Healthy Subjects with a Family History of Alcoholism Show Increased Stimulative Subjective Effects of Alcohol

2011 ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Anna H. V. Söderpalm Gordh ◽  
Bo Söderpalm
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Novelty Seeking as a Phenotypic Marker of Adolescent Substance Use

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. SART.S22440 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cinnamon Bidwell ◽  
Valerie S. Knopik ◽  
Janet Audrain-Mcgovern ◽  
Tiffany R. Glynn ◽  
Nichea S. Spillane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Family History ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Indirect Pathway ◽  
Phenotypic Marker ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
History Of

Trait novelty seeking has been consistently implicated in substance use, yet the origins and mechanisms of novelty seeking in substance use proneness are unclear. We aimed to characterize novelty seeking as a phenotypic marker of substance use proneness in adolescence, a critical period for drug use experimentation. To this end, we parsed novelty seeking's two constituent subdimensions – exploratory excitability (drive for novel experience) and impulsiveness (careless decision-making) – and explored the individual relations of these dimensions to: (1) the use of a variety of licit and illicit substances, (2) family history of substance use, and (3) subjective drug effects. Five hundred eighty five adolescents (mean age = 14.5 years) completed surveys of key variables. Results indicated that, when accounting for the covariation among exploratory excitability and impulsiveness, impulsiveness emerged as the more salient correlate of substance use and was independently associated with initiation of nearly all drug classes. Mediation analyses of the mechanisms of novelty seeking-related risk illustrated that impulsiveness mediated the association of family history of substance use with both initiation and past 30-day frequency of use. Both impulsiveness and exploratory excitability were associated with increased positive and negative subjective drug effects, and the analyses supported a significant indirect pathway from impulsiveness to a more frequent use via positive subjective effects. Although limited by a cross-sectional design, these findings suggest that impulsiveness-like aspects of the novelty seeking construct may represent a useful phenotypic marker for early substance use proneness that potentially (1) increases initiation risk, (2) has familial origins, and (3) promotes more frequent use by altering subjective drug response.

scholarly journals Two-hour postload glycemia is associated to an increased risk of NAFLD in healthy subjects with family history of type 2 diabetes: a case control study

Endocrine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-355
Author(s):  
Nadia Pallotta ◽  
Tiziana Filardi ◽  
Anna Carnovale ◽  
Luciano Nieddu ◽  
Paola Mariani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy subjects with a family history of chronic kidney disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Lívia Victorino de Souza ◽  
Pedro Augusto de Carvalho Mira ◽  
Isabelle Magalhães Guedes Freitas ◽  
Natália Portela Pereira ◽  
Jorge Roberto Perrout de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Modulation ◽  
History Of

Endothelium-Dependent Dilatation Is Impaired in Young Healthy Subjects With a Family History of Premature Coronary Disease

Circulation ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 3378-3383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Clarkson ◽  
David S. Celermajer ◽  
Amanda J. Powe ◽  
Ann E. Donald ◽  
Ronald M. A. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Coronary Disease ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
History Of

Lower availability of midbrain serotonin transporter between healthy subjects with and without a family history of major depressive disorder – a preliminary two-ligand SPECT study

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 414-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Hsieh ◽  
K.C. Chen ◽  
T.L. Yeh ◽  
I.H. Lee ◽  
P.S. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Dopaminergic Dysfunction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Depression

AbstractPurposeSerotonin transporter (SERT) and dopamine transporter (DAT) levels differ in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who are in a depressed state in comparison with healthy controls. In addition, a family history of depression is a potent risk factor for developing depression, and inherited vulnerability to serotonergic and dopaminergic dysfunction is suspected in this. The aim of this study was to examine the availabilities of midbrain SERT and striatal DAT in healthy subjects with and without a first-degree family history of MDD.MethodsEight healthy subjects with first-degree relatives with MDD and 16 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were recruited. The availabilities of SERT and DAT were approximated using SPECT, employing [123I] 2-((2-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl)thio)-5-iodophenylamine (ADAM) and [99mTc] TRODAT-1 as the ligands, respectively. There are missing data for one participant with a first-degree family history of MDD from the ADAM study, due to a lack of the radio-ligand at the time of experiment.ResultsSERT availability in the midbrain was significantly lower in subjects with a first-degree family history of MDD than in healthy subjects. However, DAT availability was no different between two groups.ConclusionsThe results with regard to the midbrain SERT level suggest the heritability of MDD.

scholarly journals Effect of Demographic Status and Lifestyle Habits on Glycaemic Levels in Apparently Healthy Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasuni Nisansala Wijesena Walatara ◽  
Lohini Vijayendran Athiththan ◽  
Usha Kumari Hettiaratchi ◽  
Pradeep Rasika Perera
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Aim. To identify the effects of sociodemographic status, family history, and lifestyle habits on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting serum insulin (FSI) levels in apparently healthy subjects.Methods. Information was gathered using an interviewer-administered questionnaire from 227 apparently healthy nondiabetic subjects residing in a suburban area in Sri Lanka. Venous blood samples were collected after an overnight fast for FBG and FSI analysis. Correlations and differences were analyzed using SPSS (ver. 17) software.Results. The majority of the subjects were females, having secondary or tertiary education, monthly income ≥Rs. 25,000 (USD 175), and a positive family history of diabetes. Among the subjects, 10.1% were identified as prediabetics and the majority had familial diabetes with monthly income ≥Rs. 25,000 (USD 175). Subjects with high income had significantly higher mean FBG. In addition FBG had a significant correlation with age. Males and subjects with less than 6 hours/day sleeping duration at night had significantly higher FBG. Subjects with less vigorous physical activity and longer sitting duration had significantly higher FSI levels.Conclusions. Increasing age, higher income, positive familial history of diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and short sleep at night have positive impact on glycaemic status in apparently healthy subjects.

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