Blaming the Mother: An Experimental Investigation of Sex-Role Bias in Countertransference

1977 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine V. Abramowitz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Family Therapists ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Clinician Bias ◽  
Report Measure

Male and female family therapists read bogus case descriptions of families in which a boy or girl was depicted as athletically incompetent or obese and unattractive (i.e., masculine or feminine sex-role inadequate), rendered judgments of mother versus father blame and treatment need, and completed a self-report measure of sex-role attitudes. Mothers tended to be implicated in children's psychopathologies slightly more than fathers, but less so than expected. Therapists who reported traditional sex-role attitudes assigned greater treatment need to mothers of obese-unattractive children than to mothers of athletically incompetent children. Mothers of disturbed girls were regarded as more blameworthy and as requiring treatment more than mothers of identically-described boys. Altogether, the notion of sex-role related clinician bias received only partial support.

Come-ons and Put-offs: Unmarried Students' Strategies for Having and Avoiding Sexual Intercourse

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi B. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Sexual Encounter ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Encounters

One-hundred and twenty male and 109 female unmarried college students participated in a questionnaire study of actual and expected male-female differences in the use of 10 strategies for having and avoiding sexual intercourse. As predicted, both men and women viewed strategies for having sex as used predominantly by males and strategies for avoiding sex as used predominantly by females. However, sex-role attitudes were unrelated to students' expectations of sexual encounters. Both traditional and profeminist students expected that strategies for having sex would be used predominantly by males and strategies for avoiding sex would be used predominantly by females. It appeared that students still stereotyped having sex as a male goal and avoiding sex as a female goal. Men and women were unexpectedly similar in their personal strategies for influencing a sexual encounter. Both men and women reported using more indirect strategies to have sex and more direct strategies to avoid having sex. These findings suggest that when men and women share the same goals (such as having or avoiding sex), expected differences between male and female influencing agents disappear

An Examination of the Current Usefulness of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1331-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Bem Sex Role Inventory ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Report Measure

In the present study, an ethnically diverse convenience sample ( N = 182; 62% female) of working adults (56%) and college students ( M age = 30.9 yr., SD = 12.8, range = 18 to 71) completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory which is a widely used self-report measure of perceptions of gender roles. Based on their scores, individuals' sex roles can be categorized as Masculine or Feminine (sex-typed) or Androgynous. The results of this study suggest that, almost 30 years after it was first developed, the categories can still be used to categorize men and women of varying ages.

Sex-Role Attitudes and the Career Choices of Male and Female Graduate Students

1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Valentine ◽  
Nancy Ellinger ◽  
Martha Williams
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Career Choices ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female

scholarly journals GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE PERCEPTION OF PRESENCE OF, AND SEARCH FOR, CALLING DURING MEDICAL SCHOOL

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Hadassah Littman-Ovadia ◽  
Aryeh Lazar ◽  
Tamar Ovadia
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Work Integration ◽  
Discriminate Function Analysis ◽  
Report Measure

This study focused on the manner in which a sense of calling - presence and search - is perceived by first- and final-year male and female medical students. Differences in level of calling between first-year students and last-year students were predicted, more so for women than for men due to gender bias and family-work integration challenges. A total of 192 medical first and sixth (last) year students at the five Israeli medical schools filled-out a short self-report measure of calling and recorded demographic factors. Discriminate function analysis resulted in one significant discriminate function weighted positively on presence of calling and negatively on search for calling. Group centroids indicate that male medical students perceived presence of calling and search for calling as two poles of a bipolar continuum, whereas first-year students had a distinct feeling of the presence of calling coupled with a low need to search for calling and final-year students had a low feeling of presence of calling coupled with a distinct need to search for calling. In contrast, female medical students - both first-year and final-year - perceived presence and search as two independent dimensions that can coexist. Understanding these differences may be important in helping medical educators find gender-specific ways to maintain and enhance feelings of calling among tomorrow’s male and female physicians. Key words: gender, medical students, presence of calling, search for calling.

Adolescents' Judgments of Economic Arrangements

1982 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Winocur ◽  
Michael Siegal
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Female Worker ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Third ◽  
Equal Work ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Grade 8

Adolescents in Grade 8 (aged 12-13 years) and Grade 12 (aged 16-18 years) were asked to allocate rewards between a male and female worker in four separate cases. In one case, a male with no children was contrasted with a female with three children. In the second, a male with three children was contrasted with a female with none. In the third case, both workers had no children; in the fourth, both had three. The results indicated that concern for need significantly decreased with age with subjects preferring to allocate rewards according to the norm of equal work for equal pay. Boys' concern for need was correlated with a self-report measure of mother identification.

Relationship of Sex, Sex-Role Orientation and a Self-Report Measure of Assertiveness in College Students

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1239-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Nix ◽  
Jeffrey M. Lohr ◽  
Richard Stauffacher
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sex Role Orientation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Single Predictor ◽  
Report Measure

Sex-role orientation reliably predicts several behavior patterns and personal characteristics considered to be adaptive. Persons with these characteristics have also been shown to be more assertive. The present study determined the relationship between sex-role orientation and a self-report measure of assertiveness. A multiple regression analysis showed that masculine sex-role orientation is the only single predictor of self-report measure of assertiveness and accounts for 52% of the total variance. Additional research is proposed to test the hypothesis that assertion is primarily a masculine sex-role characteristic. The implications for this assessment and training of assertion are also discussed in the context of sex-role.

Sex and Sexism: A Comparison of Male and Female Sex-Role Attitudes

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Withers Osmond ◽  
Patricia Yancey Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Sex

Attitudes toward Women in Co-Ed and All Female Drug Treatment Programs

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Murphy ◽  
Joan H. Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
New England ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Treatment Program ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Drug Rehabilitation ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes ◽  
Male And Female

This research reports on a comparison between sex role attitudes in co-ed treatment programs and an all female treatment program. Eighty residents, sixty males and twenty females, and thirty-eight staff, twenty-two males and sixteen females, of Marathon House, the largest drug rehabilitation community in New England completed Spence and Helmreich's Attitudes toward Women Scale (AWS). The AWS was also administered to four staff and twelve residents at Caritas House, an all female therapeutic community in Rhode Island. The results from the AWS indicate that female staff at Marathon House and Caritas House have significantly more liberal attitudes toward women than the male staff at Marathon House. Female residents of both Houses have significantly more liberal attitudes on the AWS than male residents of Marathon House. Surprisingly, however, the female residents at Marathon House have almost identical scores on the AWS to female residents at Caritas House even though residents at Marathon House are exposed to the attitudes of both male and female staff, whereas residents at Caritas House are exposed only to the attitudes of an all female staff.

scholarly journals First-Time Grandparents’ Role Satisfaction and Its Determinants

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-355
Author(s):  
John Condon ◽  
Mary Luszcz ◽  
Ian McKee
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Role Satisfaction ◽  
Powerful Predictor ◽  
Attachment Relationship ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
First Time ◽  
Attachment Bonding ◽  
Report Measure

This article focuses on satisfaction with the grandparent role at 1 and 2 years after the transition to grandparenthood. Three hundred and eighteen grandparents (male and female) were initially recruited and required to complete a well-validated self-report measure of grandparent satisfaction, together with self-report questionnaires assessing a range of characteristics which might predict role satisfaction. The main finding was that grandparent–grandchild attachment (bonding) was the most powerful predictor. Some predictors (e.g., generativity) appeared to have a direct effect on satisfaction, whereas the effect of others (e.g., grandchild temperament) appeared to be mediated via the grandparent–grandchild attachment relationship. Role satisfaction, aside from its probable relevance to grandparent wellbeing, is also likely to be of relevance to grandparents’ willingness to provide childcare. The latter, besides impacting on well-being of both grandparents and parents, also powerfully influences workforce economics.

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