold-metal slamming, plunge-freezing) is that only a 10 to 40 μm thick surface layer of cells can be frozen without distorting ice crystal formation. This problem can be allayed by freezing samples under about 2100 bar of hydrostatic pressure which suppresses the formation of ice nuclei and their rate of growth. Thus, 0.6 mm thick samples with a total volume of 1 mm3 can be frozen without ice crystal damage. The purpose of this study is to describe the cellular details and identify potential artifacts in root tissue of barley (Hordeum vulgari L.) and leaf tissue of brome grass (Bromus mollis L.) fixed and prepared by high-pressure freezing (HPF) and freeze substitution (FS) techniques.

Pasture species and cultivars used in New Zealand - a list

1999 ◽  
pp. 147-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F.L. Charlton ◽  
A.V. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Herb Species

In recent years, the number of pasture species and cultivars commercially available to farmers in New Zealand has increased significantly. Reasons for this include increased commercial activity in the development and supply of proprietary cultivars, and more specialisation in New Zealand's pastoral agriculture. In particular, pasture cultivars are increasingly marketed as proprietary products with associated technical support. This year there are 109 certified cultivars available, belonging to 23 grass, legume and herb species. As a result, farmers are now able to develop improved pasture feed supply, but they are somewhat confused about pasture species and cultivars, and this frustrates their aims to produce high quality animal products from productive pastures. Accordingly, the herbage seeds industry needs to work from a clear reference list, to avoid any confusion when supplying farmers and overseas clients with their seed requirements. Our list of pasture species, types and cultivars available within New Zealand aims to be that reference. Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil, brome grass, caucasian clover, chicory, clover, cocksfoot, cultivars, herbs, lotus, lucerne, pasture, phalaris, plantain, prairie grass, red clover, ryegrass, seeds, species, strawberry clover, sub clover, tall fescue, timothy, types, white clover, Yorkshire fog

Mapping genetic variation and seed zones for Bromus carinatus in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon, USAIn this article, mention of companies or trade names does not constitute an endorsement of any product or procedure.

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 725-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Johnson ◽  
Vicky J. Erickson ◽  
Nancy L. Mandel ◽  
J. Bradley St Clair ◽  
Kenneth W. Vance-Borland
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Blue Mountains ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Bromus Carinatus ◽  
Seed Zones ◽  
Transfer Zones

Seed transfer zones ensure that germplasm selected for restoration is suitable and sustainable in diverse environments. In this study, seed zones were developed for mountain brome ( Bromus carinatus Hook. & Arn.) in the Blue Mountains of northeastern Oregon and adjoining Washington. Plants from 148 Blue Mountain seed source locations were evaluated in common-garden studies at two contrasting test sites. Data on phenology, morphology, and production were collected over two growing seasons. Plant traits varied significantly and were frequently correlated with annual precipitation and annual maximum temperature at seed source locations (P < 0.05). Plants from warmer locations generally had higher dry matter production, longer leaves, wider crowns, denser foliage, and greater plant height than those from cooler locations. Regression models of environmental variables with the first two principal components (PC 1 and PC 2) explained 46% and 40% of the total variation, respectively. Maps of PC 1 and PC 2 generally corresponded to elevation, temperature, and precipitation gradients. The regression models developed from PC 1 and PC 2 and environmental variables were used to map seed transfer zones. These maps will be useful in selecting mountain brome seed sources for habitat restoration in the Blue Mountains.

Water potentials of seeds of Bromus inermis and Medicago sativa imbibed on media of various osmotic potentials

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (17) ◽  
pp. 1997-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. McDonough
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Thermocouple Psychrometer ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
The Media ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Seeds of smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cultivar Ladak) were allowed to imbibe in water or solutions of polyethylene glycol (Carbowax 1540), mannitol, or sodium chloride. Seed water potentials were determined over a 72-h period after transfer of seeds to thermocouple psychrometer chambers. Seed water potentials were lower than osmotic potentials of the media, but these two potentials were not clearly related to each other. Possible reasons for the lack of gradation in response are discussed.

scholarly journals GRAIN FROM MEDJYBIZH

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
S. A. Gorbanenko ◽  
Yu. I. Tolkachov
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Brome Grasses

During the archaeological research of the Medjybizh fortress (fig. 1), palaeoethnobotanical materials were found three times in its yard: in 1991, 2013 and 2015. The first definition was made by G. O. Pashkevich. Mostly rye was identified as well as bromus, sorrel and an ergot fungus claviceps purpurea. From materials ща 2015 about 30 ml of grain were provided, mostly rye, which is approximately 1800—2000 grains. This is a sample of the harvest of one year. Single kernels of hulled barley (5); emmer (2) and soft wheat (1) were identified. Weeds are represented by 3 species, they are convolvulus (19), brome grasses (11) and cleavers (7) (figs. 2—4). Identified weeds are concomitant for cultivated cereals and real anthropochores; they may be useful for therapeutic purposes. Brome grass is a winter plant that pollutes crops of winter rye and wheat. Fields pollution indicates a use of old arable fields: the population lived in this place continuously from the eleventh century. Consequently, the fields exploded about 2—3 centuries. Winter crops also show the use of old arable fields. According to the aggregate of weeds, these fields were located on high places with droughty soils. According to the analysis of topography and soil, these fields were in the western sector on the elevated plateau (supposedly the places of Dolzhok and Pereimska Dacha). Find of the rye also indirectly indicates a high level of development of agriculture. While plowing tools from Medzhybizh are unknown, we should assume the use of plow, which is the most progressive form of them.

Forage productivity of smooth brome grass mixtures under the application of growth regulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
В.Г. Васин ◽  
М.С. Кригер ◽  
С.А. Васин
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Brome Grass

Исследования проведены в 2019–2020 годах в экспериментальном севообороте научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Корма» кафедры «Растениеводство и земледелие» Самарского ГАУ. В статье представлены данные по кормовой продуктивности травосмесей костреца безостого с кострецом прямым, бобовыми травами и черноголовником многобрачным при применении стимуляторов «Матрица роста» и «Гуми-20М». В состав исследуемых травосмесей входили эспарцет песчаный, люцерна посевная и лядвенец рогатый. Посев проведён в мае 2015 года. Исследование охватывало фазу вымётывания костреца безостого и прямого и цветения бобовых, во время которой оценивалась урожайность, определялся химический состав травостоев (особое внимание уделялось содержанию протеина и динамике его изменения), а также проводился учёт кормовых достоинств (накопления сухого вещества, переваримого протеина и выхода обменной энергии). Высокую продуктивность формировали трёх- и четырёхкомпонентные травостои с эспарцетом песчаным и люцерной посевной. Травостои с лядвенцем рогатым обеспечивали максимальные показатели. Наблюдалось отчётливое увеличение всех изучаемых показателей при добавлении бобового компонента. Продуктивность обработанных стимуляторами травосмесей была, как правило, больше, чем в контрольном варианте. Минимальную продуктивность формировали смеси, в которых присутствовали только злаковые компоненты и которые не обрабатывались стимуляторами роста. Также выявлено, что содержание протеина в травостоях с бобовым компонентом было выше, чем в травостоях с мятликовыми культурами, обработка посевов стимуляторами способствовала повышению протеина. Анализ доли компонентов в травостоях показал, что злаковый компонент преобладал над бобовым, однако в некоторых вариантах наблюдалось преобладание эспарцета и люцерны над злаками. Наименьшую долю в травостое составляли лядвенец рогатый и черноголовник многобрачный. Зависимости процентного соотношения компонентов от варианта обработки выявлено не было. The investigation took place at the laboratory “Korma“ of the Samara State Agrarian University (the department of Crop Production and Arable farming) in 2019–2020. The article reports on the productivity of grass mixtures of smooth brome with erect brome, legumes and fodder burnet under the application of growth regulators “Matritsa rosta“ and “Gumi-20M“. The mixtures also contained hungarian sainfoin, alfalfa and birdʼs-foot trefoil. Crops were planted in May 2015. Crops were tested at the heading or flowering stages. The following traits were analyzed: productivity, chemical composition, dry matter content, crude protein and exchange energy yield. The dynamics of protein accumulation was studied. Three- and four-component grass mixtures with hungarian sainfoin and alfalfa showed the highest productivity. Mixtures with birdʼs-foot trefoil performed the best. Introduction of legumes into swards positively affected all the traits studied. Generally, the application of growth regulators resulted in higher productivity. Gramineous mixtures had the lowest productivity under no treatment. Swards with legumes provided more protein. The treatment with growth regulators increased protein concentration. Gramineous dominated legumes, however, in some variants hungarian sainfoin and alfalfa were predominant. Birdʼs-foot trefoil and fodder burnet had the smallest share in swords. There was no significant correlation between mixture composition and treatments.

scholarly journals Host Range and Alternate Host of a Puccinia coronata Population from Smooth Brome Grass

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Delgado ◽  
C. R. Grau ◽  
M. D. Casler
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Brome Grass

A rust fungus was observed on smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) leaves growing in the fields of the University of Wisconsin (UW) Agricultural Research Station at Arlington, WI. The population (WPc-95A) was classified as Puccinia coronata Corda. Reports of P. coronata on B. inermis are rare, so a study of the pathogen host range, alternate host, and morphology of urediniospores and teliospores was undertaken. Fourteen grass species representing 10 genera were inoculated with P. coronata WPc-95A, which was maintained with repeated inoculations on B. inermis cv. PL-BDR1. Seventy-two 30-day-old seedlings of B. inermis were inoculated with urediniospores of the fungus. Infection type, pustule density, and disease incidence were recorded 15 days after inoculation. The same grass cultivars were also inoculated with aecio-spores collected from Rhamnus cathartica L. located on the UW campus. To test for host specificity, urediniospores produced on aeciospore-susceptible grass species were used to reinoculate plants of B. inermis and the host species from which the urediniospores were derived. B. inermis, B. riparius Rehm., Festuca pratensis Huds., and Lolium perenne L. were susceptible to P. coronata WPc-95A. The two Bromus spp. had the highest disease incidence. R. cathartica was found to be an alternate host of P. coronata WPc-95A, as it is for P. coronata isolates found on F. pratensis. However, cross-inoculations with urediniospores from R. cathartica-derived aeciospore infections indicated that only urediniospores of B. inermis origin were capable of infecting B. inermis. Thus, P. coronata WPc-95A appears to belong to a forma speciales previously undescribed in North America.

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