Measuring biodiversity across spatial scales in a raised bog using a novel paired-sample diversity index

Woodland caribou in northeastern Alberta are relatively sedentary, occur at low densities, and are classed as endangered in Alberta. Increasing encroachment of the forest and petroleum industries into the southern regions of the boreal woodland caribou range has highlighted the need for detailed habitat analysis for this species. We obtained approximately 1000 locations of 47 woodland caribou fitted with very high frequency telemetry collars, providing data on winter habitat use from 1991 to 1994. Telemetry data were combined with digital peatland coverages that best represented lowland habitat diversity. Woodland caribou selected forested fen peatland complexes at both the population and individual spatial scales. Woodland caribou concentrated feeding activity in forested, raised bog islands. The raised bogs provide more xeric substrate for increased lichen biomass, possibly a key factor in their selection during winter. The hypothesized connection between discontinuous permafrost and the maintenance of raised bog islands in terms of caribou forage distribution and availability is discussed.

Download Full-text

Fish assemblage structure in a port region of the Amazonic coast

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/1678-4766e2018018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcelo H. L. Silva ◽

Audálio R. Torres Júnior ◽

Antonio C. L. Castro ◽

James W. J. Azevedo ◽

Cássia F. C. Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fish Assemblage ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Spatial Differentiation ◽

Assemblage Structure ◽

Estuarine Fish ◽

Fish Assemblage Structure ◽

Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽

Port Area ◽

Conservation Projects

ABSTRACT: The fish assemblage structure in a port area in São Marcos Bay (Amazonic coast) was evaluated based on the spatial and temporal distributions to identify potential changes in response to anthropic pressure increases associated with industrial and port activities in region. The samples were taken between March 2011 and November 2015. The ichthyofauna was represented by a total of 56 species, distributed in 15 orders and 29 families. Captures were dominated by Genyatremus luteus (Bloch, 1790), but Sciades proops (Valenciennes, 1840) was the most representative in terms of biomass. Seasonal distributions of fish assemblage did not reveal significant differences. However, there was a difference between catch sites, abundance, biomass and Shannon diversity index was higher in the Site 1 and evenness in Site 4. The analysis NMDS and the test ANOSIM between months and between sampling sites, based on species composition, revealed a seasonal differentiation associated with the rainy and drought months, as well as spatial differentiation, in function of a depth gradient and hydrodynamics, resulting from greater distance from mangrove areas. The low diversity recorded may be a reflection of port activities that historically occur in the area investigated. However, there was still a maintenance of regional diversity throughout the period under analysis. Thus, temporal and spatial scales become important for the detection and understanding of fish biodiversity in an Amazonian estuary, reflecting, the importance of mangroves for the maintenance of the ichthyofaunistic diversity in the area. In this context, the present study may subsidize possible conservation projects in the area since information of this nature is almost non-existent for estuarine fish from the Maranhão Amazon.

Download Full-text

THE STRUCTURE OF SUBTIDAL MACROALGAL ASSEMBLAGES AT THE TAMOIOS ECOLOGICAL STATION, A THREATENED CONSERVATION UNIT IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography ◽

10.1590/s1679-87592015082606301 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 71-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Victor de Souza Koutsoukos ◽

Roberto Campos Villaça ◽

Maria Teresa Menezes de Széchy

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Percent Cover ◽

Bottom Communities ◽

Rocky Bottom ◽

Sargassum Vulgare ◽

Shallow Subtidal ◽

Rocky Bottoms ◽

Janeiro State

The structure of subtidal rocky bottom communities at Tamoios Ecological Station (TES), situated in Ilha Grande Bay, Rio de Janeiro State, as well as in other Brazilian marine protected areas, is insufficiently characterized. The present study describes the macroalgal assemblages of shallow subtidal rocky bottoms on two islands of the TES-Imboassica (IM) and Búzios Pequena (BP)adopting species and genera as observational units. Two sites were surveyed on each island in summer 2011. Random 30x30 cm quadrats (n=3) were scraped to collect all macroalgae except crustose species. The subtidal assemblages, in which 58 macroalgal species occurred, were characterized by the high frequency and percent cover of Sargassum vulgare C. Agardh (56.8±8.4%). The sites differed significantly in total number of species and Shannon-Weiner diversity index (PERMANOVA, p<0.05). According to SIMPER, the macroalgal genera that most contributed to the dissimilarities of cover between the sites (contribution >5%) were Sargassum, Laurencia, Wrangelia, Canistrocarpus, Asparagopsis, Hypnea, Ceratodictyon, Gayliella, Spyridia and Chondria.Dissimilarities within and between the islands, as shown by nMDS of the cover data, suggest that different spatial scales should be considered in monitoring the rocky bottom communities of Ilha Grande Bay.

Download Full-text

High spatial resolution x-ray microanalysis of interfaces

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100137793 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 284-285

Author(s):

J. R. Michael

Keyword(s):

Spatial Resolution ◽

Electron Probe ◽

Solid Angle ◽

Collection Efficiency ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Probe Size ◽

Brightness Field

X-ray microanalysis in the analytical electron microscope (AEM) refers to a technique by which chemical composition can be determined on spatial scales of less than 10 nm. There are many factors that influence the quality of x-ray microanalysis. The minimum probe size with sufficient current for microanalysis that can be generated determines the ultimate spatial resolution of each individual microanalysis. However, it is also necessary to collect efficiently the x-rays generated. Modern high brightness field emission gun equipped AEMs can now generate probes that are less than 1 nm in diameter with high probe currents. Improving the x-ray collection solid angle of the solid state energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) results in more efficient collection of x-ray generated by the interaction of the electron probe with the specimen, thus reducing the minimum detectability limit. The combination of decreased interaction volume due to smaller electron probe size and the increased collection efficiency due to larger solid angle of x-ray collection should enhance our ability to study interfacial segregation.

Download Full-text

THE EFFECT OF COMIC STRIPS ON SECONDARY EFL STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION AND WRITING ABILITY

ENGLISH JOURNAL OF INDRAGIRI ◽

10.32520/eji.v2i2.236 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 43-57

Author(s):

M. Ridhwan ◽

Muhammad Taufik Ihsan ◽

Naskah Naskah

Keyword(s):

Reading Comprehension ◽

Hypothesis Testing ◽

Null Hypothesis ◽

Test Group ◽

T Test ◽

Comic Strips ◽

Writing Ability ◽

Paired Sample ◽

And Control ◽

Test Treatment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the significant effect of using comic strips strategy toward students’ reading comprehension and writing ability at MTsN 1 Pekanbaru. A Quasi-Experimental by Non-equivalent Pre-test and Post-test Group was applied as a designed for study. The sample was two classes (VIII 3 and VIII 4) consisting 20 students of treatment class, and 20 students of control class. The data were computed using SPPS 20.0 to analyze Independent sample t-test and Paired sample t-test. The finding of this study revealed that there was a significant effect on students’ reading comprehension by using comic strips strategy, it shown on paired sample t-test; treatment class was 77 and control class was 64.5, the hypothesis testing showed the result of post T-test -7.149, then score of sig.(2-tailed) is 0.000, if we act to null hypothesis (Ho) that is 0.05, it means that the score of sig.(2-tailed) was smaller than score of Ho. The data also revealed that there was a significant effect on students’ writing ability, it shown on paired sample t-test; treatment class was 79.6 and control class was 54.2, the hypothesis testing showed the result of post T-test -21.9, then score of sig.(2-tailed) is 0.000, if we act to null hypothesis (Ho) that is 0.05, it means that the score of sig.(2-tailed) was smaller than score of Ho. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. From those data it can be summarized that there is a significant effect of using comic strips strategy on students’ reading comprehension and writing ability.

Download Full-text

Analisis Keragaman Tanaman Sebagai Jasa Lingkungan Pada Lanskap Agroforestri di Daerah Aliran Sungai Krueng Aceh

Jurnal Serambi Engineering ◽

10.32672/jse.v4i2.1468 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Zulkifli Aiyub Kadir ◽

Bahagia Bahagia

Keyword(s):

Water Conservation ◽

Vegetation Structure ◽

Swot Analysis ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Middle Stream ◽

Land Management System ◽

Study Sites ◽

Aleurites Moluccana ◽

Lansium Domesticum ◽

Agroforestry Practices

Humans have utilized landscape for produces a diverse character of the wider area of the watershed. Agroforestry is a land management system in addressing the problems that arise due to changes in land use of soil and water conservation. The aim of the study was to analyze plant diversity in agroforestry practices that have services in the Krueng watershed landscape in Aceh watershed. Develop strategies in the Krueng Aceh DAS agroforestry service. This research was conducted in the upper, middle and downstream of the Krueng Aceh watershed, with a rapid method of Agro-Biodiversity Appraisal and SWOT. The results showed that the composition of the vegetation structure found in the study sites tended to vary with the diversity index of agroforestry that was currently in the upstream and middle of the Krueng Aceh watershed. Based on SWOT analysis, internal scores are 2.45 and external scores are 3.21. Agroforestry practices in the upper stream of Krueng Aceh watershed were dominated by Aleurites moluccana, Areca cathecu, and Averrhoa bilimbi L species with the highest INP in the upper stream of Krueng Aceh watershed. Vegetation at the middle stream of Krueng Aceh watershed dominated by Areca cathecu, Lansium domesticum and Musa paradisiaca.

Download Full-text

Spatial regularities between non-immigrant and immigrant numbers in Canada

MIGRATION LETTERS ◽

10.33182/ml.v11i1.171 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 90-100

Author(s):

Yigit Aydede

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

National Scale ◽

Pooled Data

The present study intends to reveal spatial regularities between non-immigrant and immigrant numbers in two different ways. First, it questions the existence of those regularities when spatial scales get finer. Second, it uses pooled data over four population censuses covering the period from 1991 to 2006, which enabled us to apply appropriate techniques to remove those unobserved fixed effects so that the estimations would accurately identify the linkage between local immigrant and non-immigrant numbers. The results provide evidence about the existence of negative spatial regularities between non-immigrant and immigrant numbers in Canada at national scale.

Download Full-text

STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKRO ALGA DI PESISIR PULAU KECAMATAN BULANG

SIMBIOSA ◽

10.33373/sim-bio.v3i2.282 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Notowinarto Notowinarto ◽

Ramses Ramses ◽

Mulhairi Mulhairi

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Algal Species ◽

Algal Communities ◽

Marine Life ◽

Ph Values ◽

Abundance Patterns ◽

Coastal Marine ◽

Temperature Parameter ◽

Important Value Index

Bulang districts Batam Islands of Riau province (Riau Islands), its consists of many islands with as well as having the potential diversity of coastal marine life in particular kinds of macro algae or seaweed. Conducted research aimed to determine the structure of macro- algal communities in the intertidal zone islands. The results of the identification of algal species found 16 species are: the Order of Chlorophyceae as 6 spesies; Order Phaeophyceae as 2 spesies; and Order Rhodophyceae as 8 spesies. The community structure at the five stations showed the highest values were found in the island of dominance Cicir (D ' = 0.79) , uniformity index values on Tengah Island (E ' = 0.99) , while the island Balak had the highest diversity index (H ' = 0.88) , with the abundance patterns of population structure on the island is pretty good Central . Results of correlation analysis of regression between IVI types of algae with the conditions of environmental quality suggests that there is a significance (Fhit ˃ F table and the value of r = > 90 %) between IVI algae Halimeda sp and Cryptarachne polyglandulosa at each station with a temperature parameter surface (⁰C) , depth temperature (⁰C) and pH values. Keywords : Algae, Community Structure, Important Value Index.

Download Full-text