Biochemical Properties of Pork and Their Relationship to Quality III. Degree of Saturation and Moisture Content of Subcutaneous Fatb

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. G. KAUFFMAN ◽  
Z. L. CARPENTER ◽  
R. W. BRAY ◽  
W. G. HOEKSTRA
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Degree Of Saturation

scholarly journals Impact of the moisture content in medium sands on CPTU test results

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Zawadzki ◽  
Marek Bajda
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Pore Water Pressure ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Tip Resistance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistance Value

Abstract Soils occurring in the soil “active zone” are in contact with the surface and are directly influenced by external factors (mainly climatic changes) that cause variation in their parameters over time. Dynamic and uncontrolled changes of soil properties e.g. due to rainfall and evapotranspiration processes may affect field test results leading to the misinterpretation of the obtained data. This paper presents investigations on the influence of moisture content changes in sandy soils on CPTU results. For this purpose, a field ground model has been constructed and five CPTU tests with a different moisture content of soil were carried out. During the investigations, the tip resistance (qc), friction on sleeve (fs), and pore water pressure (u2) were measured. Moreover, a TDR probe was applied to determine the distribution of the moisture content in the studied soil columns. Differences between CPT results obtained in saturated and unsaturated soils have been shown. Furthermore, a simple equation to correct the tip resistance value due to the impact of the degree of saturation has been proposed.

scholarly journals Effect of soil moisture content on the bearing capacity of small bored piles in the unsaturated soil of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Verônica Ricken Marques ◽  
Antonio Belincanta ◽  
Mary-Antonette Beroya-Eitner ◽  
Jorge Luis Almada Augusto ◽  
Ewerton Guelssi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Unsaturated Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Matric Suction ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Static Load Test

In this study, the influence of soil moisture on the bearing capacity of piles founded in an unsaturated clay soil was investigated. The soil studied, composing the upper soil layer in Maringá, Brazil, is lateritic, has degree of saturation between 37% and 70% and has collapsible behaviour when wet. The bearing capacity was determined by full-scale load tests following the Brazilian Standard for Static Load Test. Two pile lengths, 4 m and 8 m, were considered. To analyse the influence of soil moisture, two tests were performed for each pile length: one in soil in its natural moisture content and another in pre-moistened soil. Results show that for both pile lengths, an increase in water content caused a significant reduction in bearing capacity, which is attributed to the decrease in the matric suction of the soil. This is confirmed by the results of the initial evaluation made on the variation of matric suction and its contribution to the bearing capacity with changes in water content. In summary, this study confirms that the pile bearing capacity in unsaturated soil is dependent on soil water content, highlighting the fact that the approach of assuming full saturation condition in the evaluation of the pile bearing capacity in such soil may give erroneous results. Moreover, this study demonstrate that the empirical methods most commonly used in Brazil for pile bearing capacity determination, the Décourt & Quaresma and Aoki & Velloso methods, are overly conservative when applied to the Maringá soil.

Amniotic Fluid Microviscosity Determined by Fluorescence Polarization: Methodology and Relation to Gestational Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Raymond I. Stark ◽  
Thomas A. Blumenfeld ◽  
John D. George ◽  
Vincent J. Freda ◽  
L. Stanley James
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Surfactant System ◽  
Lipid Aggregates ◽  
Fetal Lung Maturation

The fluorescence polarization of 116 amniotic fluid specimens obtained from 22 isoimmunized pregnant women was determined. The degree of fluorescence polarization of amniotic fluid provides an index of microvisocity in lipid aggregates that is dependent on the lecithin-to-sphingomyelin ratio and the degree of saturation of fatty acid side chains. We confirmed the reproducibility of the measurement of amniotic fluid microviscosity (coefficient of variation, 2.0%). The measurements are not effected by bilirubin concentration or amniotic fluid dilution. The pattern of change of amniotic fluid microviscosity during gestation parallels the expected development of the surfactant system. Amniotic fluid microviscosity is high during early gestation and abruptly and sequentially decreases between the 28th and 36th week of gestation. Since the measurements are an accurate reflection of the biochemical properties of amniotic fluid lipids and parallel the development of the surfactant system, we conclude that amniotic fluid microviscosity may well serve as an indicator of the process of fetal lung maturation.

scholarly journals Laboratory study of small-strain behavior of a compacted silty sand

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Heitor ◽  
Buddhima Indraratna ◽  
Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Small Strain ◽  
Matric Suction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Strain Behavior

Small-strain behavior is a key indicator for assessing the performance of compacted fills. Compaction conditions, i.e., initial moisture content and applied energy, govern compaction effectiveness and thus, the structure and matric suction of compacted soil. This paper presents an experimental study of the small-strain behavior of compacted silty sand prepared with different compaction conditions. Specimens with varying initial moisture contents and compaction energies were tested with bender elements to determine the small-strain shear modulus (G0), while the post-compaction matric suction was measured using the filter paper method and tensiometer. The experimental data suggest a pronounced relationship between G0 and the degree of saturation (Sr) of the as-compacted soil specimens. X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans were performed to examine structural changes of selected specimens upon compaction. The laboratory results are also examined in light of common end-product specifications, which show that it is beneficial to compact the soil slightly dry of optimum moisture content from the modulus point of view.

A Model for Estimating Resistivity of In-Service Backfill of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls Based on Minimum Resistivity and Degree of Saturation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (2) ◽  
pp. 502-508
Author(s):  
Jose Luis Arciniega ◽  
W. Shane Walker ◽  
Soheil Nazarian ◽  
Kenneth L. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Mechanically Stabilized Earth ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Mse Walls ◽  
Mechanically Stabilized ◽  
Earth Walls

The resistivity of aggregates used as fill within mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls has been found to be a good indicator of its potential to corrode metal reinforcements. As such it is important to accurately measure the fill resistivity. Previous studies have found that resistivity is affected by the gradation of the material, as finer particles normally have much lower resistivity than coarse particles. The resistivity is also greatly dependent on moisture content. To estimate how the variation in moisture content can affect the resistivity, and the in-service performance of MSE walls, laboratory resistivity measurements were performed on 23 materials at varying moisture contents. The results were used to develop a model to estimate the resistivity of a given material knowing its minimum resistivity, porosity, and degree of saturation greater than 50%. Model predictions can potentially be used to estimate the resistivity of in-service wall fill and to harmonize field and laboratory resistivity measurements. The model could be used in future corrosion modeling that considers the seasonal or long-term moisture contents of the fill, similar to the recently developed Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design (MEPDG) procedure.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Distribution of Soil Moisture Content over Ukraine and Its Relationship to Atmospheric Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Inna Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Zonal Flow ◽  
Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Spatiotemporal distribution of the soil moisture content of 0–10 cm underground has been assessed across the aroclimatic zones of Ukraine for the period 2000–2019. Calculated Soil Moisture Anomaly Index (SMAI) was used to characterize the degree of saturation of the soil, comparing to normal conditions. The North Atlantic Oscillation index (NAO) and the European Continental Blocking Index (ECBI) were used for the estimation of the influence of atmospheric circulation on soil moisture content in different seasons. The clear annual soil moisture content course is observed in all agroclimatic zones of Ukraine, when the maximum is observed in February, and the minimum is in August. The lowest soil moisture values are fixed in the Western Steppe and the maximum in the Carpathian region and Polesie. The analysis of time series of the SMAI showed the tendency to transition from mostly positive values to negative values in the past decade in summer and autumn. In winter and spring, no significant trends were found in the SMAI values. Analysis of the statistical relationship between the SMAI and the NAO indices, and the SMAI and the ECBI indices showed the features of the state of zonal flow and determined certain anomalies of soil moisture content.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Limbah Galvalum Sebagai Substitusi Aggregat Kasar Pada Jobmix Beton

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bahrudin ◽  
Agata Iwan Candra ◽  
Sigit Winarto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Percentage Absorption ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Pore Number

Concrete is one of the construction materials that is widely used. Currently, variations in concrete are being studied. Galvalum waste has high tensile properties but is mild. Its lightweight properties are expected to reduce the weight of the concrete itself. The purpose of this study is to find out the value of strong press, absorption, weight type (E), degree of saturation (Sr), moisture content (Wc), and porosity of the addition of galvalume waste. The method used is a experimental method. Variations in galvalum waste substitution used are 50% and 100% of the aggregate weight is roughT the sample used in the form of a cylinder size of 15cm x 30 cm with the initial quality of fc' 18.67 Mpa. The results of the strong press test showed that the galvalum waste subtitution has not been able to exceed the initial quality of the plan. The highest test result was obtained at a percentage of 50% with a strong press score of FC' 17.94 Mpa. In the percentage, absorption test results are 0.010%, the weight of the type is 2325 kg / m3, the pore number is 0.00232%, the water content is 0.108%, and porosity is 0.00108%.Beton merupakan salah satu bahan konstruksi yang banyak dipergunakan. Saat ini, pengguanaan variasi pada beton sedang banyak diteliti. Limbah galvalum memiliki sifat tarik yang tinggi namun ringan. Sifatnya yang ringan diharapkan mampu mengurangi berat beton itu sendiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai kuat tekan, absorpsi, berat jenis (Ɣ), angka pori (e),derajat kejenuhan (Sr), kadar air (Wc), dan porositas dari penambahan limbah galvalum. Metode yang digunakan merupakan metode eksperimen. Variasi pensubtitusi limbah galvalum yang digunakan yaitu 50% dan 100% dari berat agregat kasar. sampel yang digunakan berbentuk silinder ukuran 15cm x 30 cm dengan mutu awal fc’ 18.67 Mpa. Hasil uji kuat tekan menunjukkan bahwa subtitusi limbah galvalum belum mampu melebihi mutu awal rencana. Hasil uji tertinggi didapat pada prosentase 50% dengan nilai kuat tekan fc’ 17,94 Mpa. Pada prosentase tersebut, didapat hasil uji absropsi yaitu 0,010%,  berat jenis yaitu 2325 kg/m3, angka pori yaitu 0,00232%, kadar air yaitu 0,108% serta porositas yaitu 0,00108%. 

scholarly journals An Investigation on the Critical Degree of Saturation of Half Brick Samples via the Frost Dilatometry Methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javeriya Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Building Science ◽  
Critical Degree ◽  
Freeze Thaw

An Investigation on the Critical Degree of Saturation of Half Brick Samples via the Frost Dilatometry Methodology By Javeriya Hasan Master of Building Science in the Program of Building Science 2019 An assessment of freeze-thaw deterioration of bricks necessitates predicting the moisture content at which frost decay occurs, whereby this is called the critical degree of saturation (Scrit). The study involved performing frost dilatometry testing of eight half-brick samples. Strains along the x, y and z axes of samples were measured, whereby the results show that trends of frost decay were non-uniform along certain axes. However, along the z-axis, brick sample types 305-EB4, 295AF4, 297-EB2 showed Scrit values of 81%, 90% and 77.5% respectively, which were comparable to the slices’ Scrit, which were at 84.4%, 88.1% and 77.5% respectively. Similarly, for brick sample type 349-ER1, the Scrit at its x-axis was 92%, which was near to its slice’s Scrit, at 87.3%. Sample types 60 and 295-F2 showed differences as high as 17% in their Scrit values, at 56% and 88% respectively, compared to their slices, which were at 73.4% and 78.4%.

Experimental Study on Unconfined Compression Strength of Compacted Granite Residual Soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 2124-2128
Author(s):  
Dong Xia Chen ◽  
Kai Yang ◽  
Yan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Unconfined Compression Strength ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Wetting And Drying

Granite residual soils are often used as compacted soils in engineering structures such as pavement, embankments and backfills in Xiamen. Many geotechnical problems such as bearing capacity, lateral earth pressures and slope stability require an assessment of the shear strength of soil. Since the geotechnical properties of residual soils are impaired in contact with water, a series of unconfined compression tests are carried out on granite residual soils. Results of tests include effects of degree of compaction, moisture content, degree of saturation and cyclic wetting and drying on unconfined compression strength respectively. The increase in degree of compaction and compacting effort increases unconfined compression strength and the former greatly affects the strength. Moisture content of soils is higher than the optimum one of 2.5% for high strength and it is lower than optimum one of 2.5% for good plasticity in Xiamen areas. The degree of saturation of high unconfined compression strength normally ranges from 64% to 76%. In addition, cyclic wetting and drying causes loss of unconfined compression strength and the maximum loss commonly occurs at the first cycle and then is slowed down by the following cycles till the strength remains approximately constant.

scholarly journals Honey moisture reduction using several thermal methods and their effects on its quality

2022 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 00026
Author(s):  
Firman Jaya ◽  
Lilik Eka Radiati ◽  
Teti Estiasih ◽  
Djalal Rosyidi ◽  
Anang Lastriyanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Honey Sample ◽  
Botanical Origin ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Made In

Honey is thermally heated at various methods to decrease the moisture content and prolong the shelf life. The heating methods might decrease the quality of honey's physicochemical and biochemical properties. The present study thermally treated the honey with a pasteurizer, evaporator, and dehumidifier. The most thermally affected to decrease the moisture content were treatment by dehumidifier (14.09%), subsequent evaporation (8.41%), and pasteurization (8.41%). After heating, significant differentiation was also observed in the variation of both HMF (Hydroxymethylfurfural) content and diastase activity according to the botanical origin of the honey sample. In line with the biochemical analysis of honey, total phenolic decreased significantly during the pasteurization treatment. Evaporation was the most resistant thermal treatment due to its ability to maintain the level of HMF and the enzyme diastase as a standard for honey quality. However, changes made in physicochemical and biochemical quality are still in compliance with national and international legal limits.

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