The Influence of Water Storage on Durometer Hardness of 5 Soft Denture Liners Over Time

AIM: Investigation of the aging effect on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of bulk-fill resin composite (RC) versus a conventionally incrementally applied one. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 45 sound human impacted third molars extracted molars have been selected to prepare specimens for the μTBS test. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups (C) according to type of RC material which used for restoring the teeth. Where nanohybrid RC (Grandio®SO) was used as the control Group (C1), packable bulk-fill RC (X-tra fil®) was used for restoring teeth in C2 group and flowable bulk-fill RC (X-tra base®) was used for restoring teeth in C3 group. Each group was further subdivided into 3 subgroups (n = 5) according to the water storage time, where in subgroup 1; teeth were stored for 24 h, subgroup 2; teeth were stored for 3 months while for subgroup 3; and teeth were stored for 6 months. After water storage, teeth were sectioned for preparation of μTBS testing beams. Maximum tensile stresses were recorded in megapascal (MPa). RESULTS: After 24 h of water storage, the X-tra base® showed a higher statistically significant μTBS to dentin (33.82 ± 9.84 MPa) than did the other two types of RCs. After 3 months, the X-tra fil® showed the lowest mean value of μTBS (10.90 ± 5.66 MPa), meanwhile, after 6 months of water storage Grandio®SO showed the highest mean value of μTBS (15.85 ± 6.76 MPa). Regardless of the time the X-tra fil® showed the lowest mean of μTBS (15.07 ± 11.73 MPa), while there is no significant difference between the X-tra base® and Grandio®SO. Furthermore, the water aging adversely affects μTBS values which deceased gradually by time. CONCLUSION: The packable bulk-fill RC characterized by lower μTBS to dentin in comparison to the flowable bulk fill and the incrementally applied nanohybrid RCs. Furthermore, the μTBS of the three tested materials decreased gradually by aging.

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The Influence of Water Storage in Marine Sediment on Sea‐Level Change

Geophysical Research Letters ◽

10.1002/2017gl076592 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 2444-2454 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ken L. Ferrier ◽

Qi Li ◽

Tamara Pico ◽

Jacqueline Austermann

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Marine Sediment ◽

Water Storage ◽

Sea Level Change ◽

Level Change ◽

Influence Of Water

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In vitro hardness, water sorption, and resin solubility of laboratory-processed and autopolymerized long-term resilient denture liners over one year of water storage

Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry ◽

10.1067/mpr.2002.127399 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 139-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Gregory R. Parr ◽

Frederick A. Rueggeberg

Keyword(s):

Water Sorption ◽

Water Storage ◽

Denture Liners ◽

One Year

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Influence of Water Sub-Cooling on Discharge Characteristics in a Water Storage Tank

10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering, Volume 3 ◽

10.1115/icone10-22372 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Bingde Chen ◽

Haifeng Zheng ◽

Jie Li

Keyword(s):

Storage Tank ◽

Cold Water ◽

Water Discharge ◽

Water Storage ◽

Steam Condensation ◽

Discharge Characteristics ◽

Water Storage Tank ◽

Influence Of Water ◽

The Impact ◽

Limit Mode

The influences of water sub-cooling on water discharge behaviors from the water storage tank were studied experimentally with a test rig, which consists of a water vessel, a steam supplier, valves and piping. From this study, it is found that the gravitational discharging process is effected strongly by the steam condensation, taking place between steam and cold water in the vessel during discharge. Increased sub-cooling of the water, enhances the steam condensation, and promotes a deeper penetration of steam into water. The two modes of condensation identified in this study are: steam-supply-limit-mode and steam-condensation-limit-mode. The first mode occurs at the primary discharge period if water sub-cooling is large than a certain value, for example, 50°C sub-cooling in this study. Conclusions were derived based on this study for the impact of subcooling on discharge characteristics with respect to flow, pressure, and other parameters. Some suggestions to avoid or reduce undesired phenomena are also presented.

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Reducing gravity data for the influence of water storage variations beneath observatory buildings

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/geo2018-0301.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. EN15-EN31 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marvin Reich ◽

Michal Mikolaj ◽

Theresa Blume ◽

Andreas Güntner

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Gravity Data ◽

Near Field ◽

Water Storage ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Mass Distributions ◽

Site Characteristics ◽

Influence Of Water ◽

Building Effects ◽

Local Water

Ground-based gravimetry is increasingly used to study mass distributions and mass transport below the earth surface. The gravity effect of local water storage variations can be large and should be accounted for in the interpretation of these data. However, the effect of hydrologic mass changes in the immediate vicinity of the gravimeter is not considered in standard routines for separating unwanted signal components. This applies in particular to the effect of the buildings in which gravimeters are installed. The building shields the underlying soil from precipitation and evapotranspiration and thus directly affects the water storage dynamics in the near-field of the gravimeter. A combined approach of in situ soil moisture observations and hydrologic modeling was used to quantify the altered water storage variations below observatory buildings. Subsequently, the errors caused by different estimation approaches for this umbrella effect in hydrogravitational computations were assessed. Depending on the site characteristics, the errors range from 4.1 to [Formula: see text] for the intra-annual amplitude when natural soil moisture data are considered for modeling the umbrella effect, and they range from 4.1 to [Formula: see text] when assuming no gravity change within 5 m below the building. These results were condensed to general recommendations, leading to a new simple and broadly applicable method to reduce observed gravity data for building effects, given basic information about the gravimeter location, building dimensions, climatic regime, and soil type of the observation site. This new reduction approach indicates errors of the intra-annual amplitude from 1.9 to [Formula: see text].

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Mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of PLA and PLA/wood composites prepared by 3D printing and injection moulding

Rapid Prototyping Journal ◽

10.1108/rpj-06-2018-0149 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 672-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Josef Valentin Ecker ◽

Andreas Haider ◽

Ivana Burzic ◽

Axel Huber ◽

Gerhard Eder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

3D Printing ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Injection Moulding ◽

Water Storage ◽

Wood Composites ◽

Content Type ◽

Influence Of Water ◽

3D Printed

Purpose This papers aims to study the influence of water absorption on the mechanical properties of poly lactic acid (PLA) and PLA/Wood composites. Virgin PLA and PLA/Wood double-bone-shaped specimens were prepared by two methods: injection moulding and 3D printing. The results were compared to each other and showed the influence of the production method on the properties of the produced parts. Design/methodology/approach Morphology studies were done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from fracture surfaces of tensile and notched impact specimens of all samples. Tensile properties were analysed by the production and testing of dog-bone-shaped samples. Heat deflection temperature (HDT) was tested, as also was the crystallinity of the tested samples by differential scanning calorimetry. Findings The values for notched impact strength were higher upon water uptake in the case of injection-moulded specimens, which was not the case with 3D-printed specimens. Tensile properties of the specimens produced by both methods were reduced after water absorption tests. Values of the HDT were also lower after water absorption tests studied for both processing methods. Originality/value Morphology studies were done by SEM from fracture surfaces of tensile as well as notched impact specimens of injection-moulded and 3D-printed samples. The effect of water storage on various samples was tested. The two different production technologies were compared to each other owing to their influence of water storage. This study also dealt with NFC compounds and produced NFC composites and the influence of water storage on these samples.

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