scholarly journals Fear from Afar, Not So Risky After All: Distancing Moderates the Relationship Between Fear and Risk Taking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewend Mayiwar ◽  
Fredrik Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

A growing line of research has shown that individuals can regulate emotional biases in risky judgment and decision-making processes through cognitive reappraisal. In the present study, we focus on a specific tactic of reappraisal known as distancing. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion and the emotion regulation literature, we examine how distancing moderates the relationship between fear and risk taking and anger and risk taking. In three pre-registered studies (Ntotal = 1,483), participants completed various risky judgment and decision-making tasks. Replicating previous results, Study 1 revealed a negative relationship between fear and risk taking and a positive relationship between anger and risk taking at low levels of distancing. Study 2 replicated the interaction between fear and distancing but found no interaction between anger and distancing. Interestingly, at high levels of distancing, we observed a reversal of the relationship between fear and risk taking in both Study 1 and 2. Study 3 manipulated emotion and distancing by asking participants to reflect on current fear-related and anger-related stressors from an immersed or distanced perspective. Study 3 found no main effect of emotion nor any evidence of a moderating role of distancing. However, exploratory analysis revealed a main effect of distancing on optimistic risk estimation, which was mediated by a reduction in self-reported fear. Overall, the findings suggest that distancing can help regulate the influence of incidental fear on risk taking and risk estimation. We discuss implications and suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals Fear From Afar, Not So Risky After All: Distancing Moderates the Relationship Between Fear and Risk Taking

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewend Mayiwar ◽  
Fredrik Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Relationship

A growing line of research has shown that individuals can regulate emotional biases in risky judgment and decision-making processes through cognitive reappraisal. In the present study, we focus on a specific tactic of reappraisal known as distancing. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion and the emotion regulation literature, we examine how distancing moderates the relationship between fear and risk taking and anger and risk taking. In three pre-registered studies (Ntotal = 1,483), participants completed various risky judgment and decision-making tasks. Replicating previous results, Study 1 revealed a negative relationship between fear and risk taking and a positive relationship between anger and risk taking at low levels of distancing. Study 2 replicated the interaction between fear and distancing but found no interaction between anger and distancing. Interestingly, at high levels of distancing, we observed a reversal of the relationship between fear and risk taking in both Study 1 and 2. Study 3 manipulated emotion and distancing by asking participants to reflect on current fear-related and anger-related stressors from an immersed or distanced perspective. Study 3 found no main effect of emotion nor any evidence of a moderating role of distancing. However, exploratory analysis revealed a main effect of distancing on optimistic risk estimation, which was mediated by a reduction in self-reported fear. Overall, the findings suggest that distancing can help regulate the influence of incidental fear on risk taking and risk estimation. We discuss implications and suggestions for future research.

How does familiarity shape destination image and loyalty for visitors and residents?

2020 ◽  
pp. 135676672096974
Author(s):  
Gian Luca Casali ◽  
Yulin Liu ◽  
Angelo Presenza ◽  
Char-Lee Moyle
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Destination Image ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
Place Image ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Destination familiarity is thought to critically influence tourists’ decision-making processes. Yet the role of familiarity in shaping tourists’ and residents’ image of, and loyalty to, a destination remains uncertain. This research tests a complex and holistic model of familiarity, affective, cognitive and overall images, and the conative behavioural intentions of visiting and recommending the destination for both residents and visitors in the context of the emerging tourism destination of Molise, Italy. The results reveal that residents and visitors differ in terms of their familiarity and intention to visit a place, with familiarity being less likely to influence residents’ intentions. There is heterogeneity between residents and visitors’ affective image and intention to visit, as well as between their overall image and intention to recommend Molise. Hence, unlike visitors, residents are more likely to respond to factual cognitive imaging, rather than emotional messaging, suggesting that shifting residents’ perceptions of place image requires a different approach to that of visitors. Future research should seek to confirm the relationships in a multi-destination study.

Managerial perceptions of energy in logistics

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Busse ◽  
Alexander Regelmann ◽  
Hariganesh Chithambaram ◽  
Stephan M. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Managerial Perceptions ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Awareness Raising

Purpose Because of the major contribution of logistics to the greenhouse gas effect, logistics research has begun to address the topic of energy, but it has not yet targeted the role of energy within logistical decision-making processes. To facilitate such endeavors, the purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptions of energy which managers in logistics organizations portray. Design/methodology/approach This investigation is based on interviews with 17 managers. The findings are embedded in the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and stakeholder theory (SHT). Findings The study depicts initial insights on which energy-related perceptions exist, how they can be categorized into attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls (PBCs), and how different stakeholders seem to affect them. Research limitations/implications This research suggests a tentative comprehensive conceptual framework that describes the role of energy in logistical decision-making processes. The findings on attitudes and subjective norms appear to be unspecific to the logistics domain, whereas some of the PBCs are presumably unique to the logistics context. Future logistics research should hence focus its efforts on the PBCs. Generalizability and completeness of the managerial perceptions must be validated by future research. Practical implications The findings help logistics organizations in scrutinizing managerial perspectives on energy and in developing awareness-raising measures. Originality/value The behavioral perspective applied in this study can complement extant, more technically oriented views. The conceptual framework that integrates the TPB and SHT may also be useful for organizational research beyond the logistics domain.

Religion and Relationship Quality Among Cohabiting and Dating Couples

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1904-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea K. Henderson ◽  
Christopher G. Ellison ◽  
Norval D. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marital Expectations ◽  
Dating Couples ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The Relationship

Despite research on religion and marriage, little is known about the role of religion in the relationships of nonmarried couples. This study addresses two questions: (a) Do various dimensions of religious involvement—shared religious beliefs, affiliation and attendance, and theistic sanctification—influence the relationship satisfaction and marital expectations of dating and cohabiting individuals? (b) Is the association mediated by positive and negative relationship behaviors by the respondent and/or partner? We investigate these questions using the National Survey of Religion and Family Life, a nationwide sample of working-age adults, aged 18 to 59 years ( n = 468) with oversamples of African Americans and Latinos. Various dimensions of religious involvement are positively associated with the relationship satisfaction and expectations to marry among nonmarried individuals. Positive and negative relationship behaviors slightly diminish the link between religion and (a) relationship satisfaction and (b) expectations of marriage. Several implications and promising directions for future research are discussed.

Moral Disengagement and Ethical Decision-Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Johnson ◽  
Shane Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Trait Affect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract. Process-focused models of ethical decision-making (EDM) have focused on individual and situational constraints influencing EDM processes and outcomes. Trait affect and propensity to morally disengage are two individual factors that influence EDM. The current study examines the moderating role of dispositional guilt and shame on the relationship between moral disengagement and EDM. Results indicate that moderate and high levels of dispositional guilt attenuate the negative relationship between moral disengagement and EDM, while low guilt does not. Dispositional shame does not moderate the relationship between moral disengagement and EDM. Implications for personnel selection are discussed.

scholarly journals Investigating the Mediatory Role of Hope and Shame in the Relationship between Caregiver Burden and Quality of Life of Patients with Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touraj Shahvand ◽  
Mehdi Reza Sarafraz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Caregiving Burden ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Patients suffering from cancer need to receive care from their family; however, their family caregivers do this without preparation or training, so their involvement in patients’ care results in a caregiving burden that may affect patient’s hope and quality of life (QOL). Methods This study examines the effect of caregiving burden on the QOL of cancer patients (n = 100) with the mediatory role of hope and shame. To achieve this, Persian versions of Zarit Burden Interview, the World Health Organization QOL, Herth Hope Index, and Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale were used. Meanwhile, path regression analysis was implemented to analyze the relationship between caregiving burden and QOL. Results The results implied a relation among caregiver burden, hope, and QOL of patients diagnosed with cancer. It was found that there is a direct and negative relationship between caregiver burden and hope. In addition, there was an indirect and positive relationship between caregiver burden and QOL. Hope and QOL also had a high correlation. Besides, it was shown that there was a negative relationship between the shame experienced by patients and their hope and QOL. Conclusion caregiver burden was proved to be influential and negatively affected the factor for the QOL. Besides, patients’ hope decreases while caregiving burden increases; this will in turn affect patients’ recovery and their physical, mental, and cognitive functions. This study provides a foundation for future research in this critical area for oncology.

scholarly journals Shall I Show My Emotions? The Effects of Facial Expressions in the Ultimatum Game

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Sara Ferracci ◽  
Felice Giuliani ◽  
Alfredo Brancucci ◽  
Davide Pietroni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Past ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Interpersonal Emotions ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Over the past fifteen years, research has demonstrated the central role of interpersonal emotions in communicating intentions, goals and desires. These emotions can be conveyed through facial expressions during specific social interactions, such as in the context of coordination between economic agents, where information inferred from them can influence certain decision-making processes. We investigated whether four facial expressions (happiness, neutral, angry and disgusted) can affect decision-making in the Ultimatum Game (UG). In this economic game, one player (proposer) plays the first move and proposes how to allocate a given amount of money in an anonymous one-shot interaction. If the other player (responder) accepts the proposal, each player receives the allocated amount of money; if he/she rejects the offer, both players receive nothing. During the task, participants acted as the responder (Experiment 1) or the proposer (Experiment 2) while seeing the opponent’s facial expression. For the responders, the results show that the decision was mainly driven by the fairness of the offer, with a small main effect of emotion. No interaction effect was found between emotion and offer. For the proposers, the results show that participants modulated their offers on the basis of the responders’ expressed emotions. The most generous/fair offers were proposed to happy responders. Less generous/fair offers were proposed to neutral responders. Finally, the least generous/fair offers were proposed to angry and disgusted responders.

scholarly journals Corporate Decision-Making for Arts Sponsorship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kate Daellenbach
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Decision Paths

<p><b>Sponsorship is a crucial revenue stream for many non-profit arts organisations. At the same time businesses appear to be viewing sponsorship and philanthropy as an ever more strategic activity, yet little is known about the actual decision-making processes these companies undergo in considering arts sponsorships.</b></p> <p>Examination of sponsorship and philanthropy literature revealed that an opportunity existed to study these processes in more depth, and the research question was posed: How do companies make decisions when considering arts sponsorship? Literature from Organisational Buying Behaviour and Decision-making provided lenses by which these processes could be viewed, and a subsequent framework was developed to inform the research.</p> <p>Multiple cases of positive arts sponsorship decisions from within New Zealand were examined. Responses from 24 in-depth interviews resulted in the identification of ten cases for which information was gathered from multiple informants on both sides of the relationship. In addition, ten interviews were categorised as “experts” on the topic of arts sponsorship more generally, and used as a secondary source of data. Within and between case analyses was combined with comparison of expert responses to yield initial results. Taking a theory-building approach, iteration between results, literature and theory served to develop the final findings.</p> <p>This study revealed a number of key themes which characterise these decisions. Firstly, the expectations and perceptions of society, concerning sponsorship, influence stakeholders, companies and individual managers, and subsequently influence these decisions. Secondly, a co-existence of both commercial and philanthropic goals was found within decisions, suggesting that such decisions are not always categorized into one particular area. Thirdly, a key influential role was identified in these decisions as that of an advocate, being a manager who sees the benefit of the sponsorship and essentially makes it happen within the organisation. Fourthly, it was found that these decisions rely on and are influenced in part by individual intuition, based on personal and professional experience, and serving to pave the way for a type of informedhappenstance, necessary for the decisions to progress. While three decision paths were noted in this study, a general decision process was proposed which would vary based on many of the characteristics above.</p> <p>Overall, this study has contributed to sponsorship and philanthropy literature in revealing arts sponsorship decisions to be complex, with managers influenced by expectations and perceptions of society, commercial and philanthropic goals, individual and company frames, and intuitive and economic justifications. In conclusion, propositions and suggestions for future research are proposed, along with implications for managers in both arts organisations and sponsoring businesses.</p>

scholarly journals Corporate Decision-Making for Arts Sponsorship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kate Daellenbach
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Multiple Informants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Decision Paths

<p><b>Sponsorship is a crucial revenue stream for many non-profit arts organisations. At the same time businesses appear to be viewing sponsorship and philanthropy as an ever more strategic activity, yet little is known about the actual decision-making processes these companies undergo in considering arts sponsorships.</b></p> <p>Examination of sponsorship and philanthropy literature revealed that an opportunity existed to study these processes in more depth, and the research question was posed: How do companies make decisions when considering arts sponsorship? Literature from Organisational Buying Behaviour and Decision-making provided lenses by which these processes could be viewed, and a subsequent framework was developed to inform the research.</p> <p>Multiple cases of positive arts sponsorship decisions from within New Zealand were examined. Responses from 24 in-depth interviews resulted in the identification of ten cases for which information was gathered from multiple informants on both sides of the relationship. In addition, ten interviews were categorised as “experts” on the topic of arts sponsorship more generally, and used as a secondary source of data. Within and between case analyses was combined with comparison of expert responses to yield initial results. Taking a theory-building approach, iteration between results, literature and theory served to develop the final findings.</p> <p>This study revealed a number of key themes which characterise these decisions. Firstly, the expectations and perceptions of society, concerning sponsorship, influence stakeholders, companies and individual managers, and subsequently influence these decisions. Secondly, a co-existence of both commercial and philanthropic goals was found within decisions, suggesting that such decisions are not always categorized into one particular area. Thirdly, a key influential role was identified in these decisions as that of an advocate, being a manager who sees the benefit of the sponsorship and essentially makes it happen within the organisation. Fourthly, it was found that these decisions rely on and are influenced in part by individual intuition, based on personal and professional experience, and serving to pave the way for a type of informedhappenstance, necessary for the decisions to progress. While three decision paths were noted in this study, a general decision process was proposed which would vary based on many of the characteristics above.</p> <p>Overall, this study has contributed to sponsorship and philanthropy literature in revealing arts sponsorship decisions to be complex, with managers influenced by expectations and perceptions of society, commercial and philanthropic goals, individual and company frames, and intuitive and economic justifications. In conclusion, propositions and suggestions for future research are proposed, along with implications for managers in both arts organisations and sponsoring businesses.</p>

scholarly journals The Supervisor’s Support For Silence And The Organizational Commitment: The Mediating Role Of Organizational Silence Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel R. M. Rayan ◽  
Nadia A. M. Ali ◽  
Mostafa S. K. Abdel Moneim
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Supervisor Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Organizational Silence ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to test the relationship between supervisor support for silence and organizational commitment, as well as testing the relationship between supervisor support for silence and organizational silence behavior.  The study also aimed to identify the relationship between organizational silence behavior and organizational commitment, as well as the test of the mediation role of silence behavior in the relationship between supervisor support for silence and organizational commitment. The study was applied to a sample of (365) employees from Assiut university in Egypt.  The current study used Brinsfield (2009) scale to measure the supervisor support for silence, and organizational silence behavior which was prepared based on several studies (Morrison & Obligation either, Melliken; 2000; Pinder & Harlos, 2001;  Vakola & Buradas, 2005) where the organizational commitment was measured by Morrow (1983).   Data analyzed using the SPSS program Data, as well as the AMOS program to test the quality of compatibility between data collected and theoretical data, and the structural model to test the hypotheses of the study. The study found that there is a negative relationship between the supervisor's support for silence and the organizational commitment. There is a positive correlation between supervisor support for silence and organizational silence behavior and a negative relationship between the behavior of organizational silence and organizational commitment. The study also found that the Organizational Silence behavior mediated the relationship between Supervisor’s support for silence and the Organizational Commitment.  Directions for managerial implications are recommended to Assiut University. The study ended with the limitations and avenues for future research. 

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