Evaluation of Grain Filling Rate and Duration in Bread and Durum Wheat, under Heat Stress after Anthesis

Abstract Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.

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Cell membrane stability- an important criterion for selection of heat tolerant genotypes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i4.1458 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 1894-1900

Author(s):

Anzer Ul Islam ◽

Ashok K. Chhabra ◽

Satyaveer S. Dhanda ◽

Renu Munjal

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Membrane Stability ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Cell Membrane Stability ◽

Grain Filling Rate ◽

Heat Tolerant

Cell membrane stability, grain filling rate, grain filling duration, canopy temperature and grain yield were used to evaluate performance of 100 diverse bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under timely sown and late sown heat stress conditions for two cropping season. The genotypes differed significantly for all the traits show-ing considerable variation for improvement of characters. The genotypes WH1165 had significant high grain yield (14.6* g and 11.4g) and (11.3* g and 11.4* g) followed by cell membrane stability under timely sown and heat stress conditions, respectively indicating potential tolerance against heat stress. Correlation coefficients revealed that cell membrane stability (0.451**) and (0.639**) in timely sown and in late sown conditions, respectively were the most important trait followed by grain filling rate (0.882** and 0.744**) under timely sown and late sown conditions respec-tively. Results revealed that bread wheat genotypes which had high value of cell membrane stability had high grain yield showed potential photorespiration and high grain filling rate under heat stress condition. Twenty two genotypes WH1021, WH1155, VL803, WH787, NW1014, Raj3765, HD1869, 2042, WH1124, HD2285, WH1133, HUW234, 4066, Sonak, UP2425, UP2473, PBW503, PBW373, PBW533, SGP13, HD2643 and WH789 were identified as heat tolerant genotypes based on their relative performance in yield components, grain yield and heat susceptibility indi-ces. These genotypes were found to be ideal candidates to be used in developing heat tolerant wheat varieties. Canopy temperature, membrane thermostability and grain filling rate have also shown strong correlation with grain yield. Because of this association, these traits constitute the best available ‘tool’ for genetic improvement of wheat suitable for cultivation under heat stressed environments. Thus, these could be used as indirect selection criteria for developing heat tolerant wheat genotypes that would provide sufficient yields to meet the ever increasing wheat demand.

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Molecular investigations on grain filling rate under terminal heat stress in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.5897/ajb12.2751 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (28) ◽

pp. 4439-4445 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ch Girish ◽

P ra ◽

ey ◽

Rane Jagadish ◽

Sareen Sindhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Grain Filling Rate ◽

Terminal Heat Stress

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Cluster Analysis of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Based Upon Response to Terminal Heat Stress

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v5i2.17614 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 188-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ankur Poudel ◽

Dhruba Bahadur Thapa ◽

Manoj Sapkota

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Normal Condition ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Thousand Kernel Weight ◽

Grain Filling Rate ◽

Terminal Heat Stress ◽

Grain Filling Duration ◽

Heat Susceptibility Index

High temperature stress adversely affects plant physiological processes; limiting plant growth and reducing grain yield. Heat stress is often encountered due to late sowing of wheat in winter. Fifty wheat genotypes were studied for days to maturity, thousand kernel weight, grain filling duration, grain filling rate, and SPAD reading in alpha lattice design at Agriculture and Forestry University at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal with the objective to identify superior heat stress tolerant varieties after clustering them based on their response to heat stress. All the genotypes were clustered using reduction in thousand kernel weight, heat susceptibility index for thousand kernel weight, heat susceptibility index for grain filling duration, area under SPAD retreat curve, maturity duration under normal condition, maturity duration at late sown condition, grain filling rate under normal condition and grain filling rate at late sown condition as variables and dendogram was prepared. UPGMA revealed that these genotypes formed five distinct clusters. The resistant genotypes and susceptible genotypes formed different clusters. The member of cluster 3 was found to be tolerant to terminal heat stress where as members of cluster 2 were found most susceptible to terminal heat stress. From this study genotype BAJ #1/SUP152 was found most tolerant to terminal heat stress. The genotypes belonging to superior cluster could be considered very useful in developing heat tolerant variety and other breeding activities.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 188-193

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Effect of PASP-KT-NAA on Leaf Senescence and Grain Filling Rate during the Grain-Filling Period in Different Temperature Zones

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2012.01698 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 1698-1709

Author(s):

Tian-Jun XU ◽

Zhi-Qiang DONG ◽

Jiao GAO ◽

Chuan-Xiao CHEN ◽

Liu JIAO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Senescence ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Grain Filling Rate ◽

Grain Filling Period

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ESTIMATION OF SOME GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR EARLINESS AND SOME VEGETATIVE TRAITS IN SOME HULLESS BARLEY GENOTYPES UNDER NORMAL AND WATER STRESS CONDITIONS

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.24297/jns.v2i2.5028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 117-132

Author(s):

Maamoun Ahmed Abdel-Moneam ◽

Sally E El-Wakeel ◽

M. S. Sultan ◽

A. A. Eid

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Normal Condition ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Grain Filling Rate ◽

Days To Heading ◽

Grain Filling Period ◽

Combined Data

This investigation was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, ARC, Egypt during the two growing seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). Seven lines and three testers were used to develop barley hybrids for earliness and vegetative traits under normal and water stress conditions. Data revealed that most of the variances due to genotypes, parents, crosses, parents x crosses, lines, testers and line x testers were highly significant for most studied traits under both conditions and their combined data. The water stress treatment decreased the mean of days to heading for parents and their hybrids. The parental Line-1, Tester-1 under all conditions and top cross no. 7 under normal and combined and cross no. 1 under stress were the earliest parents and crosses for days to heading. The stressed genotypes for water, matured earlier than genotypes grown under normal condition. The ratios of GCA/SCA were lesser than unity for all studied traits under all conditions, which mean that non-additive gene effects played an important role in the inheritance of these traits. In such cases, a bulk method would be fruitful to eliminate the effect of dominance in the advanced generation. Desirable significant GCA effects were showed by Line-1 under water stress and Tester-1 under all conditions for days to heading; Tester-1 under normal and combined for days to maturity; Line-2 under stress and Line-7 under normal condition for grain filling period; Line-4, Line-6 under both conditions and combined, Line-3 under normal, Line-7 under water stress, Tester-3 under both conditions and combined data for grain filling rate; Line-4 under both conditions and their combined data, Line-7 under water stress and combined data, Tester-2 under stress and combined data for flag leaf area; and Line-3 under normal, Line-2 and Line-7 under water stress for total chlorophyll content. Moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability were obtained for grain filling rate and total chlorophyll content, and high for flag leaf area. Small differences between genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability were found for all studied traits under all conditions, indicating the presence of sufficient genetic variability for these traits, which may facilitate selection. Broad sense heritability percentages ranged from moderate to high with percentages ranged from 10.82% for days to maturity at combined data to 97.30% for grain filling rate under normal condition. These results indicate that genotypic variances played the major part of phenotypic variances. Narrow sense heritability percentages varied from low to moderate with percentages ranged from 0.92 % for grain filling period at combined data to 18.92% for grain filling rate under normal condition. The expected genetic advance (Î”g) ranged from 0.02 for grain filling period at combined data to 0.36 for total chlorophyll conten under normal condition. While, the estimates of predicted genetic advance (Î”g %) ranged from 0.04% for grain filling period at combined data to 7.41% for grain filling rate under stress condition. Generally, traits that showed high values of narrow sense heritability and expected genetic advance from selection should be used in breeding program where selection in the early segregating generations will be useful because additive gene action is more important than non-additive genetic components.

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Heritability and mode of gene action determination for grain filling rate and relative water content in hexaploid wheat

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1201025g ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 25-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ahmad Golparvar

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Gene Action ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Grain Filling Rate ◽

Relative Water

Mode of gene action, heritability and determination of the effective breeding strategy for improvement of physiological and traits specifically in drought stress conditions is very important. Therefore, this study was conducted by using two drought susceptible and tolerant wheat cultivars. Cultivars Sakha8 (tolerant) and Pishtaz (susceptible) as parents along with F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 generations were sown in a randomized complete block design with three replications in drought stress conditions. Results of analysis of variance indicated significant difference between generations as well as degree of dominance revealed over-dominance for the both traits. Fitting simple additive-dominance model designated that this model was not able to account for changes of traits relative water content and mean of grain filling rate. It was revealed that m-d-h-i-j model for relative water content and m-d-h-i model for mean of grain filling rate are the best models. Estimation of heritability and mode of gene action indicated that selection for improvement of traits studied in stress condition and specifically in early generations have medium genetic gain. In conclusion, grain filling rate is better than relative water content as indirect selection criteria to improve plant grain yield in drought stress condition.

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Exploiting Grain-Filling Rate and Effective Grain-Filling Duration to Improve Grain Yield of Early-Maturing Maize

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2013.01.0032 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 2295-2303 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Edmore Gasura ◽

Peter Setimela ◽

Richard Edema ◽

Paul T. Gibson ◽

Patrick Okori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Grain Filling Rate ◽

Early Maturing ◽

Grain Filling Duration

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Effects of winter wheat season tillage on soil properties and yield of summer maize

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/692/2016-pse ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 22-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wang Yunqi ◽

Zhang Yinghua ◽

Wang Zhimin ◽

Tao Hongbin ◽

Zhou Shunli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Soil Bulk Density ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Filling Rate ◽

Summer Maize ◽

Maize Production ◽

Grain Filling Rate

The North China Plain (NCP) serves as China’s second most important maize production region. Rotary tillage, a popular method used in winter wheat/summer maize systems in the region, has adverse effects on maize production. The current study was conducted to determine whether rotary tillage after subsoiling in the winter wheat season (RS) improves the grain-filling rate and yield of summer maize by decreasing soil bulk density, when compared with rotary tillage (R), in the NCP. The RS treatment decreased soil bulk density and increased soil moisture in the summer maize season when compared with the R treatment. Root number under the RS treatment at 8 collar and silking stages was 22.4−35.3% and 8.0−11.7% greater than under the R treatment, respectively. The RS treatment significantly enhanced the grain-filling rate and grain weight as compared to the R treatment. Yield, thousand grain weight, biomass, and harvest index under the RS treatment were 7.7, 7.2, 2.3 and 5.3% higher than under the R treatment. Thousands grain weight was correlated with soil bulk density and soil moisture after silking. Consequently, the increase in grain weight and yield of summer maize resulted from the decrease in soil bulk density and a consequent increase in soil moisture, root number and grain-filling rate.

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Evaluation of cellular thermotolerance and associated heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under late sown condition

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.v49i6.6679 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chubasenla Aochen ◽

Pravin Prakash

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Grain Filling Rate ◽

Grain Filling Duration ◽

Membrane Thermostability ◽

Heat Susceptibility Index ◽

1000 Grain Weight

Fifty wheat genotypes were evaluated at the seedling stage of growth, for genetic variation in cellular thermotolerance by cell membrane thermostability (CMS) and Triphenyl tetrazolium choride (TTC) assays. A subset of eight genotypes was also evaluated at the anthesis stage using the same assays. Large and significant differences existed among wheat genotypes for TTC and CMS at the seedling and anthesis stages. Average thermotolerance declined from seedling to anthesis stage. Thermotolerance was well-correlated between growth stages among the eight genotypes for both CMS (r=0.95; p= 0.01) and TTC (r=0.92; p= 0.01). The correlation between TTC and CMS among the eight genotypes at seedling and anthesis stages was significant (r=0.95; p=0.01 and r =0.93; p= 0.01, respectively). The effect of heat stress on wheat genotypes selected on the basis of TTC and CMS thermotolerance ratings were evaluated. 1000-grain weight, grain filling duration (GFD) and grain filling rate (GFR) reduced under heat stress. The heat susceptibility index (S) revealed K-65 and Yangmai6 to be susceptible and NW-1014 and DBW-14 to be moderately tolerant to heat stress. GFR and 1000-grain weight were found to have highly significant positive correlation with CMS and TTC ratings at both seedling and anthesis stages.

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