Needed: A Ban on the Significance Test

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Significance Test ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Research Review ◽  
High Error Rate ◽  
Coin Toss ◽  
Average Error Rate ◽  
Study Results

The significance test as currently used is a disaster Whereas most researchers falsely believe that the significance test has an error rate of 5%, empirical studies show the average error rate across psychology is 60%–12 times higher than researchers think it to be The error rate for inference using the significance test is greater than the error rate using a coin toss to replace the empirical study The significance test has devastated the research review process Comprehensive reviews cite conflicting results on almost every issue Yet quantitatively accurate review of the same results shows that the apparent conflicts stem almost entirely from the high error rate for the significance test If 60% of studies falsely interpret their primary results, then reviewers who base their reviews on the interpreted study “findings” will have a 100% error rate in concluding that there is conflict between study results

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Simulasi Komputer untuk Pembelajaran Fisika pada Topik Selektor Kecepatan dengan Metode Numerik Euler

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Hari Anggit Cahyo Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Physics Learning ◽  
Second Order Differential Equations ◽  
Average Error Rate

Salah satu kesulitan dalam pembelajaran fisika adalah sedikitnya alat peraga atau praktikum yang mampu menggambarkan secara nyata fenomena fisis. Topik tersebut misalnya medan listrik dan medan magnet, khususnya pada topik selektor kecepatan pada spektrometer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan simulasi komputer untuk pembelajaran Fisika pada topik gerak partikel dalam selektor kecepatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan sikuensial linier. Model pengembangan perangkat ini dipilih karena sangat mudah diaplikasikan, serta dapat dengan mudah dilakukan verifikasi dan testing pada setiap tahapnya. Pengembangan ini menggunakan perangkat lunak Microsoft VBA Excel. Metode numerik yang dipilih adalah metode numerik Euler dengan menyelesaikan secara numerik persamaan differensial orde dua persamaan gerak partikel tersebut. Hasil pengembangan simulasi ini didapatkan tingkat kesalahan setiap titik pada metode numerik dan analitik rata-rata yaitu sebesar 0.52 %. Hasil validasi simulasi tersebut mendapatkan nilai rata-rata 3,38 yang berdasarkan referensi nilai tersebut tergolong layak, sehingga pengembangan simulasi ini dapat disimpulkan memiliki arti fisis gerak partikel dalam selektor kecepatan.   Design of Computer Simulation for Physics Learning on Velocity  Selector Topic Using Euler Numerical Method One of the difficulties in learning physics is the less of teaching media or practicums that able to describe phenomena on the electric and magnetizm topic clearly. For example the topic is electric and magnetic field, particularly velocity selector in spectrometer. The aim of this research is to develop simulation for physics learning in this topic is expected as a solution. This research use sequential linear model development. The advantage of this model is simple to understand, each phase has specific deliverables and a review process. We use Microsoft VBA Excel to develop simulation. The Euler numerical method is used to solve the second-order differential equations of the particle’s motion. The error rate of each point in the numerical and analytical method is calculated and results the average error rate 0.52%. Validation result of this simulation gets an average score 3.38. Based on the reference, that score is concidered to be reasonable, so the development of this simulation can be concluded as a good physical interpretation.

Image Processing Based on Three-Dimensional Stereo Vision

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 5017-5020
Author(s):  
Ting Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Stereo Vision ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Method ◽  
Stereoscopic Vision ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Average Error Rate

Three-dimensional stereo vision technology has the capability of overcoming drawbacks influencing by light, posture and occluder. A novel image processing method is proposed based on three-dimensional stereoscopic vision, which optimizes model on the basis of camera binocular vision and in improvement of adding constraints to traditional model, moreover ensures accuracy of later location and recognition. To verify validity of the proposed method, firstly marking experiments are conducted to achieve fruit location, with the result of average error rate of 0.65%; and then centroid feature experiments are achieved with error from 5.77mm to 68.15mm and reference error rate from 1.44% to 5.68%, average error rate of 3.76% while the distance changes from 300mm to 1200mm. All these data of experiments demonstrate that proposed method meets the requirements of three-dimensional imageprocessing.

Detection of Microbubbles Using the Hough Transform

2013 ◽  
Vol 378 ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Mitani ◽  
Toshitaka Oki
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Hough Transform ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Average Error Rate ◽  
Processing Techniques

The microbubble has been widely used and shown to be effective in various fields. Therefore, there is an importance of measuring accurately its size by image processing techniques. In this paper, we propose a detection method of microbubbles by the approach based on the Hough transform. Experimental results show only 4.49% of the average error rate of the undetected microbubbles and incorrectly detected ones. This low percentage of the error rate shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Spin Wave Based Approximate 4:2 Compressor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulqader Mahmoud ◽  
Frederic Vanderveken ◽  
Florin Ciubotaru ◽  
Christoph Adelmann ◽  
Said Hamdioui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Directional Coupler ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Majority Gate ◽  
Micromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Average Error Rate

In this paper, we propose an energy efficient SW based approximate 4:2 compressor comprising a 3-input and a 5-input Majority gate. We validate our proposal by means of micromagnetic simulations, and assess and compare its performance with one of the state-of-the-art SW, 45nm CMOS, and Spin-CMOS counterparts. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed compressor consumes 31.5\% less energy in comparison with its accurate SW design version. Furthermore, it has the same energy consumption and error rate as the approximate compressor with Directional Coupler (DC), but it exhibits 3x lower delay. In addition, it consumes 14% less energy, while having 17% lower average error rate than the approximate 45nm CMOS counterpart. When compared with the other emerging technologies, the proposed compressor outperforms approximate Spin-CMOS based compressor by 3 orders of magnitude in term of energy consumption while providing the same error rate. Finally, the proposed compressor requires the smallest chip real-estate measured in terms of devices.

scholarly journals Spin Wave Based Approximate Computing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulqader Mahmoud ◽  
Frederic Vanderveken ◽  
Florin Ciubotaru ◽  
Christoph Adelmann ◽  
Said Hamdioui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Magnetic Tunnel Junction ◽  
Domain Wall Motion ◽  
Full Adder ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Approximate Computing ◽  
Average Error Rate

By their very nature Spin Waves (SWs) enable the realization of energy efficient circuits as they propagate and interfere within waveguides without consuming noticeable energy. However, SW computing can be even more energy efficient by taking advantage of the approximate computing paradigm as many applications are error-tolerant like multimedia and social media. In this paper we propose an ultra-low energy novel Approximate Full Adder (AFA) and a 2-bit inputs Multiplier (AMUL). The approximate FA consists of one Majority gate while the approximate MUL is built by means of 3 AND gates. We validate the correct functionality of our proposal by means of micromagnetic simulations and evaluate the approximate FA figure of merit against state-of-the-art accurate SW, 7nm CMOS, Spin Hall Effect (SHE), Domain Wall Motion (DWM), accurate and approximate 45nm CMOS, Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ), and Spin-CMOS FA implementations. Our results indicate that AFA consumes 43% and 33% less energy than state-of-the-art accurate SW and 7nm CMOS FA, respectively, and saves 69% and 44% when compared with accurate and approximate 45nm CMOS, respectively, and provides a 2 orders of magnitude energy reduction when compared with accurate SHE, accurate and approximate DWM, MTJ, and Spin-CMOS, counterparts. In addition, it achieves the same error rate as approximate 45nm CMOS and Spin-CMOS FA whereas it exhibits 50% less error rate than the approximate DWM FA. Furthermore, it outperforms its contenders in terms of area by saving at least 29% chip real-estate. AMUL is evaluated and compared with state-of-the-art accurate SW and 16nm CMOS accurate and approximate state-of-the-art designs. The evaluation results indicate that it saves at least 2x and 5x energy in comparison with the state-of-the-art SW designs and 16nm CMOS accurate and approximate designs, respectively, and has an average error rate of 10%, while the approximate CMOS MUL has an average error rate of 12.5%, and requires at least 64% less chip real-estate.

scholarly journals Soil water content estimation using ground penetrating radar data via group intelligence optimization algorithms: An application in the Northern Shaanxi Coal Mining Area

2020 ◽  
pp. 014459872097336
Author(s):  
Fan Cui ◽  
Jianyu Ni ◽  
Yunfei Du ◽  
Yuxuan Zhao ◽  
Yingqing Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Average Error Rate ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The determination of quantitative relationship between soil dielectric constant and water content is an important basis for measuring soil water content based on ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology. The calculation of soil volumetric water content using GPR technology is usually based on the classic Topp formula. However, there are large errors between measured values and calculated values when using the formula, and it cannot be flexibly applied to different media. To solve these problems, first, a combination of GPR and shallow drilling is used to calibrate the wave velocity to obtain an accurate dielectric constant. Then, combined with experimental moisture content, the intelligent group algorithm is applied to accurately build mathematical models of the relative dielectric constant and volumetric water content, and the Topp formula is revised for sand and clay media. Compared with the classic Topp formula, the average error rate of sand is decreased by nearly 15.8%, the average error rate of clay is decreased by 31.75%. The calculation accuracy of the formula has been greatly improved. It proves that the revised model is accurate, and at the same time, it proves the rationality of the method of using GPR wave velocity calibration method to accurately calculate the volumetric water content.

Localization–compensation algorithm based on the Mean kShift and the Kalman filter

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1540020
Author(s):  
Dong Myung Lee ◽  
Tae Wan Kim ◽  
Yun-Hae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Mean Shift ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Compensation Algorithm ◽  
Average Error Rate ◽  
The Mean

In this paper, we propose a localization simulator based on the random walk/waypoint mobility model and a hybrid-type location–compensation algorithm using the Mean kShift/Kalman filter (MSKF) to enhance the precision of the estimated location value of mobile modules. From an analysis of our experimental results, the proposed algorithm using the MSKF can better compensate for the error rates, the average error rate per estimated distance moved by the mobile node ( Err _ Rate DV ) and the error rate per estimated trace value of the mobile node ( Err _ Rate TV ) than the Mean shift or Kalman filter up to a maximum of 29% in a random mobility environment for the three scenarios.

Toward Benchmarking of Microscopic Traffic Flow Models

2003 ◽  
Vol 1852 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Brockfeld ◽  
Reinhart D. Kühne ◽  
Alexander Skabardonis ◽  
Peter Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Rural Road ◽  
Average Error Rate ◽  
Traffic Flow Models ◽  
Different Parts

Several microscopic traffic flow models were tested with a publicly available data set. The task was to predict the travel times between several observers along a one-lane rural road, given as boundary conditions the flow into this road and the flow out of it. By using nonlinear optimization, the best matching set of parameters for each of the models was estimated. For this particular data set, the models that performed best were the ones with the smallest number of parameters. The average error rate of the best models is about 16%; however, this value is not very reliable: the error rate fluctuates between 2.5% and 25% for different parts of the data set.

Algorithm Based on Multiple Features for Recognition of E.coli Promoter Region

2011 ◽  
Vol 48-49 ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Wei Ao ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Wan Qin Xiang ◽  
Xiao Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Error Rate ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Negative Data ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Average Error Rate ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Nonlinear Classifier

A promoter plays an important role in the transcription of DNA sequences; its recognition is very significant. This paper concerns about the problem of extracting information from a given DNA region and to make predictions whether it contains a promoter. We incorporate three types of information to access the significance of a promoter, information on content and information on structure, and then these information are used in a trained nonlinear classifier. The results show that our method performs well and achieve 13.4% average error rate on positive and negative data from non-coding regions and 17.0% average error rate on positive and negative data from coding regions.

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