Effect of selection for growth on normal and reduced protein diets on weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency and body composition in mice

Cow bodyweight gain, calf weaning weight, feed intake and maternal productivity of 500 Angus cows, in 64 replicate groups, were measured over three parities at two locations (Struan and Vasse) as part of the Beef CRC Maternal Productivity Project. The cows were sourced as heifers from the top and bottom 10% of BREEDPLAN Rib Fat EBV (High-Fat and Low-Fat), and from High and Low residual feed intake (RFI) selection lines (High-RFI and Low-RFI). Each of the four genotypes were run under High- and Low-Nutrition (measured as feed on offer) at both sites. The High-Fat cows were 7% more efficient at producing weaner calves under Low-Nutrition than were the Low-Fat cows. This was driven primarily by the 4% difference between the lines in weaning rate. When weaning rate differences were accounted for (as covariate), there was no difference between the Fat lines in the efficiency of weaner weight production. When the weight gain of the cow was included as an output in addition to calf weaning weight, there was also no difference between the Fat lines in efficiency. Low-RFI cows were always more efficient at producing weaner calves than were the High-RFI cows. This was primarily driven through a 7% reduction in annual feed intake (across both nutrition treatments). However, the Low-RFI cows were leaner, had 6.3% lower weaning rate and calved on average 5.4 days later than did the High-RFI cows. Furthermore, the largest differences in feed intake were in spring when feed availability is greatest. In the context of the results herein, a balanced breeding program should include selection for improved reproduction and low RFI.

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Genetic parameters and breed differences for feed efficiency, growth, and body composition traits of young beef bulls

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a03-085 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 177-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

F. S. Schenkel ◽

S. P. Miller ◽

J. W. Wilton

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Genetic Correlation ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Residual Feed Intake ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Beef Bulls

Genetic associations between feed efficiency, growth, and live ultrasound measured body composition traits were studied in purebred beef bulls of six breeds in Ontario bull test stations from 1991 to 2000. Feed traits included average daily feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and residual feed intake [feed intake adjusted for production alone (RFIp) or production and backfat thickness (RFIb)]. Growth traits were average daily weight gain (ADG), mid-test metabolic weight (MW), hip height (HH), and scrotal circumference (SC). Body composition traits included ultrasound backfat thickness (BF), longissimus muscle area (LMA), and predicted percentage of intramuscular fat (IFAT). Bulls were measured every 28 d for weight and individual feed intake, and at the end of test for ultrasound body composition traits. Number of records per trait ranged from 2284 (FI) to 13 319 (ADG). Fixed effects of test group, breed and end of test age (within breed), and random effects of animal and herd of origin were modeled using REML bivariate analyses for all traits. Heritability estimates were moderate for all traits (0.30 to 0.55), except for IFAT (0.14). The genetic correlation between RFIp and RFIb was high (0.99) within breeds, but breeds ranked differently with respect to RFIp and RFIb. Genetic correlations of RFIb with ADG and backfat thickness were essentially zero, which indicate that selection on residual feed intake could be implemented to reduce feed intake and improve feed conversion without compromising growth or changing levels of subcutaneous fat. Key words: Central test, genetic correlation, heritability, residual feed intake

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PSVIII-38 Late-Breaking Abstract: Estimating genetic parameters of feed efficiency traits in American mink

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.612 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 347-347

Author(s):

Pourya Davoudi ◽

Duy Ngoc Do ◽

Guoyu Hu ◽

Siavash Salek Ardestani ◽

Younes Miar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Genetic Correlation ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

American Mink ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Selection For

Abstract Feed cost is the major input cost in the mink industry and thus improvement of feed efficiency through selection for high feed efficient mink is necessary for the mink farmers. The objective of this study was to estimate the heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations for different feed efficiency measures, including final body weight (FBW), daily feed intake (DFI), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). For this purpose, 1,088 American mink from the Canadian Center for Fur Animal Research at Dalhousie Faculty of Agriculture were recorded for daily feed intake and body weight from August 1 to November 14 in 2018 and 2019. The univariate models were used to test the significance of sex, birth year and color as fixed effects, and dam as a random effect. Genetic parameters were estimated via bivariate models using ASReml-R version 4. Estimates of heritabilities (±SE) were 0.41±0.10, 0.37±0.11, 0.33±0.14, 0.24±0.09 and 0.22±0.09 for FBW, DFI, ADG, FCR and RFI, respectively. The genetic correlation (±SE) was moderate to high between FCR and RFI (0.68±0.15) and between FCR and ADG (-0.86±0.06). In addition, RFI had low non-significant (P > 0.05) genetic correlations with ADG (0.04 ± 0.26) and BW (0.16 ± 0.24) but significant (P < 0.05) high genetic correlation with DFI (0.74 ± 0.11) indicating that selection for lower RFI will reduce feed intake without adverse effects on the animal size and growth rate. The results suggested that RFI can be implemented in genetic/genomic selection programs to reduce feed intake in the mink production system.

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EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS FEEDING OF RAPESEED MEAL ON GROWTH OF DAIRY CALVES AND SUBSEQUENT FIRST LACTATION YIELD

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas71-090 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 681-686 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. R. INGALLS ◽

M. E. SEALE

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Milk Production ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Rapeseed Meal ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Continuous Feeding

Thirty dairy heifer calves were reared from birth to calving on rations containing 0, 6.8 or 13.7% rapeseed meal in substitution for soybean meal. The level of rapeseed meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect feed intake, weight gain or feed efficiency of heifers up to breeding weight (330–340 kg). The level of rapeseed meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect reproduction or milk production during the first lactation. However, there may have been a trend for lower conception rate and milk fat production during first lactation with the higher level of rapeseed meal.

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Challenge with fumonisins B1 and B2 changes IGF-1 and GHR mRNA expression in liver of Nile tilapia fingerlings

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2017.2208 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 237-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S.C. Claudino-Silva ◽

B. Lala ◽

N.H.A.P. Mora ◽

C.R. Schamber ◽

C.S. Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Growth Hormone Receptor ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Insulin Growth Factor ◽

Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

Although fumonisins are identified as responsible for alterations in weight gain, little information is available on their effects on expression of growth-related genes, especially for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. In this study, Nile tilapia fingerlings were treated with increasing levels of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) (diets of 0, 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg) to evaluate their effects on weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed efficiency (FE), growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mRNA expression in liver of this fish. All variables were evaluated at 15 and 30 days of treatment. Diet containing 0 mg fumonisin/kg was used as control treatment. Treatment with 20, 40, and 60 mg fumonisin/kg of diet significantly reduced WG (P<0.0001) and FE (P<0.0001), while GHR and IGF-1 mRNA expression was reduced both at 15 and 30 days of treatment. Feed intake was not affected by diets in any of the evaluated periods. These results indicate that fumonisins (FB1 + FB2) affect the growth of Nile tilapia fingerlings through mechanisms that involve reduction of GHR and IGF-1 expression.

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434 Late-Breaking: Expression of Growth hormone Gene (GH) and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-2) in metabolic tissues of pigs are affected by unconventional dietary feed sources

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 42-43

Author(s):

Ufuoma G Sorhue ◽

Ikenna Omeje ◽

Ifeanyichukwu udeh ◽

Adimabua M Moemeka ◽

Raphael E Onainor

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Growth Hormone Gene ◽

Feed Conversion

Abstract This study was conducted to examine the growth performance and expression patterns of growth hormone gene and insulin-like growth factor in metabolic tissues of pigs fed different unconventional feed sources. A total of 45 growing pigs were randomly assigned to 5 dietary treatments at 9 animals per treatment and 3 animals per replicate. Treatment one (T1) comprise of whole maize (WM) which served as the control, T2: brewers dried grain (BDG), T3: cassava peel meal (CPM), T4: plantain peel meal (PPM) and T5: corn husk meal (CHM) at 35% inclusion in the diet. Data collected and analyzed includes; initial body weight (IBW), final body weight (FBW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency (FE). At the end of the feeding trial, three animals per treatment (one animal per replicate) were slaughtered; the duodenum and liver were collected and stored using RNALater prior to RNA extraction. Real-time qPCR was performed in 40cycles using the PowerUp SYBR Green reagent and analysed using the Delta-Delta Ct method. All data were subjected to analysis of variance in a completely randomized design. The results showed that the treatment diets had effect on growth performance with significant differences (P < 0.05) observed for average final weight, average total weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency while the initial weight were not significantly different (P > 0.05). IGF-2 was differentially expressed in the liver and duodenum across treatments while significant differences were not observed in the expression pattern of the growth hormone gene in both tissues. This study showed promise for the use of unconventional feeding stuffs in pig feeding and reveals that genes influencing performance characters are differentially expressed in relation to the source of unconventional feeds used in compounding pig diet.

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Dietary tyrosine supplementation enhances weight gain in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y84-128 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 62 (7) ◽

pp. 781-786 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. Theresa Glanville ◽

G. Harvey Anderson

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Specific Increase ◽

Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats ◽

Similar Body ◽

Protein Diets

The effect of dietary protein concentration and tyrosine supplementation on growth in streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, ip) diabetic rats was evaluated. When rats were fed diets ranging from 15 to 60% protein, weight gain and feed efficiency were greatest in rats fed the 45% protein diet. Adding tyrosine to this diet (8%, incorporated as a percentage of protein) did not promote further weight gain relative to nonsupplemented diabetic animals. In contrast, rats choosing 45% of total calories as protein by selecting from 10 and 60% protein diets supplemented with either 0, 4, or 8% tyrosine demonstrated a 35% (4% tyrosine) to 45% (8% tyrosine) increase in weight gain. Proximate analysis indicated similar body composition in tyrosine supplemented and nonsupplemented diabetic animals. Including tryptophan (1.45%) with tyrosine in the self-selection diet was without effect. Thus, tyrosine supplementation promoted a modest but consistent and specific increase in weight gained by self-selecting diabetic rats.

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