Policy Implications of the Epidemiology of Dental Diseases for the Prevention and Control of Periodontal Disease: The North Carolina Studies

1983 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gary Rozler ◽  
Walter I. McFall ◽  
Becky S. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
The North ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Modelling of the distribution of Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria straminea in the metropolitan region of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica Santos Barbosa ◽  
Ricardo José de Paula Souza E Guimarães ◽  
Rodrigo Moraes Loyo ◽  
Constança Simões Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

The occurrence of schistosomiasis is directly linked to the presence of its snail intermediate host <em>Biomphalaria</em> spp. Knowledge of geographical distribution, habitats and behaviour of these snails in relation to the climate is essential for guiding measures for disease prevention and control. This study aims to model the distribution of <em>B. glabrata</em> and <em>B. straminea</em> in schistosomiasis non-endemic areas of the metropolitan region of Recife (MRR) based on environmental data and estimates of snail distributions in endemic and neighbouring areas. We applied Kriging with the aim of determining the spatial distribution of these two snail species and MaxEnt for modelling their ecological behaviour. Kriging showed that the North and the Centre of the MRR were generally either snail-free or contained only <em>B. straminea</em>, while both snail species could be found in the South. MaxEnt supported our observation that the northern and southern coastal regions were favoured by <em>B. glabrata</em> and diurnal mean temperature variation; July rainfall and November rainfall were the three variables favouring <em>Biomphalaria</em> breeding sites that contributed the most in the predictive model we developed. The study showed the location of areas suitable to <em>Biomphalaria</em> spp. and therefore at potential risk, first for invasion of these snails and later for the development of new schistosomiasis- endemic areas. This information should be useful, not only to estimate expansion possibilities of this disease in the MRR, but also to point out the climatic variables that would contribute to this expansion, thereby allowing timely application of prevention and control measures.

Imported Malaria in Montagnard Refugees Settling in North Carolina: Implications for Prevention and Control

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A. Paxton ◽  
Laurence Slutsker ◽  
Linda J. Schultz ◽  
Stephen P. Luby ◽  
Rebecca Meriwether ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Imported Malaria ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dissemination across pig production systems in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Jara ◽  
David A. Rasmussen ◽  
Cesar A. Corzo ◽  
Gustavo Machado
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
The North ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Virus Dissemination ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
And Control

SummaryPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains widespread in the North American pig population. Despite improvements in virus characterization, it is unclear whether PRRSV infections are a product of viral circulation within a farm, within production systems (local) or across production systems (external). Here we examined the dissemination dynamics of PRRSV and the processes facilitating its spread within and among pig farms in three production systems. Overall, PRRSV genetic diversity declined since 2018, while phylodynamic results support frequent transmission across-production systems. We found that PRRSV dissemination occurred mostly through transmission between farms of different production companies, which were predominant for several months, especially from November until May when PRRSV tends to peak in the studied region. Within production systems, dissemination occurred mainly through regular pig flow (from sow to nursery and then to finisher farms); nevertheless, an important flux of PRRSV dissemination from finisher to sow and nursery farms highlighted the importance of downstream farms as sources of the virus. Farms at areas with pig density from 500 to 1000 pig/km2 and farms located at a range within 0.5 km and 0.7 km from major roads were more likely to infect by PRRSV, whereas farms at elevation between 41 and 61 meters and denser vegetation acted as dissemination barriers. Although remains a challenge, there is a need to disentangle the route of PRRSV transmission, results evidenced that dissemination among commercially unrelated pig production systems was intense, reinforcing the importance of farm proximity on PRRSV spread. Thus, consideration of farm location and their geographic characteristics may help to forecast dissemination. The understanding of PRRSV transmission routes has the potential to inform targeted strategies for its prevention and control. Further studies are needed to quantify the relative contribution of PRRSV transmission routes.

Implementation of dangerous drugs prevention and control programs in Cebu City

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shella Debbie N. Contridas ◽  
Dodelon F. Sabijon ◽  
Jasmin T. Bayron ◽  
Esmeraldo E. Damuag ◽  
Donn A. Oberes
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The North ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Correlational Method ◽  
National Police ◽  
And Control

Dangerous drugs cause side effects to users for they are not a 100% safe as many people think. The dangers of drug use depend on the drug, set and setting factors.  This study assessed the implementation of the drugs prevention and control programs of the Philippine National Police (PNP) and auxiliary members in the selected villages of Cebu City, the Philippines of the year 2014.  The descriptive correlational method of research was used.  The study employed researchers-made questionnaire using convenient sampling method in gathering information from the respondents. The accumulated data were treated using simple percentage, weighted mean, rank, and Chi-square test of independence.  The respondents were the 320-barangay officials from selected barangays in the north and south districts of Cebu City and 40 police personnel in each police station that has jurisdiction over the selected barangays in the City of Cebu.  The study revealed that most of the respondents are from ages 34-41, males, and are married. The level of implementation in both educational and rehabilitation approaches shows that the respondents are implementing the programs.  The law enforcement approach revealed that the respondents are fully implementing the programs.  The most common problems encountered are the lack of regular funding, lack of cooperation from the community, and lack of facilities for an individual program.  It was concluded that law enforcement approach was implemented in the prevention and control of the dangerous drugs in Cebu City, Philippines.   Keywords-Criminal Justice, dangerous drugs, descriptive correlational method, Philippines

Programming, Budgeting, and Control in the North Carolina "Willie M." Program

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
David Phoenix ◽  
Paul D. Geyer ◽  
Lee Kittredge ◽  
Yevonne S. Brannon ◽  
Michael Pedneau
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
The North ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Spatial Characteristics of PM2.5 Pollution among Cities and Policy Implication in the Northern Part of the North China Plain

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Yangjun Wang ◽  
Hongli Li ◽  
Jin Feng ◽  
Wu Wang ◽  
Ziyi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
North China Plain ◽  
North China ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
The North China Plain ◽  
And Control

In the recent decade, the North China Plain (NCP) has been among the region’s most heavily polluted by PM2.5 in China. For the nonattainment cities in the NCP, joint pollution control with related cities is highly needed in addition to the emission controls in their own cities. However, as the basis of decision-making, the spatial characteristics of PM2.5 among these cities are still insufficiently revealed. In this work, the spatial characteristics among all nonattainment cities in the northern part of the North China Plain (NNCP) region were revealed based on data mining technologies including clustering, coefficient of divergence (COD), network correlation model, and terrain and meteorology analysis. The results indicate that PM2.5 pollution of cities with a distance of less than 180 km exhibits homogeneity in the NCP region. Especially, the sub-region, composed of Xinxiang, Hebi, Kaifeng, Zhengzhou, and Jiaozuo, was strongly homogeneous and a strong correlation exists among them. Compared with spring and summer, much stronger correlations of PM2.5 between cities were found in autumn and winter, indicating a strong need for joint prevention and control during these periods. All nonattainment cities in this region were divided into city-clusters, depending on the seasons and pollution levels to further helping to reduce their PM2.5 concentrations effectively. Air stagnation index (ASI) analysis indicates that the strong correlations between cities in autumn were more attributed to the transport impacts than those in winter, even though there were higher PM2.5 concentrations in winter. These results provided an insight into joint prevention and control of pollution in the NCP region.

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