An Analytical Study of Lower House in Pakistan: Legislation During Civilian and Military Rule

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-151
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
Governance System ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
Lower House ◽  
General Elections

A legislature is one of the strongest pillars of a state where legislation is made with the consent of the two-thirds majority of the House. The legislative body of Pakistan comprised President, National Assembly, and Senate. The National Assembly forms on the basis of General Elections in which people elect their representatives to make laws for them. In Pakistan’s chequered political history, this institution remained unable to establish credibility in society. Since the promulgation of the Constitution of 1973, the Lower House has been dissolved seven times by either military or civilian rulers, and it also remained non-existent until ten years. As per the Constitution, it was dissolved only once in 1977 on the advice of the Prime Minister to the President. General elections were also held during military regimes, and the House had been formed under it, but there was a difference between the legislation passed during civilian and military-led eras. The paper examines the role of the Lower House in the Constitution of 1973. It deals with its mandate and responsibilities. It analyses the legislation passed from this House during military and civilian rule periods, including the amendment bills that affected the governance system in Pakistan. It identifies issues and challenges the lower House has to face in regard to its smooth functioning. The paper suggests recommendations to improve the sanctity and credibility of this House that leads to strengthening democracy in Pakistan. Thepaper adopts analytical, qualitative, and deductive approaches to carry on this research work

Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 193-213
Author(s):  
Christopher Cochrane ◽  
Jean-François Godbout ◽  
Jason Vandenbeukel
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
National Level ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Lower House ◽  
The Government

Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy with a bicameral legislature at the national level. Members of the upper House, styled the Senate, are appointed by the prime minister, and members of the lower House, the House of Commons, are elected in single-member plurality electoral districts. In practice, the House of Commons is by far the more important of the two chambers. This chapter, therefore, investigates access to the floor in the Canadian House of Commons. We find that the age, gender, and experience of MPs have little independent effect on access to the floor. Consistent with the dominant role of parties in Canadian political life, we find that an MP’s role within a party has by far the most significant impact on their access to the floor. Intriguingly, backbenchers in the government party have the least access of all.

Russia’s Parliamentary and Presidential Elections

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Lower House ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Boris Yeltsin

In December 1995 General Elections Took Place in Russia for the lower house of parliament, the Duma. In constitutional terms the Duma is a relatively weak body, comparable with the French National Assembly. It initiates and enacts legislation, but must find a two-thirds majority if it is to override a presidential veto. The December elections were, however, of a disproportionate significance. The fact that they were taking place was important in itself. The Duma elected in December 1995 was only the second Duma to be elected in post-Soviet Russia, and the first to be elected in relatively normal circumstances. (The preceding Duma had been elected in 1993 only after President Boris Yeltsin had used tanks against the old Supreme Soviet, created a new parliament almost literally out of its ashes, and legitimized his actions by means of a new constitution approved by a national referendum.)

Bureaucrats and the Senegalese Political Process

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
'Ladipo Adamolekun
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Political Process ◽  
West African ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
The Military

While independence in West Africa focused academic attention on political parties, the proliferation of military régimes in the late 1960s– by 1970, seven West African countries had experienced military rule — brought two other institutions into prominence: the military and civil bureaucracies. This article seeks to throw some light on the place of the civil bureaucracy in Senegal through a study of the role of bureaucrats in the country's political process.

Cambodia’s main opposition could split

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Lower House ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Trade Sanctions

Subject Cambodia's banned opposition. Significance The National Assembly last month passed an amendment to a law on political parties, enabling the prime minister to request the king to lift court-imposed bans on politicians. Prime Minister Hun Sen’s Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) won all 125 seats in parliament’s lower house in last July’s election. The Supreme Court in November 2017 dissolved the main opposition Cambodia National Rescue Party (CNRP) and gave 118 senior party officials five-year bans from politics. Impacts Indicted CNRP leader Kem Sokha could receive a royal pardon as part of efforts to appease foreign critics. EU trade sanctions will hit Cambodia’s export-oriented garments industry, threatening Hun Sen’s support base. Increasing Western hostility will push Cambodia further into China’s orbit.

دور القلب في العملية التفكيرية من المنظور الإسلامي: دراسة وصفية تحليلية (The Role of the Heart in the Thinking Process: An Analytical Study)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-71
Author(s):  
جمال أحمد بشير بادي ◽  
حسام موسى شوشة
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Heart And Mind ◽  
Academic Year

مع قرار الجامعة الإسلامية العالمية بماليزيا بأن تكون مادة التفكير الإبداعي متطلبا جامعيا بحلول العام الجامعي ٢٠١٨/٢٠١٩م، تصبح الحاجة ملحة للقيام بدراسات بحثية حول موضوع "التفكير وقضاياه ومفاهيمه" من منظور إسلامي. ومع تقدم العلوم والمعارف ظهرت بعض الدراسات المعاصرة التي تبيًن جوانب مهمة لدور القلب في العملية التفكيرية. ويهدف البحث لإبراز معالم دور القلب في العملية التفكيرية في ضوء نصوص القرآن الكريم واستقراء بعض أقوال العلماء الواردة في دلالاتها لتجلية معانيها. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: التفكير، القلب والتفكير، القلب في القرآن، العقل والقلب.              Abstract With the decision of the International Islamic University Malaysia to offer Creative Thinking subject to all its students as a university requirement (UNGS) starting semester I of the new academic year 2018/2019, it becomes vital to have more research work on thinking its concepts and issues from an Islamic perspective. With knowledge advancement, a number of studies showed the importance of the role of the heart in thinking process. The paper aims at exploring different aspects of heart’s role in cognition in the light of the Quranic verses’ texts and its scholarly interpretations, implications and connotations. Keywords: thinking, heart and thinking, heart in the Quran, the heart and mind.  

Soldiers As Traditionalizers: Military Rule and the Re-Africanization of Africa

1976 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Mazrui
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Military Leadership ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
Military Regimes

On the basis of evidence mainly from West Africa, many scholars in the 1960's made predictions about likely trends in Africa as a whole on such issues as one-party states. On the basis of data from Eastern Africa, can we now risk predictions about likely performance of military regimes in Africa as a whole?There is evidence from Eastern Africa that African soldiers may be agents of retradi-tionalization. The bulk of the army in most countries is recruited from some of the most rural and least acculturated sectors of society. Contemporary African soldiers may be traditionalists in charge of modern armies with modern technology. What happens when a modern organization is manned mainly by rural recruits?It may be that both modernization and retraditionalization are taking place under military leadership in Africa. The cultural revivalist role of sub-westernized or non-westernized African soldiers is beginning to manifest itself in places like Uganda under Idi Amin and Zaire under Mobutu Sese Seko. The political decline of westernized intellectuals and the rise of soldiers may herald a partial re-Africanization of Africa, but with some painful costs.

Nepal government is secure for now

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Court Order ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Lower House ◽  
The Government

Significance Assembly members are elected indirectly. Last July, Sher Bahadur Deuba was appointed prime minister in line with a Supreme Court order. Deuba’s multi-party coalition has a sizeable majority in the House of Representatives, parliament’s lower house, and a comfortable one in the National Assembly. Impacts If local elections take place in May as currently planned, they will serve as a barometer of public sentiment towards the leading parties. KP Sharma Oli, whom Deuba replaced as premier, will be eyeing a return to power. Politicking risks distracting the government from pursuing important policy goals.

Brexit and Political Personality: The Psychological Profiles of Boris Johnson and Jeremy Corbyn

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-136
Author(s):  
Christ’l De Landtsheer ◽  
Shana Hollander ◽  
Peter Maene
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Key Players ◽  
General Elections ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Jeremy Corbyn

This article focuses on the role of personality in the case of Brexit, the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union on January 31, 2020. A decisive step in Brexit were the general elections on December 12, 2019, in which Boris Johnson, Conservative Prime Minister of the UK and advocate of Brexit, defeated Jeremy Corbyn, Leader of the Labour Party and ‘neutral’ about Brexit. Political psychology considers personality as a major factor in political developments. This article presents the results of an assessment of the personalities of Johnson and Corbyn, and it argues that the personality of these key players influenced the Brexit process. The analysis is based on the theory and methods of Immelman, Immelman & Steinberg, and Mastenbroek. Our findings suggest that Johnson’s charismatic personality, his dominant leadership style, and his negotiating skills contributed to his electoral victory and to the realization of Brexit. Johnson profited from Corbyn’s lack of personal charisma and from his undecisive and divisive leadership regarding Brexit.

scholarly journals Politics of Protest in Pakistan: Causes and Features of the PTI (2014) Dharna in Islamabad, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (I) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Yaseen Ullah ◽  
Manzoor Ahmad ◽  
Syed Wasif Azim
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Multiple Groups

Public protests, agitations and demonstrations are part of the democratic political process. It shapes the polity of a country and transforms social, political and economic aspects. In Pakistan's history, protest or pressure politics has played a significant role. Significant protests in Pakistan have been held against 'election riggings' including the recent one against 2013 general elections (presumably won by Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif's Pakistan Muslim League N). This present study discusses the recent protest 'popularly called Dharna' staged by Pakistan Tehreek e Insaaf (PTI) under the leadership of the present Prime Minister Imran Khan in Islamabad for 126 days against the alleged rigging of elections of 2013. This empirical study explores the causes of PTI Dharna. It is based on the Primary data collected through a random sample of interviews from students, lawyers and political activists in May-June 2019 in Lahore, Nowshera and Peshawar, Pakistan. We argue that the Dharna has multiple features long continued presence, participation of multiple groups, violence and media coverage. However, the dharna has multiple causes. The significant reason of PTI for staging protest against the Nawaz Shairf was the alleged rigging in the general elections of 2013. Other causes of this dharna are to expose corruption and alleged role of establishment for their vested political interests.

Political Communication: Redefining Contemporary Political Management Practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Political Event ◽  
Indian Politics ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
Political Branding ◽  
General Elections

Modern politics, particularly prevalent in the Western Democracies, is replete with instances wherein communication has come to play a pivotal role in the formation or dislodging a government. This is not to say that in traditional political scenario, the role of communication was any lesser. Far from it, communication has always characterized the build-up of events in politics. However, the significance of the same has increased manifold thanks to the advent of social media and complex nature of modern politics as well as due to rise of such concepts as political branding which has gained traction in the wake of proliferation of technology. The same holds true in the Indian political scenario as well. The last few years have redefined the role of communication and its tools in Indian politics, especially during a mega-political event like election. The last two general elections were testimonies to the same. The might of social media has been realized by even its staunchest critics. Along with it, the popular concept of permanent campaign has also characterized the phenomenon of political communication. This paper goes on to explore the underlying concept of political communication and how the same has come to influence the turn of events as well as the final outcome of an election.

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