Lipid peroxidation in brain tissue in vitro: Effects on phospholipids and fatty acids

Exhaled aliphatic aldehydes were proposed as non-invasive biomarkers to detect increased lipid peroxidation in various diseases. As a prelude to clinical application of the multicapillary column–ion mobility spectrometry for the evaluation of aldehyde exhalation, we, therefore: (1) identified the most abundant volatile aliphatic aldehydes originating from in vitro oxidation of various polyunsaturated fatty acids; (2) evaluated emittance of aldehydes from plastic parts of the breathing circuit; (3) conducted a pilot study for in vivo quantification of exhaled aldehydes in mechanically ventilated patients. Pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, and nonanal were quantifiable in the headspace of oxidizing polyunsaturated fatty acids, with pentanal and hexanal predominating. Plastic parts of the breathing circuit emitted hexanal, octanal, nonanal, and decanal, whereby nonanal and decanal were ubiquitous and pentanal or heptanal not being detected. Only pentanal was quantifiable in breath of mechanically ventilated surgical patients with a mean exhaled concentration of 13 ± 5 ppb. An explorative analysis suggested that pentanal exhalation is associated with mechanical power—a measure for the invasiveness of mechanical ventilation. In conclusion, exhaled pentanal is a promising non-invasive biomarker for lipid peroxidation inducing pathologies, and should be evaluated in future clinical studies, particularly for detection of lung injury.

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Cooling of equine semen at 16°C for 36 hours with addition of different glutathione concentrations

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6p3699 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 3699

Author(s):

Rodrigo Arruda de Oliveira ◽

Marco Antônio De Oliveira Viu ◽

Maria Lúcia Gambarini

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Sperm Motility ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Sperm Cells ◽

Sperm Viability ◽

Membrane Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Acrosomal Membrane ◽

In Vitro Effects

Handling equine semen during the refrigeration process reduces sperm viability, and consequently causes membrane lipid peroxidation, among other challenges. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of glutathione (control, 1. 0, 1. 5, and 2. 5 mM) on equine semen in a refrigeration protocol of 16ºC for 36 hours. The following variables were evaluated after 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours refrigeration: total sperm motility, vigor, viability, and plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity. Motility was higher with 2. 5mM of glutathione (57. 8 ± 7. 3) after 12 hours of refrigeration compared to the control (53. 2 ± 8. 3) (P < 0. 05). After 36 hours of refrigeration, motility was higher with 1. 5 mM (43. 4 ± 12. 7) and 2. 5mM glutathione (45. 5 ± 6. 2), than it was with 1mM glutathione (38. 2 ± 9) and the control (35. 5 ± 18. 4) (P < 0. 05), respectively. Vigor was highest with 1. 5mM glutathione (3. 7 ± 0. 3) after 36 hours compared to the control (3. 2 ± 1. 1), (P < 0. 05). Viability differed between control and 1mM treatments (79. 5 ± 1. 8) only after 24 hours (75. 5 ± 9. 7) (P < 0. 05). Throughout the investigation, no significant differences were noted in plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity (P > 0. 05). The 1. 5 and 2. 5mM glutathione levels were more efficient in protecting sperm cells and yielded higher total motility values after 36 hours of refrigeration.

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Chemical Additives in Rumen Fermentations: In Vitro Effects of Various Drugs on Rumen Volatile Fatty Acids and Protozoa

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas1970.305812x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 812-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. J. O'Connor ◽

G. S. Myers ◽

D. C. Maplesden ◽

G. W. Vander Noot

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

In Vitro Effects

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Characterization of the unique In Vitro effects of unsaturated fatty acids on the formation of amyloid β fibrils

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0219465 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. e0219465 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miki Eto ◽

Tadafumi Hashimoto ◽

Takao Shimizu ◽

Takeshi Iwatsubo

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

In Vitro Effects

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The role of lipid components of the diet in the regulation of the fatty acid composition of the rat liver endoplasmic reticulum and lipid peroxidation

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1740585 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 174 (2) ◽

pp. 585-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

Catherine T. Hammer ◽

Eric D. Wills

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Lipid Peroxide

The fatty acid compositions of the lipids and the lipid peroxide concentrations and rates of lipid peroxidation were determined in suspensions of liver endoplasmic reticulum isolated from rats fed on synthetic diets in which the fatty acid composition had been varied but the remaining constituents (protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals) kept constant. Stock diet and synthetic diets containing no fat, 10% corn oil, herring oil, coconut oil or lard were used. The fatty acid composition of the liver endoplasmic reticulum lipid was markedly dependent on the fatty acid composition of the dietary lipid. Feeding a herring-oil diet caused incorporation of 8.7% eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and 17% docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), but only 5.1% linoleic acid (C18:2) and 6.4% arachidonic acid (C20:4), feeding a corn-oil diet caused incorporation of 25.1% C18:2, 17.8% C20:4 and 2.5% C22:6 fatty acids, and feeding a lard diet caused incorporation of 10.3% C18:2, 13.5% C20:4 and 4.3% C22:6 fatty acids into the liver endoplasmic-reticulum lipids. Phenobarbitone injection (100mg/kg) decreased the incorporation of C20:4 and C22:6 fatty acids into the liver endoplasmic reticulum of rats fed on a lard, corn-oil or herring-oil diet. Microsomal lipid peroxide concentrations and rates of peroxidation in the presence of ascorbate depended on the nature and quantity of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet. The lipid peroxide content was 1.82±0.30nmol of malonaldehyde/mg of protein and the rate of peroxidation was 0.60±0.08nmol of malonaldehyde/min per mg of protein after feeding a fat-free diet, and the values were increased to 20.80nmol of malonaldehyde/mg of protein and 3.73nmol of malonaldehyde/min per mg of protein after feeding a 10% herring-oil diet in which polyunsaturated fatty acids formed 24% of the total fatty acids. Addition of α-tocopherol to the diets (120mg/kg of diet) caused a very large decrease in the lipid peroxide concentration and rate of lipid peroxidation in the endoplasmic reticulum, but addition of the synthetic anti-oxidant 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol to the diet (100mg/kg of diet) was ineffective. Treatment of the animals with phenobarbitone (1mg/ml of drinking water) caused a sharp fall in the rate of lipid peroxidation. It is concluded that the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of the diet regulates the fatty acid composition of the liver endoplasmic reticulum, and this in turn is an important factor controlling the rate and extent of lipid peroxidation in vitro and possibly in vivo.

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