scholarly journals Clinical aspects of invasive infections with Streptococcus dysgalactiae ssp. equisimilis in Japan: differences with respect to Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae infections

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1097-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Takahashi ◽  
K. Sunaoshi ◽  
K. Sunakawa ◽  
S. Fujishima ◽  
H. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Invasive Infections

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance among Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcus in Brazil: An Overview

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Rosana Rocha Barros
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Life Threatening

Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) are the beta-hemolytic streptococci species with the most clinical relevance to humans. These species are responsible for several infections, ranging from mild to life-threatening diseases. Although resistance to recommended drugs has not been so critical as detected in other species, it has occurred in diverse regions. In Brazil, it is possible to observe an increasing macrolide and lincosamide resistance trend due to the spread of polyclonal strains. Macrolide–lincosamide–streptogramin B (MLS) resistance phenotypes have been prevalent among S. agalactiae and S. pyogenes, while M phenotype (resistance only to macrolides) has prevailed among SDSE resistant isolates. Fluoroquinolone resistance is rare in this country, reported only in S.agalactiae and S.pyogenes. This is due to nucleotide substitutions in gyrA and parC genes. Reduced penicillin susceptibility and vancomycin resistance, detected in other regions, have not yet been reported in Brazil. Tetracycline is not a therapeutical option, and resistance has occurred at high levels, especially among S.agalactiae. These findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring in order to track the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among beta-hemolytic streptococci species circulating in this country.

scholarly journals A New Rapid and Cost-Effective Method for Detection of Phages, ICEs and Virulence Factors Encoded by Streptococcus pyogenes

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA L. BOREK ◽  
JOANNA WILEMSKA ◽  
RADOSŁAW IZDEBSKI ◽  
WALERIA HRYNIEWICZ ◽  
IZABELA SITKIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Integration Sites ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus, GAS) is a human pathogen that causes diseases of various intensity, from mild strep throat to life threatening invasive infections and postinfectional sequelae. S. pyogenes encodes multiple, often phage encoded, virulence factors and their presence is related to severity of the disease. Acquisition of mobile genetic elements, carrying virulence factors, as phages or ICEs (integrative and cojugative elements) has been shown previously to promote selection of virulent clones. We designed the system of eight low volume multi- and one singleplex PCR reactions to detect genes encoding twenty virulence factors (spd3, sdc, sdaB, sdaD, speB, spyCEP, scpA, mac, sic, speL, K, M, C, I, A, H, G, J, smeZ and ssa) and twenty one phage and ICE integration sites described so far for S. pyogenes. Classification of strains based on the phage and virulence factors absence or presence, correlates with PFGE MLST and emm typing results. We developed a novel, fast and cost effective system that can be used to detect GAS virulence factors. Moreover, this system may become an alternative and effective system to differentiate between GAS strains.

scholarly journals Distribution of emm type and antibiotic susceptibility of group A streptococci causing invasive and noninvasive disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1383-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeaki Wajima ◽  
Somay Y. Murayama ◽  
Katsuhiko Sunaoshi ◽  
Eiichi Nakayama ◽  
Keisuke Sunakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group A ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Emm Type

To determine the prevalence of macrolide antibiotic and levofloxacin resistance in infections with Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus or GAS), strains were collected from 45 medical institutions in various parts of Japan between October 2003 and September 2006. Four hundred and eighty-two strains from patients with GAS infections were characterized genetically. Strains were classified into four groups according to the type of infection: invasive infections (n=74) including sepsis, cellulitis and toxic-shock-like syndrome; acute otitis media (AOM; n=23); abscess (n=53); and pharyngotonsillitis (n=332). Among all strains, 32 emm types were identified; emm1 was significantly more common in invasive infections (39.2 %) and AOM (43.5 %) than in abscesses (3.8 %) or pharyngotonsillitis (10.2 %). emm12 and emm4 each accounted for 23.5 % of pharyngotonsillitis cases. Susceptibility of GAS strains to eight β-lactam agents was excellent, with MICs of 0.0005–0.063 μg ml−1. Macrolide-resistant strains accounted for 16.2 % of all strains, while the percentages of strains possessing the resistance genes erm(A), erm(B) and mef(A) were 2.5 %, 6.2 % and 7.5 %, respectively. Although no strains with high resistance to levofloxacin were found, strains with an MIC of 2–4 μg ml−1 (17.4 %) had amino acid substitutions at either Ser-79 or Asp-83 in ParC. These levofloxacin-intermediately resistant strains included 16 emm types, but macrolide-resistant strains were more likely than others to represent certain emm types.

scholarly journals Streptococcus pyogenes evades adaptive immunity through specific IgG glycan hydrolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (7) ◽  
pp. 1615-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Naegeli ◽  
Eleni Bratanis ◽  
Christofer Karlsson ◽  
Oonagh Shannon ◽  
Raja Kalluru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Invasive Infection ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Group A ◽  
Specific Igg

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus; GAS) is a human pathogen causing diseases from uncomplicated tonsillitis to life-threatening invasive infections. GAS secretes EndoS, an endoglycosidase that specifically cleaves the conserved N-glycan on IgG antibodies. In vitro, removal of this glycan impairs IgG effector functions, but its relevance to GAS infection in vivo is unclear. Using targeted mass spectrometry, we characterized the effects of EndoS on host IgG glycosylation during the course of infections in humans. Substantial IgG glycan hydrolysis occurred at the site of infection and systemically in the severe cases. We demonstrated decreased resistance to phagocytic killing of GAS lacking EndoS in vitro and decreased virulence in a mouse model of invasive infection. This is the first described example of specific bacterial IgG glycan hydrolysis during infection and thereby verifies the hypothesis that EndoS modifies antibodies in vivo. This mechanisms of immune evasion could have implications for treatment of severe GAS infections and for future efforts at vaccine development.

Influence of Addition of Newly Drawn Milk and Fluctuating Temperatures of Farm Bulk Tanks on Growth of Mastitis-Causing Bacteria

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
HALIT H. OZ ◽  
R. J. FARNSWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Streptococcus Dysgalactiae ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

Effect of addition of newly drawn fresh milk of consecutive milkings on growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus uberis in milk held at fluctuating temperatures of a farm bulk tank for 48 h was studied. There was a statistically insignificant effect of the addition of newly drawn fresh milk of consecutive milkings on the growth rate of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. agalactiae and S. uberis but there was a significant (p<0.001) growth enhancing effect on S. dysgalactiae. However, all the bacteria grew significantly (p< 0.001) in milk held at fluctuating temperatures of farm bulk tank for 48 h.

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