The Musical Composition of Social Reality? Music, Action and Reflexivity

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tia DeNora
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social Life ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Music Analysis ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Social Content ◽  
Sociology Of Music ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Recent Developments

Developments in the sociology of music during the 1980s have brought the sub-field more firmly in to the center of sociological concerns. The worlds' concept, and the concern with music and social status have helped to ground and specify links between music and society. Meanwhile however, questions concerning music's social content have been sidelined. This paper explores music as an active ingredient in the constitution of lived experience. As with other cultural/technical forms, music provides a resource for the articulation of thought and activity. Bodily conduct and movement, the experience of time, and social character within opera are used to illustrate this point. Recent developments in feminist music analysis have been suggestive for the ways in which music metaphorizes social processes and categories of being. These developments can enrich the sociology of music. However, as with all attempts to ‘read’ music's social content, they should be conceived as claims made by analysts who are themselves engaged in social projects. Analytical readings of music have no a priori claim of privilege. A constructivist sociology of music should therefore be devoted to the question of how specific music users forge links between musical significance and social life. A sociology of the construction and deployment of musical realities is capable of avoiding the naive positivism otherwise implicit in attempts to ‘read’ music's social content.

Pragmatic Reconstruction in Jurisprudence: Features of a Realistic Legal Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-202
Author(s):  
Brian Z. Tamanaha
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Coercive Force ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Universal Feature ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
Theory Of Law

A century ago the pragmatists called for reconstruction in philosophy. Philosophy at the time was occupied with conceptual analysis, abstractions, a priori analysis, and the pursuit of necessary, universal truths. Pragmatists argued that philosophy instead should center on the pressing problems of the day, which requires theorists to pay attention to social complexity, variation, change, power, consequences, and other concrete aspects of social life. The parallels between philosophy then and jurisprudence today are striking, as I show, calling for a pragmatism-informed theory of law within contemporary jurisprudence. In the wake of H.L.A. Hart’s mid-century turn to conceptual analysis, “during the course of the twentieth century, the boundaries of jurisprudential inquiry were progressively narrowed.”1 Jurisprudence today is dominated by legal philosophers engaged in conceptual analysis built on intuitions, seeking to identify essential features and timeless truths about law. In the pursuit of these objectives, they detach law from its social and historical moorings, they ignore variation and change, they drastically reduce law to a singular phenomenon—like a coercive planning system for difficult moral problems2—and they deny that coercive force is a universal feature of law, among other ways in which they depart from the reality of law; a few prominent jurisprudents even proffer arguments that invoke aliens or societies of angels.

Music Material Development Techniques (Lectures in «Principles of Music Analysis») 

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Р.Х. Лаул
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Music Analysis ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Musical Form ◽  
Musical Work ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Development Processes

Настоящий материал продолжает серию публикаций лекций Рейна Лаула по анализу музыки в Санкт-Петербургской (Ленинградской) консерватории. Шестая лекция завершает обзор приемов разработочного развития музыкального материала. В нее вошли шесть из двадцати пяти приемов в авторской классификации (эпизодическая тема, производная тема, варьирование, полифонические варианты, приемы подвижного контрапункта, полифонические структуры), способствующей систематизации разработочных процессов. В поле зрения автора включены неспецифически сонатные способы преобразования музыкального материала, благодаря чему сонатность предстает в гибком и взаимодополняющем взаимодействии с иными принципами формообразования. Особое внимание уделено специфике применения полифонических средств развития музыкального материала в контексте сонатного формообразования. В ходе детального рассмотрения финала симфонии В. А. Моцарта Юпитер оказываются тесно связанными технологический, композиционно-драматургический и стилевой аспекты становления музыкальной формы. Заключительный раздел, обобщающий содержание лекции в целом, содержит пример практического применения предлагаемой автором методологии. Тем самым доказывается ее целесообразность и высокая эффективность как в аспекте анализа интонационной драматургии музыкального произведения, так и в достижении главной аналитической цели в формировании объективного представления о содержательной сути каждого этапа в развёртывании музыкальной композиции. This material continues the series of publications of R. H. Lauls lectures on music analysis at the Leningrad (Saint Petersburg) Rimsky-Korsakov State Conservatory. The sixth lecture concludes the review of techniques for developing musical material. It discusses six of the twenty-five techniques in the authors classification (episodic theme, derived theme, variation, polyphonic variants, mobile counterpoint techniques, polyphonic structures), which contributes to systematization of the development processes. The authors field of view includes non-specific Sonata methods of transforming the musical material, so that sonateness appears in a flexible and complementary interaction with other principles of formation. Special attention is paid to the specifics of using polyphonic means of developing musical material in the context of Sonata formation. The detailed examination of the finale of Mozarts Symphony Jupiter, shows that technological, compositional, dramatic, and stylistic aspects of the formation of a musical form appear to be closely related. The final section summarizing the content of the lecture as a whole contains an example of practical application of the methodology proposed by the author, proving its expediency and high efficiency not only in the aspect of analyzing the intonation drama of a musical work, but also of achieving the main analytical goal to form a reasoned judgment about the content of each stage in the deployment of a musical composition.

Performing Autism through a Layered Account

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vigdis Stokker Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Class A ◽  
Education Class ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Queer Temporality

This piece dialogically makes methodological, theoretical, and substantive contributions to existing literature on autoethnography, Foucault and queer temporality studies, and autism. The text is based on ethnographic observations from a psych education class for adults diagnosed with autism and an interview with a psychologist who teaches the class. A layered account approach is used to explore the emergent lived experience of time and space for people diagnosed with autism. The concept of chrononormativity serves as a starting point for understanding the autism experience and a springboard for the introduction of an analytical concept that I term toponormativity.

scholarly journals The Temporality of Maximal Grip: On Pragmatists’ Readings of Merleau-Ponty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniil Koloskov
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Body ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Phenomenology Of Perception

In this article, I will pursue three aims. First, I would like to demonstrate the non-transcendental character of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, namely, his claim that a strict division between a priori and a posteriori is an abstraction that derives from a more primordial unity that is given in our lived experience. I will criticize authors such as H. Dreyfus and T. Carman who treat the body and bodily character of our existence as a classical Kantian a priori that functions as a condition of experience without itself being a part of the experience. The claim I would like to defend in this regard is that reflections on the conditions of our experience must themselves be a part of our experience. The second task is to show how Merleau-Ponty’s analysis of temporality helps him to avoid this strict division between a priori and a posteriori. Based on this, I will elucidate some of the most obscure passages of Phenomenology of Perception. Finally, I will claim that the notion of optimal grip can neither be explained by the reference to our body, as Carman claims, or to brains, organisms and their copings with the environment, as Dreyfus argues. Instead, I will claim that the maximal grip is rather a consolidation or intensification of the temporal ecstasy.

scholarly journals Phenomenological Reflections on the Structure of Transformation: The example of Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Behnke
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Related Question ◽  
Number Series ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Experience Of Time

This essay will move toward a phenomenology of “more” in ten steps. 1st, situates the investigation within the tradition of Husserlian phenomenological practice, then 2nd draws upon Husserl’s own experience of doing phenomenology. 3rd considers some initial aspects of the structure of the lived experience of “more” and 4th is about the number series, while 5th addresses the primal experience of time, space, and movement. 6th focuses on the phenomenological notion of horizons, then 7th turns to the related question of transcendence. 8th takes a critical look at a particular conceptual model sometime used in thinking about the experience of “more”; 9th briefly brings out one of the ethical implications of this critique; and finally, 10th highlights some of the ways in which the research documented here is itself still incomplete and demands “more”.Este ensayo se moverá hacia una fenomenología de "más" en diez pasos. El prime-ro, sitúa la investigación dentro de la tradición de la práctica fenomenológica husserliana; luego, el segundo se basa en la propia experiencia de Husserl de hacer fenomenología; el tercero considera algunos aspectos iniciales de la estructura de la experiencia vivida de "más" y el cuarto es sobre la serie numérica, mientras que el quinto aborda la experiencia primordial de tiempo, espacio y movimiento. El sexto se centra en la noción fenomenológica de horizontes; después el séptimo pasa a la cuestión relacionada con la trascendencia. El octavo echa una mirada crítica a un modelo conceptual particular usado en algún momento para pensar sobre la experiencia de "más"; el noveno destaca brevemente una de las implicaciones éticas de esta crítica;y, finalmente, el décimo resalta algunas de las formas en las que la investigación aquí documentada todavía está incompleta y exige "más".

scholarly journals Social processes at the beginning of the 20th сentury in understanding of the Dnipro Ukraine’s intellectuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Platmir
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Common People ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
New Generation

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries Ukraine did not have a national state, was divided into two large regions, which were part of the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. Therefore, Ukrainian intellectuals had to live and work in difficult political conditions, often going to very substantial compromises with imperial forces, represented by both Russian officials and comparatively more numerous Russian intellectual circles. This had a significant impact on the nature and tasks of the Ukrainian movement, substantially corrected both tactical steps and a general strategic course towards its own autonomy and statehood. It is important to note that the evolution of Ukrainian national ideology took place under the influence of European ideas. They, however, captured the thoughts of very narrow circles of humanitarians, most of whom engaged in the study of ethnographic and folklore spheres of peasant life, and therefore, were concerned about a relatively limited range of issues. At the same time, the comprehension of the past and present problems took place against the background of the involvement of a new generation of public figures in the movement. In the territory of Naddniprianshchyna, it was formed in conditions of rapid modernization, while maintaining the imperial (autocratic) system of power. After analyzing all the key aspects of the proposed problem, the author came to the conclusion that in relation to social processes (realities) at the beginning of the 20th century in the Naddniprianshchyna, the Ukrainian intelligentsia focused on socio-cultural, national, regional, and, to a lesser extent, economic and social life. The choice between "culture and politics" was too limited. In a situation, where many forces needed to solve internal (party, interpersonal, etc.) problems, such a local orientation significantly weakened the influence of intellectual circles on society, particularly the peasantry. At that time, when the Ukrainian intelligentsia claimed to be the main driving force of national affirmation, the establishment of ties between the Western (sub-Austrian) and the Eastern (sub-Russian) communities, it did little to its influence among the general population, the common people, that was a gross mistake in the new historical conditions.

The 45-rpm dress revolution: Competing temporalities in 1960s fashion

2021 ◽  
Vol 00 (00) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Juneko J. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Age Of Aquarius ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Perhaps no artefact is as evocative of temporality (i.e. the lived experience of time), as fashion and, arguably, no other period in history represents such a marked change in our notions about the relationship between the two as the 1960s did. In contrast to the Platonic-Apollonian fashion ideals of the 1950s, as exemplified by Dior’s New Look, the mod and the hippy came to represent competing bodily ideals. Their Dionysian fashions aestheticized time in three complementary ways: first, the celebration of the now, with its emphasis on the ephemeral, the physically pleasurable and the situated body in motion; second, the re-appropriation of the past, which involved the postmodern rejection or subversion of grand historical narratives that privileged certain iterations of race, class and gender and touted imperialism and cultural hegemony; and third, a utopian optimism about the future based on a belief in the increased possibilities of individual human potential as well as the prospect of societal transformation into a post-bellum, post-racial, post-classist, post-gender ‘Age of Aquarius’. These aesthetic values had political implications. Although the most radical of street fashions was worn by comparatively few 1960s youth, the deeper reasons why they came to be viewed with suspicion and outright anger were not so much due to particular styles, but rather what they revealed about our changing relationships to temporality and the postmodern fracturing of metanarratives concerning the proper existential comportment towards tradition and change, while laying the symbolic groundwork for what would later be referred to as the ‘culture wars’ in popular media.

Studying the Particular, Illuminating the General: Community Studies and Community in Wales

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickie Charles ◽  
Charlotte Aull Davies
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Community People ◽  
Work Affect ◽  
General Community

This article is inspired by Frankenberg's (1990) claim that the best way to understand general social processes is through the study of their manifestation in the details of social life. We look at how studies of community that have been carried out in Wales, particularly Village on the Border and The Family and Social Change ( Rosser and Harris, 1965 ), have accomplished this link between the particular and the general. We then consider the findings of our own research, which is a restudy of Rosser and Harris, showing how they provide a counterbalance to grand theoretical claims about the transformations that are affecting community and family life. We find that although factors such as increasing geographical mobility and women's greater participation in paid work affect people's experiences of community, people continue to place a high value on what they call communities. Such communities are spoken about and defined in different ways but all are based on local social networks of kin, neighbours and friends and/or locally-based associations. They are also gendered, with women playing a key role at both informal and formal levels of community. We suggest that the apparent resilience of local social relations evident in our research may help to explain the continued cultural and political resonance of community in Wales.

scholarly journals Adaptive Provisioning of Heterogeneous Cloud Resources for Big Data Processing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Kollenstart ◽  
Edwin Harmsma ◽  
Erik Langius ◽  
Vasilios Andrikopoulos ◽  
Alexander Lazovik
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Cloud Infrastructure ◽  
Good Utilization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Task Processing ◽  
Heterogeneous Cloud ◽  
Pipeline Failures

Efficient utilization of resources plays an important role in the performance of large scale task processing. In cases where heterogeneous types of resources are used within the same application, it is hard to achieve good utilization of all of the different types of resources. By taking advantage of recent developments in cloud infrastructure that enable the use of dynamic clusters of resources, and by dynamically altering the size of the available resources for all the different resource types, the overall utilization of resources, however, can be improved. Starting from this premise, this paper discusses a solution that aims to provide a generic algorithm to estimate the desired ratios of instance processing tasks as well as ratios of the resources that are used by these instances, without the necessity for trial runs or a priori knowledge of the execution steps. These ratios are then used as part of an adaptive system that is able to reconfigure itself to maximize utilization. To verify the solution, a reference framework which adaptively manages clusters of functionally different VMs to host a calculation scenario is implemented. Experiments are conducted based on a compute-heavy use case in which the probability of underground pipeline failures is determined based on the settlement of soils. These experiments show that the solution is capable of eliminating large amounts of under-utilization, resulting in increased throughput and lower lead times.

The Order of Human Interdependencies: Simulating Elias’ One-level Multi-person Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Hemmerechts ◽  
Nohemi Jocabeth Echeverria Vicente ◽  
Dimokritos Kavadias
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Agent Based Modelling ◽  
Norbert Elias ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Emergent Dynamics

Sociologist Norbert Elias made it his lifework to describe and explain long-term processes. According to Elias, these processes cannot be studied voluntaristically by only focusing on human intentions or motivations. This is because they are the unplanned result of a whole spectrum of interactions of different people over time. According to Elias, these interactions between individuals interweave to produce a development that is relatively autonomous from the actions of individuals. To illustrate how the actions of individuals interweave and produce emergent dynamics, Elias constructed several theoretical models that are simplified versions of social processes. Importantly, the different models state precise propositions and consequences of specific types of interweaving that can be formally tested. This article simulates the Eliasian approach to social life. We reproduce the theoretical models of Elias with a method that is highly suited to investigate their emergent dynamics: agent-based modelling. Agent-based models are computer models that simulate agents (i.e. individuals or groups of individuals) and their interaction with other agents. More specifically, we test whether the theorized consequences of the Eliasian models exist when we implement their propositions in a computational framework.

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