Research on Teaching the Psychology of Women

1982 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Psychology Of Women ◽  
Research On Teaching ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Review Current

Research into the impact of psychology of women courses (and women's studies, generally) has been conducted only infrequently. The literature consists largely of anecdotal reports of changes in attitudes toward women as a function of participating in such courses. Existing quantitative studies are usually limited to measures of pre-course to post-course attitude changes, and occasionally such changes are related to demographic factors. The purpose of this article is to review current studies and to suggest additional research approaches in this area. At least three methods are recommended for studying the effect of psychology of women courses. First, there is a need for comparative studies of two types: psychology of women course vs. other course comparisons, and psychology of women course vs. other related experiences (consciousness-raising groups, feminist therapy, etc.). Second, there is a need for follow-up assessment of students in these courses. Finally, in both the comparative and follow-up studies, behavioral measures should be used.

Impact of National Physical Activity and Health Guidelines and Documents on Research on Teaching K-12 Physical Education in U.S.A.

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Li ◽  
Zan Gao ◽  
Zhihua Yin ◽  
Ping Xiang ◽  
Bo Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Research On Teaching ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
K 12 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Physical Activity

Purpose:This study examined the impact of published national physical activity (PA) and health guidelines, documents, and initiatives on the evolution of research on teaching K-12 physical education (PE) in U.S.A. from 1996 to October 2013.Methods:A total of 262 peer-reviewed, data-based journal articles meeting our inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified through a comprehensive search. These articles were coded and the resulting data were analyzed.Results and Discussions:The findings showed that 41% (108 out of 262) of articles had cited these identified guidelines, documents and Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention (CDC) reports. In particular, the most frequently cited documents were Healthy People documents, the 1996 Report of Surgeon General, and CDC reports and studies. The citation of these guidelines, documents and CDC reports fluctuated over the years. Our findings also showed that among the research studies citing these national documents and reports, 56% of them focused on students’ PA/fitness, while only a few studies focused on students’ psycho-motor skills and game performance. The majority of the studies reviewed were nonexperimental quantitative studies while 10% using randomized control trials or randomized group control trials design.Conclusion:The results revealed a substantial proportion of articles cited national guidelines, initiatives and CDC study reports. These guidelines and documents have had some impact on the evolution of research on teaching K-12 PE.

Follow-Up Studies of cf-DNA Testing from 101 Consecutive Fetuses and Related Ultrasound Findings

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Seher Basaran ◽  
Recep Has ◽  
Ibrahim Halil Kalelioglu ◽  
Birsen Karaman ◽  
Melike Kirgiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
False Positive ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Trisomy 13 ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Trisomy 16 ◽  
Monosomy X ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose To determine the true- and false-positive rates of cf-DNA testing in a cohort of patients from tertiary care centers and assess the impact of ultrasound examinations in pregnancy management. Materials and Methods Clinical, cytogenetic and ultrasound data of 101 consecutive fetuses were collected retrospectively. Cases were classified into five groups according to the ultrasound findings. Karyotyping, interphase FISH and microarray techniques were used for follow-up studies. Results The overall false-positive rate was low for trisomy 21 (T21, 8.2 %), but significantly higher for trisomy 18 (T18, 40 %), monosomy X (MX, 50 %), X/Y trisomies (57.1 %), trisomy 13 (T13, 71.4 %). While single cases of trisomy 16, trisomy 22 and 8q duplication positive in cf-DNA were confirmed, 3 microdeletions (1p36 and two 22q11.2) were not. About 75 % of confirmed T21’s and all confirmed T18 and T13 had major markers and/or malformations. While false-negative cases (two T21, one T18 and one T13) were identified due to abnormal ultrasound findings, all false-positive cases were normal sonographically. Ultrasound findings of confirmed trisomy 16, 22, dup8q, monosomy X and other X/Y aneuploidies were unspecific. Term placenta studies were helpful to assess the role of confined mosaicism in unconfirmed cf-DNA test results. A vanishing twin has been observed as the likely cause of one false-positive T18. Conclusion Our study contributes clinical data on discrepant cf-DNA testing results, corroborates the need for confirmational invasive testing and underscores the benefit of expert ultrasound in the prevention of fatal diagnostic errors.

scholarly journals Periodic Testing and Estimation of STD-HIV Association

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. Mâsse ◽  
P. Guibord ◽  
M.-C. Boily ◽  
M. Alary
Keyword(s):  
Cox Model ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Periodic Testing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe validity of measures used in follow-up studies to estimate the magnitude of the HIV-STD association will be the focus of this paper. A recent simulation study by Boily et al [1] based on a model of HIV and STD transmission showed that the relative risk (RR), estimated by the hazard rate ratio (HRR) obtained by the Cox model had poor validity, either in absence or in presence of a real association between HIV and STD. The HRR tends to underestimate the true magnitude of a non-null association. These results were obtained from simulated follow-up studies where HIV was periodicaly tested every three months and every month for the STD.Aims and MethodsThis paper extends the above results by investigating the impact of using different periodic testing intervals on the validity of HRR estimates. Issues regarding the definition of exposure to STDs in this context are explored. A stochastic model for the transmission of HIV and other STDs is used to simulate follow-up studies with different periodic testing intervals. HRR estimates obtained with the Cox model with a time-dependent STD exposure covariate are compared to the true magnitude of the HIV-STD association. In addition, real data are reanalysed using the STD exposure definition described in this paper. The data from Laga et al [2] are used for this purpose.Results(1) Simulated data: independently of the magnitude of the true association, we observed a greater reduction of the bias when increasing the frequency of HIV testing than that of the STD testing. (2) Real data: The STD exposure definition can create substantial differences in the estimation of the HIV-STD association. Laga et al [2] have found a HRR of 2.5 (1.1 - 6.4) for the association between HIV and genital ulcer disease compared to an estimate of 3.5 (1.5 - 8.3) with our improved definition of exposure.ConclusionsResults on the simulated data have an important impact on the design of field studies. For instance when choosing between two designs; one where both HIV and STD are screened every 3 months versus one where HIV and STD are screened every 3 months and monthly, respectively. The latter design is more expensive and involves more complicated logistics. Furthermore, this increment in cost may not be justified considering the relatively small gain in terms of validity and variability.

scholarly journals Applying the WHO ICF Framework to the Outcome Measures Used in the Evaluation of Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Coronavirus Outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajal Patel ◽  
Sofia Straudi ◽  
Ng Yee Sien ◽  
Nora Fayed ◽  
John L. Melvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Short Form ◽  
World Health ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
The Impact

(1) Objective: The World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) classification is a unified framework for the description of health and health-related states. This study aimed to use the ICF framework to classify outcome measures used in follow-up studies of coronavirus outbreaks and make recommendations for future studies. (2) Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were systematically searched for original studies assessing clinical outcomes in adult survivors of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) after hospital discharge. Individual items of the identified outcome measures were linked to ICF second-level and third-level categories using ICF linking rules and categorized according to an ICF component. (3) Results: In total, 33 outcome measures were identified from 36 studies. Commonly used (a) ICF body function measures were Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT), Impact of event scale (IES-R) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); (b) ICF activity was 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD); (c) ICF participation measures included Short Form-36 (SF-36) and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). ICF environmental factors and personal factors were rarely measured. (4) Conclusions: We recommend future COVID-19 follow-up studies to use the ICF framework to select a combination of outcome measures that capture all the components for a better understanding of the impact on survivors and planning interventions to maximize functional return.

Quantitation of Atherosclerosis in Femoral Arteriography with Ecg Gated Exposures

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nilsson ◽  
I. Berglund ◽  
H. Bylund ◽  
U. Erikson ◽  
G. Helmius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Ecg Gating ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Femoral Arteriography

Using a densitometric method introduced in 1977 by Crawford et coll. (6) the volumes of segments of the femoral artery were calculated from two angiographic series in each of 13 patients. ECG gated exposures were used to minimise the error of the method. The reproducibility of the method was found to be better than in a previous study in which ECG gating was not used. The method may therefore be of use in long term angiographic follow-up studies of atherosclerotic lesions, although the impact of different investigation parameters on methodologic precision is still not fully known.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily Hechtman
Keyword(s):  
Current Treatment ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relevant Factors

The introduction stresses that well-controlled long-term prospective follow-up studies helped establish the validity of ADHD in adulthood. No other publication brings together all these highly respected and well-established studies. The studies provide a comprehensive view of the impact of this condition in educational, occupational, social, emotional, and legal domains. The book also outlines factors that can influence long-term outcome and prognosis. These include treatment, IQ, socioeconomic status, and family functioning among others. This has current treatment implications for seeking more positive outcomes. Professionals can access these relevant factors in one place and use them in treatment planning.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fatal Accidents and Their Causes in the Korean Construction Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3120
Author(s):  
InSeok Park ◽  
Jonghyeob Kim ◽  
Sangwon Han ◽  
Changtaek Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Construction Accidents ◽  
The Impact

The construction industry is one of the most hazardous industries in many countries. Many studies have asserted that industrial accidents could be prevented by eliminating their root causes. However, given that accident occurrence processes are considerably complex and often invisible, it is difficult to identify and eliminate the root causes. Based on this recognition, this paper aims to analyze the causality of construction accidents on the basis of direct causes that are classified into unsafe actions (UA) and unsafe conditions (UC). A logistic regression is applied to examine associations between UAs and UCs and their significances in triggering construction accidents. Then, a Delphi method is applied to determine the relationships between direct and root causes of construction accidents. This study contributes to an improved understanding of the complex causal process of construction accidents, which is a necessary stepping-stone to prevent construction accidents. Meanwhile, only one-to-one combinations of UCs and UAs are considered in this paper. Thus, follow-up studies to examine the impact of one-to-many or many-to-many combinations are needed.

Limitations of Free Light Chain Assays caused by the Matrix Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-319
Author(s):  
Christopher W Farnsworth ◽  
Nicole M Logsdon ◽  
Jennifer E Hayes ◽  
Rehan Rais ◽  
Maria A Willrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Matrix Effect ◽  
Free Light Chain ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Serum Free Light Chain ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Serum free light chain (FLC) assays are used clinically to measure the concentration of κ and λ FLC in patients with suspected or diagnosed plasma cell proliferative disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated a loss of linearity in low concentration ranges of these assays. We hypothesized that this result could be caused by a matrix effect. Methods Recovery studies were performed for κ and λ FLC in both serum and saline using the Freelite assay (Binding Site) on a Cobas c502 system (Roche). Samples were analyzed either at the recommended dilution or undiluted. Follow-up studies were performed in varying matrices ranging from 0% to 100% saline. Retrospective patient data were analyzed to assess the impact on reported κ FLC, λ FLC, and κ/λ ratio. Results FLC in a serum matrix demonstrated underrecovery relative to samples diluted in saline for both κ and λ FLC. Of 255 patient samples with λ FLC measured undiluted (λ FLC <6.0 mg/L), an unexpected gap was observed in patient results between 2.0 and 6.0 mg/L. In addition, 23 patients measured serially with λ FLC between 2.0 and 6.0 mg/L demonstrated dramatic changes in κ/λ ratio, with no changes in κ FLC, likely because of the matrix effect. Conclusions The κ and λ Freelite assays exhibit a matrix effect when samples are tested undiluted, which has the potential to affect the κ/λ ratio. Consequently, our laboratory has stopped reporting λ FLC <6.0 mg/L.

Sound Production Treatment for Acquired Apraxia of Speech: An Examination of Dosage in Relation to Probe Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Julie L. Wambaugh ◽  
Lydia Kallhoff ◽  
Christina Nessler
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Practice Schedule ◽  
Practice Schedules ◽  
Baseline Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study was designed to examine the association of dosage and effects of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) for acquired apraxia of speech. Method Treatment logs and probe data from 20 speakers with apraxia of speech and aphasia were submitted to a retrospective analysis. The number of treatment sessions and teaching episodes was examined relative to (a) change in articulation accuracy above baseline performance, (b) mastery of production, and (c) maintenance. The impact of practice schedule (SPT-Blocked vs. SPT-Random) was also examined. Results The average number of treatment sessions conducted prior to change was 5.4 for SPT-Blocked and 3.9 for SPT-Random. The mean number of teaching episodes preceding change was 334 for SPT-Blocked and 179 for SPT-Random. Mastery occurred within an average of 13.7 sessions (1,252 teaching episodes) and 12.4 sessions (1,082 teaching episodes) for SPT-Blocked and SPT-Random, respectively. Comparisons of dosage metric values across practice schedules did not reveal substantial differences. Significant negative correlations were found between follow-up probe performance and the dosage metrics. Conclusions Only a few treatment sessions were needed to achieve initial positive changes in articulation, with mastery occurring within 12–14 sessions for the majority of participants. Earlier occurrence of change or mastery was associated with better follow-up performance. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12592190

What graduate follow-up studies can tell us

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 976-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda H Distlehorst
Keyword(s):  
Follow Up Studies
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