Russia’s Parliamentary and Presidential Elections

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Lower House ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Boris Yeltsin

In December 1995 General Elections Took Place in Russia for the lower house of parliament, the Duma. In constitutional terms the Duma is a relatively weak body, comparable with the French National Assembly. It initiates and enacts legislation, but must find a two-thirds majority if it is to override a presidential veto. The December elections were, however, of a disproportionate significance. The fact that they were taking place was important in itself. The Duma elected in December 1995 was only the second Duma to be elected in post-Soviet Russia, and the first to be elected in relatively normal circumstances. (The preceding Duma had been elected in 1993 only after President Boris Yeltsin had used tanks against the old Supreme Soviet, created a new parliament almost literally out of its ashes, and legitimized his actions by means of a new constitution approved by a national referendum.)

An Analytical Study of Lower House in Pakistan: Legislation During Civilian and Military Rule

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-151
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
Governance System ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
Lower House ◽  
General Elections

A legislature is one of the strongest pillars of a state where legislation is made with the consent of the two-thirds majority of the House. The legislative body of Pakistan comprised President, National Assembly, and Senate. The National Assembly forms on the basis of General Elections in which people elect their representatives to make laws for them. In Pakistan’s chequered political history, this institution remained unable to establish credibility in society. Since the promulgation of the Constitution of 1973, the Lower House has been dissolved seven times by either military or civilian rulers, and it also remained non-existent until ten years. As per the Constitution, it was dissolved only once in 1977 on the advice of the Prime Minister to the President. General elections were also held during military regimes, and the House had been formed under it, but there was a difference between the legislation passed during civilian and military-led eras. The paper examines the role of the Lower House in the Constitution of 1973. It deals with its mandate and responsibilities. It analyses the legislation passed from this House during military and civilian rule periods, including the amendment bills that affected the governance system in Pakistan. It identifies issues and challenges the lower House has to face in regard to its smooth functioning. The paper suggests recommendations to improve the sanctity and credibility of this House that leads to strengthening democracy in Pakistan. Thepaper adopts analytical, qualitative, and deductive approaches to carry on this research work

scholarly journals PORTRAIT PHOTO STUDY AS COMMUNICATION MEDIA IN A POLITICAL CAMPAIGN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
I Putu Dudyk Arya Putra ◽  
Ramanda Dimas Surya Dinata ◽  
Agung Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Media Communications ◽  
Photo Study ◽  
Picture Frame

Campaign in principle is a process of individual or group communication activities institutionalized and aims to create a certain impact. Political contestation at this time currently uses various media as mass communication. One of the most widely used media communications in political campaigns is portrait photos. In a portrait photo that is seen is the protrusion of a figure in a picture frame. Portrait photos are widely used in today's political campaign media and appear to be a mandatory element in campaign media. Its almost certain when there are political activities such as general elections, presidential elections and others, campaign media that display portraits of political figures can be found in strategic public places. Usually photos that are selected or set to be communicative and the appearance of the expressions from political figures sparks smiles and laughter to gain sympathy from their constituents. The form of portrait photos in campaign media appears in various mediums such as banners, billboards, pins, stickers, posters, t-shirts, and others. The communication that is built in the portrait photo media is non verbal communication that requires viewers to see visuals or images. This become interesting to study because portrait photos are not enough to only be read as visual that display personal figures but can be seen from a social angle because their presence functions as signs and illustrative elements.

scholarly journals PERAN KPU DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI POLITIK MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMILIHAN UMUM PRESIDEN DAN WAKIL PRESIDEN 2014 DI KOTA MALANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hidayansyah ◽  
Trisakti Handayani ◽  
M Syahri
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Favorable Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Decisions

ABSTRAKPemilihan umum presiden dan wakil presiden merupakan acara lima tahun sekali yang dilaksanakan di Indonesia, kegiatan ini sebagai wahana menyalurkan segala aspirasi masyarakat terutama dalam mempengaruhi keputusan politik, dan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dan partisipasi masyarakat Kota Malang dalam pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden tahun 2014 di Kota Malang, selain itu untuk mengetahui peran KPU Kota Malang dalam pemilihan umum presiden dan wakil presiden 2014, dan untuk menjelaskan faktor pendukung dan penghambat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden 2014.Penelitian ini menggunakan Model penelitian deskriptif, yaitu suatu model penelitian dengan mencatat, mendeskripsikan dan menginterpratasikan peran KPU dalam meningkatkan partisipasi politik masyarakat dalam pemilihan umum prseiden dan wakil presiden 2014 di Kota Malang, dan penelitian ini menggunakan tiga teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh hasil bahwa peran KPU dalam meningkatkan partisipasi politik masyarakat dalam pemilihn umum presiden dan wakil presiden 2014 di Kota Malang sangat besar. Artinya ini sesuai dengan realita dan fakta yang terjadi di lapangan, bahwa tahun 2014 partisipasi masyarakat Kota Malang sangat meningkat. Hal ini didukung oleh hasil wawancara dan observasi kepada pememrintahan Kota Malang, Partai Politik dan Masyarakat Kota Malang, selain itu hal yang paling mendukung adalah hasil perthitungan suara di Kota Malang, menunjukan sebanyak 70% masyarakat Kota Malang ikut berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan umum presiden dan wakil presiden 2014 di Kota Malang.Kata Kunci : Peran KPU, Partisipasi Masyarakat.ABSTRACTGeneral election for president and vice president is an event held every five years in Indonesia. This is a program which is used for channeling the aspirations of all communities, especially in influencing political decisions. This study aims to determine the role and participation of Malang communities in the presidential and vice presidential elections 2014. Besides, this study also aims to determine the role of General Elections Commission (KPU) of Malang in general election of president and vice president in 2014, and to explain the enabling and inhibiting factors of communities’ participation in the election of president and vice president in 2014. The approach used in this study is descriptive study, which is a study model by noting, describing and interpreting the role of KPU in increasing the communities’ political participation in the elections of president and vice president 2014 in Malang. This study uses three methods in collecting the data. They are interview, documentation, and observation. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the General Elections Commission has a big role in increasing communities’ political participation in the elections of president and vice president 2014 in Malang. This means that it corresponds to the reality and the facts which occurred, that in 2014 the participation of Malang communities greatly increased. This is supported by the results of the interviews and observations to the government of Malang, Political Parties in Malang and also Malang communities. Besides, the most favorable case is the result of vote counting in Malang which shows as much as 70% of people in Malang participated in the elections for president and vice president 2014 in Malang.Key words: Role of the General Elections Commissions, Communities Participations

scholarly journals The Role of Nusantara Task Force in Preventing Political Vulnerability in Pati Police Jurisdiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-478
Author(s):  
Arindra Wigrha Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Police Chief ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
General Elections ◽  
National Police ◽  
Force Concept

Political insecurity ahead of the 2019 presidential and vice presidential election candidates often arises in the Pati Police jurisdiction. The establishment of this task force aims to minimize the occurrence of various political vulnerabilities ahead of the presidential and vice presidential elections so as not to develop into social conflict. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of political vulnerability that existed during the 2019 Presidential Election in the Pati Police jurisdiction, describe and explain the role of the Nusantara Task Force in preventing the occurrence of problems of political vulnerability that existed during the 2019 Presidential Election in the Pati Police area, and analyze the factors factors influencing the implementation of the Task Force of the Archipelago in preventing the occurrence of problems of political insecurity that existed during the 2019 Presidential Election in the Pati Police jurisdiction. Theories used in this research are the Role Theory and Voter Behavior Theory. The concept used is the Nusantara Task Force Concept. The laws and regulations in this study are Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning the National Police and the Law. No. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, as well as National Police Chief Sprin No. .: Sprin / 40 / I / 2018 Date January 8, 2018 About the Establishment of the Task Force Nusantara.

The American Political Scene

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
C. K. Rowland ◽  
Thomas W. Casstevens
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
The United States ◽  
Congressional Elections ◽  
Political Event ◽  
Parliamentary Systems ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Political Scene ◽  
Selection Of

The American political scene is dominated, as these words are written, by presidential primaries and personal campaigns for presidential nominations. The selection of the chief executive, of course, will be the signal political event of the year 1980. Congressional elections, unlike general elections in parliamentary systems, rarely energize and organize the polity on a national basis. Presidential elections are the national political process in the United States.

scholarly journals Elections in times of neo-coupism and populism: A short essay on Brazil's right-wing presidential candidates' plans for governance and their proposals for gender and Afro-Brazilians

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rangel ◽  
Eneida Vinhaes Dultra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Essay

In October 2018, Brazil held general elections in which new senators, federal representatives, state representatives, governors, and the new president of the republic were chosen. The singularity of the context surrounding the elections is evident: the call occurred two years after a presidential impeachment linked to a state coup which consolidated the ascent of populist forces from the right and which initiated a series of regressions in social rights, criminalization of progressive activism, and increase of police violence. As a result, in the presidential elections, populist candidates and discourses of hate became popular, targeting historically marginalized social groups within the country (women, African-Brazilians, LGBTQIs – Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transgenders, Queers, Intersex – working class, rural communities, and the indigenous populations). This essay examines the presidential proposals or positions towards the aforementioned groups, paying particular attention to speeches of right-populist candidates, especially those made by Jair Bolsonaro, chosen in a runoff election.

Voters reward hard-working MPs: empirical evidence from the French legislative elections

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel François ◽  
Julien Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Political System ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legislative Election

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between incumbent MPs’ activities and their electoral fortune. We address this question in the context of the French political system characterized by an executive domination, a candidate-centered electoral system, and an electoral schedule maximizing the impact of the presidential elections. Given the contradictory influence of these three institutional features on the relationship between MPs’ activities and electoral results, the overall link can only be assessed empirically. We test the effects of several measurements of MPs’ activities on both their vote share and reelection probability in the 2007 legislative election. We show that MPs’ activities are differently correlated to both the incumbents’ vote shares in the first round and their reelection. Despite the weakness of the French National Assembly, several parliamentary activities, especially bill initiation, have a significant effect on MPs’ electoral prospects.

5. Presidential elections: Nominating campaigns and general elections

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sandy Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Electoral College ◽  
College System ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
General Elections

‘Presidential elections: Nominating campaigns and general elections’ explores the complexities of how candidates for president are chosen and how they are elected. The nominating campaign is to many Americans confusing and opaque. The lengthy timescale of primary and caucus elections means that some states have a disproportionate influence on the outcome. Two factors have even greater influence in the election process: the funding of campaigns, which can cost tens of millions of dollars, and the nature of the Electoral College system, which means that much of the debate will be conducted in a few battleground states where a few votes can make a difference to the Electoral College.

5. Presidential elections: Nominating campaigns and general elections

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sandy Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Electoral College ◽  
College System ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
General Elections

‘Presidential elections: nominating campaigns and general elections’ explores the complexities of how candidates for President are chosen and how they are elected. The nominating campaign is to many Americans confusing and opaque. The lengthy timescale of primary and caucus elections means that some States have a disproportionate influence on the outcome. Two factors have even greater influence in the election process: the funding of campaigns and the nature of the electoral college system, which means that much of the debate will be conducted in a few battleground States where a few votes can make a difference to the electoral college.

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