Evaporation rate and skin blood flow in full term infants nursed in a warm environment before and after feeding cold water

Phototherapy is known to increase peripheral blood flow in neonates, but information on the associated cardiovascular effects is not available. Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography we evaluated cardiac output and stroke volume in 12 preterm and 13 term neonates during and after phototherapy. We concomitantly measured arterial limb blood flow by strain gauge plethysmography and skin blood flow by photoplethysmography. Cardiac output decreased by 6% due to reduced stroke volume during phototherapy, whereas total limb blood flow and skin blood flow increased by 38% and 41%, respectively. Peripheral blood flow increments tended to be higher in the preterm than in the term infants. The reduced stroke volume during phototherapy may be an expression of reduced activity of the newborn during phototherapy. For healthy neonates the reduction in cardiac output is minimal, but for sick infants with reduced cardiac output, this reduction may further aggravate the decrease in tissue perfusion.

Download Full-text

Effect of Different Local Vibration Frequencies on the Multiscale Regularity of Plantar Skin Blood Flow

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e22111288 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 1288

Author(s):

Fuyuan Liao ◽

Keying Zhang ◽

Lingling Zhou ◽

Yanni Chen ◽

Jeannette Elliott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Metatarsal Head ◽

Structural Features ◽

Frequency Interval ◽

Local Vibration ◽

First Metatarsal ◽

Before And After ◽

The Right ◽

Selection Of

Local vibration has shown promise in improving skin blood flow (SBF). However, there is no consensus on the selection of the best vibration frequency. An important reason may be that previous studies utilized time- and frequency-domain parameters to characterize vibration-induced SBF responses. These parameters are unable to characterize the structural features of the SBF response to local vibrations, thus contributing to the inconsistent findings seen in vibration research. The objective of this study was to provide evidence that nonlinear dynamics of SBF responses would be an important aspect for assessing the effect of local vibration on SBF. Local vibrations at 100 Hz, 35 Hz, and 0 Hz (sham vibration) with an amplitude of 1 mm were randomly applied to the right first metatarsal head of 12 healthy participants for 10 min. SBF at the same site was measured for 10 min before and after local vibration. The degree of regularity of SBF was quantified using a multiscale sample entropy algorithm. The results showed that 100 Hz vibration significantly increased multiscale regularity of SBF but 35 Hz and 0 Hz (sham vibration) did not. The significant increase of regularity of SBF after 100 Hz vibration was mainly attributed to increased regularity of SBF oscillations within the frequency interval at 0.0095–0.15 Hz. These findings support the use of multiscale regularity to assess effectiveness of local vibration on improving skin blood flow.

Download Full-text

Peripheral blood flow during rewarming from mild hypothermia in humans

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1985.58.1.4 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 4-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

G. K. Savard ◽

K. E. Cooper ◽

W. L. Veale ◽

T. J. Malkinson

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Core Temperature ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Cold Water ◽

Mild Hypothermia ◽

Muscle Blood Flow ◽

Venous Occlusion ◽

Warm Bath ◽

Peripheral Blood Flow ◽

Deep Body Temperature

During the initial stages of rewarming from hypothermia, there is a continued cooling of the core, or after-drop in temperature, that has been attributed to the return of cold blood due to peripheral vasodilatation, thus causing a further decrease of deep body temperature. To examine this possibility more carefully, subjects were immersed in cold water (17 degrees C), and then rewarmed from a mildly hypothermic state in a warm bath (40 degrees C). Measurements of hand blood flow were made by calorimetry and of forearm, calf, and foot blood flows by straingauge venous occlusion plethysmography at rest (Ta = 22 degrees C) and during rewarming. There was a small increase in skin blood flow during the falling phase of core temperature upon rewarming in the warm bath, but none in foot blood flow upon rewarming at room air, suggesting that skin blood flow seems to contribute to the after-drop, but only minimally. Limb blood flow changes during this phase suggest that a small muscle blood flow could also have contributed to the after-drop. It was concluded that the after-drop of core temperature during rewarming from mild hypothermia does not result from a large vasodilatation in the superficial parts of the periphery, as postulated. The possible contribution of mechanisms of heat conduction, heat convection, and cessation of shivering thermogenesis were discussed.

Download Full-text

Diminished skin blood flow in Type I diabetes: evidence for non-endothelium-dependent dysfunction

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs1010059 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Abram KATZ ◽

Karin EKBERG ◽

Bo-Lennart JOHANSSON ◽

John WAHREN

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Sodium Nitroprusside ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Perfusion Imaging ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Type I Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type I ◽

Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging ◽

Before And After

The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent to which skin blood flow (SBF) responses to application of endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilating agents differ between Type I diabetic patients and healthy subjects. Patients and matched controls were studied after an overnight fast. SBF was determined with laser Doppler perfusion imaging before and after iontophoresis of acetylcholine (Ach; endothelium-dependent) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; endothelium-independent). Basal SBF did not differ significantly between groups. Iontophoresis of ACh and SNP increased SBF 20-fold in controls. In the patients, the increases in SBF following iontophoresis of ACh and SNP were reduced by 18% and 19%, respectively, versus controls (P < 0.05 for both). These data demonstrate that Type I diabetic patients have similar diminished SBF responses to iontophoresis of ACh and SNP, which suggests that non-endothelial-dependent factors are primarily responsible for the diminished SBF responses.

Download Full-text

Arterial blood flow and autonomic function in full-term infants

Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging ◽

10.1111/j.1475-097x.2006.00661.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 127-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nili Gabai ◽

Ayala Cohen ◽

Ayed Mahagney ◽

David Bader ◽

Emanuel Tirosh

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Full Term ◽

Arterial Blood Flow ◽

Term Infants ◽

Arterial Blood

Download Full-text

Lack of humanlike active vasodilation in skin of heat-stressed baboons

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1976.41.4.528 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 528-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

C. R. Wyss ◽

L. B. Rowell

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Blocking Agent ◽

Papio Anubis ◽

Vascular Conductance ◽

Skin Circulation ◽

Before And After ◽

Alpha Blockade ◽

Adrenergic Blocking

To discover whether humanlike active skin vasodilation occurs in a sweating, subhuman primate, four unanesthetized male baboons (Papio anubis) were heated (blood temp = 39–39.5 degrees C) before and after arterial administration of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent phenoxybenzamine HCl. Hcat stress alone increased common iliac vascular conductance (CIVC) from 1.2 to 3.7 ml-min-1-mmHg-1 (averages). alpha-Blockade alone increased CIVC from 1.2 to 3.3 ml-min-1-mmHg-1. Heat stress subsequent to alpha-blockade further increased CIVC by only 0.4 ml-min-1-mmHg-1. Thus, most of the rise in CIVC caused by heat stress could be mimicked by alpha-blockade. If, as in man, the dominant means of raising skin blood flow were nonadrenergic active vasodilation, the response of CIVC to heating would far exceed that due to alpha-blockade. We conclude that, in baboons, humanlike active vasodilation of skin plays no significant role in CIVC response to heat stress. Thus, the baboon is not an appropriate model for investigation of control of human skin circulation during hyperthermia.

Download Full-text

Thermography as a method for evaluating human vegetative reactions

Journal of the Belarusian State University Biology ◽

10.33581/2521-1722-2019-2-36-44 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 36-44

Author(s):

Kseniya M. Liuzina ◽

Svetlana A. Rutkevich ◽

Raman Yu. Mikulich ◽

Dzmitry M. Kabanau ◽

Yahor V. Lebiadok

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Blood Supply ◽

Skin Blood Flow ◽

Thermal Imaging ◽

Imaging Method ◽

Objective Information ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Before And After

The possibility of using the thermal imaging method to assess the level of blood flow in the course of building thermograms of the surface of the hands of healthy volunteers before and after the load on the muscles was studied in this paper. The results obtained using the thermal imaging method provide objective information about the degree of blood supply to the tissues, which opens up new perspectives for evaluating skin blood flow in the dynamics. The technique is absolutely safe, non-invasive, versatile and easy to perform.

Download Full-text

The 2014–2015 National Impact of the 2014 American Academy of Pediatrics Guidance for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunoprophylaxis on Preterm Infants Born in the United States

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1606352 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (02) ◽

pp. 192-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Amanda Kong ◽

Leonard Krilov ◽

Jaime Fergie ◽

Mitchell Goldstein ◽

David Diakun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

The United States ◽

Full Term ◽

First Year ◽

Term Infants ◽

Medical Claims ◽

Hospitalization Rates ◽

Before And After ◽

Syncytial Virus

Objective This article aims to compare respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis (IP) use and RSV hospitalization rates (RSVH) in preterm and full-term infants without chronic lung disease of prematurity or congenital heart disease before and after the recommendation against RSV IP use in preterm infants born at 29 to 34 weeks' gestational age (wGA). Study Design Infants in commercial and Medicaid claims databases were followed from birth through first year to assess RSV IP and RSVH, as a function of infant's age and wGA. RSV IP was based on pharmacy or outpatient medical claims for palivizumab. RSVH was based on inpatient medical claims with a diagnosis of RSV. Results Commercial and Medicaid infants 29 to 34 wGA represented 2.9 to 3.5% of all births. RSV IP use in infants 29 to 34 wGA decreased 62 to 95% (p < 0.01) in the 2014–2015 season relative to the 2013–2014 season. Compared with the 2013–2014 season, RSVH increased by 2.7-fold (p = 0.02) and 1.4-fold (p = 0.03) for infants aged <3 months and 29 to 34 wGA in the 2014–2015 season with commercial and Medicaid insurance, respectively. In the 2014–2015 season, RSVH for infants 29 to 34 wGA were two to seven times higher than full-term infants without high-risk conditions. Conclusion Following the 2014 RSV IP guidance change, RSV IP use declined and RSVH increased among infants born at 29 to 34 wGA and aged <3 months.

Download Full-text