Residual Religiosity on a Hull Council Estate

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-504
Author(s):  
Peter G. Forster
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
High Level

In the 1960s it was widely assumed that a process of secularisation was taking place and was likely to continue. Recent empirical data about a council estate, which among other things relate religious variables to age, are thought to throw light on such questions. These findings demonstrate that ‘religiosity’ tends to increase with age, but that for certain purposes important elements of residual religiosity remain. The decline in Sunday School is particularly noteworthy, and suggests a movement in the direction of a ‘voluntary’ church. Remaining churchgoers have a high level of commitment, suggesting that a move from church to sect can operate in the mainstream church.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN METODE BERMAIN AKTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERILAKU IMAN DAN SOSIAL ANAK USIA KELAS BALITA DI SEKOLAH MINGGU GEREJA BETHEL INDONESIA TANAH ABANG [THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACTIVE PLAY METHOD TO IMPROVE THE FAITH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN IN THE SUNDAY SCHOOL OF BETHEL CHURCH INDONESIA, TANAH ABANG]

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Michaella Prawatya
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Active Play ◽  
Learning Time ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

<p>The Nursery Sunday School of GBI Tanah Abang was accustomed to share God’s words by story telling method. Nevertheless, the method raised issues, where the children easily got bored and their faith as well as social behavior were not improved. Based on those issues, the teacher was eager to look for improvement by carrying out classroom action research through active play method. This study aimed at: (1) describing the implementation of active playing method, (2) analyzing children’s faith and social behaviors, (3) identifying the obstacles of active-play method’s implementation. Prior to this study, seven children were chosen as research subjects to participate in three cycles. The data was obtained by observation, field notes, teacher’s interview, lesson plan documentation, and parents’ questionnaires. The study results: (1) improving actions are done according to the active playing method sequences with improvements on the next cycle (2) 86% of all students achieve high level of faith behavior (3) 71% of all students reach intermediate to high level of social behavior (4) arising obstacles are the limitations of students in communication, lack of knowledge and preparation of teachers regarding to playing method, learning time constraints, as well as the limitations of existing facilities.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: </strong>Sekolah minggu GBI Tanah Abang memiliki kelas untuk anak usia Balita, di mana, firman Tuhan biasa dibagikan dengan menggunakan metode bercerita. Namun hal tersebut membuat anak-anak cepat bosan serta iman dan perilaku sosialnya tidak berkembang. Berdasarkan kerisauan guru tersebut maka dilakukan tindakan perbaikan berupa penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menerapkan metode bermain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan penerapan metode bermain, (2) menganalisis perilaku iman dan sosial anak, (3) mengidentifikasi kendala-kendala dalam penerapan metode bermain. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus, dengan subjek tujuh anak. Data didapat melalui  observasi, catatan lapangan, wawancara guru, dokumentasi RPP, dan kuesioner kepada orang tua. Setelah itu data dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) tindakan perbaikan dilakukan sesuai dengan langkah metode bermain dengan penyempurnaan pada siklus berikutnya, (2) terlihat peningkatan perilaku iman hingga 86% siswa mencapai tingkat tinggi, (3) terlihat peningkatan perilaku sosial hingga 71% siswa mencapai tingkat sedang hingga tinggi, (4) kendala-kendala yang dihadapi antara lain keterbatasan siswa dalam berkomunikasi, kurangnya pengetahuan dan persiapan guru mengenai metode bermain, keterbatasan waktu pembelajaran, serta keterbatasan fasilitas yang ada.</p>

Radical translation and radical interpretation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger F. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Truth Conditions ◽  
Radical Interpretation ◽  
Truth Theory ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Radical translation is the setting of a thought experiment conceived by W.V. Quine in the late 1950s. In that setting a linguist undertakes to translate into English some hitherto unknown language – one which is neither historically nor culturally linked to any known language. It is further supposed that the linguist has no access to bilinguals versed in the two languages, English and (what Quine called) ‘Jungle’. Thus, the only empirical data the linguist has to go on in constructing a ‘Jungle-to-English’ translation manual are instances of the native speakers’ behaviour in publicly recognizable circumstances. Reflecting upon the fragmentary nature of these data, Quine draws the following conclusions: - It is very likely that the theoretical sentences of ‘Jungle’ can be translated as wholes into English in incompatible yet equally acceptable ways. In other words, translation of theoretical sentences is indeterminate. On the assumption that a sentence and its translation share the same meaning, the import of indeterminacy of translation is indeterminacy of meaning: the meanings of theoretical sentences of natural languages are not fixed by empirical data. The fact is, the radical translator is bound to impose about as much meaning as they discover. This result (together with the dictum ‘no entity without identity’) undermines the idea that propositions are meanings of sentences. - Neither the question of which ‘Jungle’ expressions are to count as terms nor the question of what object(s), if any, a ‘Jungle’ term refers to can be answered by appealing merely to the empirical data. In short, the empirical data do not fix reference. The idea of radical interpretation was developed by Donald Davidson in the 1960s and 1970s as a modification and extension of Quine’s idea of radical translation. Quine is concerned with the extent to which empirical data determine the meanings of sentences of a natural language. In the setting of radical interpretation, Davidson is concerned with a different question, the question of what a person could know that would enable them to interpret another’s language. For example, what could one know that would enable the interpretation of the German sentence ‘Es regnet’ as meaning that it is raining? The knowledge required for interpretation differs from the knowledge required for translation, for one could know that ‘Es regnet’ is translated as ‘Il pleut’ without knowing the meaning (the interpretation) of either sentence. Beginning with the knowledge that the native speaker holds certain sentences true when in certain publicly recognizable circumstances, Davidson’s radical interpreter strives to understand the meanings of those sentences. Davidson argues that this scenario reveals that interpretation centres on one’s having knowledge comparable to an empirically verified, finitely based, recursive specification of the truth-conditions for an infinity of sentences – a Tarski-like truth theory. Thus, Quine’s radical translation and Davidson’s radical interpretation should not be regarded as competitors, for although the methodologies employed in the two contexts are similar, the two contexts are designed to answer different questions. Moreover, interpretation is broader than translation; sentences that cannot be translated can still be interpreted.

An Empirical Study to Find the Road-map for Understanding Online Buying Practices of Indian Youths

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhajit Bhattachary ◽  
Vijeta Anand
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Online Retail ◽  
Online Store ◽  
The Road ◽  
Brand Association ◽  
Road Map ◽  
High Level ◽  
Online Buying

The growing importance & popularity of online buying is very much substantial and quite evident in India these days. In this present study, there is a truthful attempt to identify the component which are having connections with online retail brand association and studding the process to construct brand association with the effects of the different influencers pertaining to online buying. The present study also focuses in explaining how that brand association converts into buying intentions of Indian youth customer. The research is based on empirical data. The outcomes of this current research will be helpful for the online marketers, online store developers, online store promotion managers and consultants to take a deeper look into what best can be done with the online retail brands to generate a high level of connectivity with the Indian youth market.

The Small-Group Ministry Movement of the Last Four Decades

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-559
Author(s):  
Harley Atkinson ◽  
Joshua Rose
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
Small Group Ministry ◽  
Christian Formation ◽  
Group Movement ◽  
Current State ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Group Ministry ◽  
The Church

The modern small-group movement emerged in the 1960s as small groups slowly began to replace the Sunday school as the preferred context for doing Christian formation in the local church. This article summarizes the development of the small-group ministry movement of the last four decades, addresses the current state of small groups in the church, and concludes with brief comments on the future of small groups in the church.

Reproductive mortality and its relation to different methods of birth control

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Högberg ◽  
Stig Wall
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
The Us ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
High Level ◽  
Family Planning Methods

SummaryThis report evaluates the decrease in maternal mortality and its relation to family planning methods in Sweden during the years 1911–80. In the 1930s fertility was low but illegal abortions were at a high level and the associated maternal death rate was 18·5 per 1000 women. With the legalization of abortion and the introduction of modern contraceptive methods, the crude reproductive mortality rate in 1965–70 was 1·7 per 100,000 women and this was reduced still further, especially for younger women, by the late 1970s. Standardized reproductive mortality was then 80% higher than the crude rate, indicating the importance of modern family planning methods. Mortality associated with oral contraceptive or IUD use in Sweden during the 1960s and 1970s was lower than in England and the US. Mortality associated with sterilization was 6·2 per 100,000 procedures.

How in the World Did We Ever Get into That Mode? Mode Error and Awareness in Supervisory Control

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine B. Sarter ◽  
David D. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercial Glass ◽  
Glass Cockpit ◽  
High Level ◽  
Underlying Processes

New technology is flexible in the sense that it provides practitioners with a large number of functions and options for carrying out a given task under different circumstances. However, this flexibility has a price. Because the human supervisor must select the mode best suited to a particular situation, he or she must know more than before about system operations and the operation of the system as well as satisfy new monitoring and attentional demands to track which mode the automation is in and what it is doing to manage the underlying processes. When designers proliferate modes without supporting these new cognitive demands, new mode-related error forms and failure paths can result. Mode error has been discussed in human-computer interaction for some time; however, the increased capabilities and the high level of autonomy of new automated systems appear to have created new types of mode-related problems. We explore these new aspects based on results from our own and related studies of human-automation interaction. In particular, we draw on empirical data from a series of studies of pilot-automation interaction in commercial glass cockpit aircraft to illustrate the nature, circumstances, and potential consequences of mode awareness problems in supervisory control of automated resources. The result is an expanded view of mode error that takes into account the new demands imposed by more automated systems.

scholarly journals General questions of building the stage of pre-competition training

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
V.I. Tereshchenko ◽  
B.M. Koropatov ◽  
P.V. Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Fundamental Importance ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Training Stage ◽  
High Result ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
High Level

Success in competition is ensured by long-term preparation, but direct pre-competition training (DPT) is of fundamental importance, with the help of which athletes must bring themselves to a state of high or the highest working capacity. Modern views on the essence and construction of preliminary training stage most intensively began to be formed since the 1960s. The reason for this was the appearance of such fundamental projects, such as "Periodization of sports training" by L.P. Matveva, "The current system of sports training" by N.G. Ozolina, "The coach of athletics trainer" ed. L.S. Khomenkovoi. The success in competitions is provided by long-term training, but fundamental importance has a direct pre-competition training (DPT), by which athletes should lead themselves to a state of high or the highest efficiency. If the goal of competition is only of training or control nature and athlete is not eager to achieve a high result, then DPT is not necessary before the starts. Such a combination of the process of training and participation in competitions may occur in the first competitions at the beginning of the competitive period. However, when there is a participating in high-level competitions or even more in the culminating competitions, in such an event, DPT is essential. Mistakes in the building of the phase of the DPT are often the reason not only for an unsuccessful speech in the main competition, but it is also the reason for a slowed down growth of achievements and even deterioration of them. All training of an athlete can be considered successful if he shows the best result in the crucial competition with a significant progress in his accomplishments.

scholarly journals Confirmatory Factors Analysis Practice Level and Guidelines for Developing Teachers' Performance Standards and Conduct Standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Songsak Phusee-orn
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
High Level ◽  
Confirmatory Factors

The objectives of this research are 1) to analyze the confirmatory factors performance standards and conduct standards of teachers who have been certified through the Teachers&#39; Council of Professional Knowledge Standards training 2) to study the level of compliance with performance standards and conduct standards, and 3) to study the development guidelines according to performance standards and conduct standards. The samples consisted of 348 persons who passed the teachers&#39; professional knowledge training standard of the Teachers Council of Thailand by Multi-Stage Random Sampling. The instruments used to collect data are: quality-validated questionnaires from experts and try out before use. Analyze data with Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis, S.D., and Content Analysis. The results of the research were as follows: 1) The second-order confirmatory factors analysis on performance standards showed that the model was consistent with the empirical data. It shows that the performance standard consisted of 12 factors. In terms of conduct standards, it found that the model was consistent with the empirical data additionally. It showed that the standard of conduct consisted of 5 factors. 2) Compliance with overall performance standards is at a high level and conduct standards are at a very high level. 3) There are seven development guidelines according to performance standards and six guidelines for development according to the conduct standards which the experts have approved.

scholarly journals Electronic Petitions and Institutional Modernization. International Parliamentary E-Petition Systems in Comparative Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Lindner ◽  
Ulrich Riehm
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Civic Involvement ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Scottish Parliament ◽  
German Bundestag ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Stage

Since 2000, a number of parliaments and governments have introduced electronic petitions systems (e-petitions). Compared to most other means of e-participation made available by public institutions, e-petitions have moved beyond the experimental stage and are characterized by a high level of institutionalization and procedural maturity. Hence, the field of e-petitioning is particularly promising if the relationship between public institutions and Internet-based participation channels is to be better understood. Based on empirical data generated in the research project "Public electronic petitions and civic involvement" conducted on behalf of the German Bundestag, the article undertakes an analysis of the e-petition systems of the Scottish Parliament, the Parliament of Queensland, the Bundestag and the Norwegian Municipalities in comparative perspective. Apart from presenting the systems’ main technical and procedural features and selected user statistics, the article attempts to explain the high attractiveness of e-petitions for parliaments and governments.

Risk of Contract Growth and Opportunistic Behavior

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Brugaard Villmo ◽  
Tim Torvatn ◽  
Jan Terje Karlsen
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Atlas Detector ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Opportunistic Behavior ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
High Level ◽  
Depth Interviews

This paper explores the risk associated with contract growth and opportunistic behavior in contractors with a special focus on the management of changes and interfaces. The study compares two successful megaprojects, the Gudrun oil platform by Statoil in the North Sea and the ATLAS detector at CERN. The empirical data were obtained using in-depth interviews with key personnel at Statoil and CERN. The study makes three significant contributions to knowledge: (1) megaprojects can benefit from having a high level of staffing since management costs are relatively small compared to construction costs; (2) when part of the end design is left to contractors, the contractors are given an opening to act in an opportunistic manner, which can cause contract growth; and (3) when a high level of integration is performed in-house, companies can take an extreme cost-driven approach to contracting.

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