Comparative phylogeography reveals consistently shallow genetic diversity in a mitochondrial marker in Antarctic bdelloid rotifers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyneb Vildan Cakil ◽  
Giuseppe Garlasché ◽  
Nataliia Iakovenko ◽  
Andrea Di Cesare ◽  
Ester M. Eckert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Comparative Phylogeography ◽  
Bdelloid Rotifers

Genetic diversity of Chionomys genus (Mammalia, Arvicolinae) and comparative phylogeography of snow voles

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bannikova ◽  
A. M. Sighazeva ◽  
V. G. Malikov ◽  
F. N. Golenishchev ◽  
R. I. Dzuev
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Comparative Phylogeography

Schistosome genetic diversity: the implications of population structure as detected with microsatellite markers

Parasitology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. S51-S59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CURTIS ◽  
R. E. SORENSEN ◽  
D. J. MINCHELLA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Blood Flukes

Blood flukes in the genus Schistosoma are important human parasites in tropical regions. A substantial amount of genetic diversity has been described in populations of these parasites using molecular markers. We first consider the extent of genetic variation found in Schistosoma mansoni and some factors that may be contributing to this variation. Recently, though, attempts have been made to analyze not only the genetic diversity but how that diversity is partitioned within natural populations of schistosomes. Studies with non-allelic molecular markers (e.g. RAPDs and mtVNTRs) have indicated that schistosome populations exhibit varying levels of gene flow among component subpopulations. The recent characterization of microsatellite markers for S. mansoni provided an opportunity to study schistosome population structure within a population of schistosomes from a single Brazilian village using allelic markers. Whereas the detection of population structure depends strongly on the type of analysis with a mitochondrial marker, analyses with a set of seven microsatellite loci consistently revealed moderate genetic differentiation when village boroughs were used to define parasite subpopulations and greater subdivision when human hosts defined subpopulations. Finally, we discuss the implications that such strong population structure might have on schistosome epidemiology.

scholarly journals Clinging to survival: Critically Endangered Chapman's pygmy chameleon Rhampholeon chapmanorum persists in shrinking forest patches

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Krystal A. Tolley ◽  
Colin R. Tilbury ◽  
Jessica M. da Silva ◽  
Gary Brown ◽  
Yankho Chapeta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Forest Loss ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Critically Endangered Chapman's pygmy chameleon Rhampholeon chapmanorum is endemic to the low elevation rainforest of the Malawi Hills in southern Malawi. Much of this forest has been converted to agriculture and it was uncertain whether chameleon populations have persisted. We used current and historical satellite imagery to identify remaining forest patches and assess deforestation. We then surveyed forest patches for the presence of this chameleon, and assessed its genetic diversity and structure. We estimated that 80% of the forest has been destroyed since 1984, although we found extant populations of the chameleon in each of the patches surveyed. Differentiation of genetic structure was strong between populations, suggesting that gene flow has been impaired. Genetic diversity was not low, but this could be the result of a temporal lag as well as lack of sensitivity in the mitochondrial marker used. Overall, the impact of forest loss is assumed to have led to a large demographic decline, with forest fragmentation preventing gene flow.

scholarly journals Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Aedes aegypti Subspecies across the Sahelian Belt in Sudan

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Sara Abdelrahman Abuelmaali ◽  
Jamsari Amirul Firdaus Jamaluddin ◽  
Kheder Noaman ◽  
Mushal Allam ◽  
Hind Mohammad Abushama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Arboviral Disease

Aedes aegypti is the most important arboviral disease vector worldwide. In Africa, it exists as two morphologically distinct forms, often referred to as subspecies, Aaa and Aaf. There is a dearth of information on the distribution and genetic diversity of these two forms in Sudan and other African Sahelian region countries. This study aimed to explore the distribution and genetic diversity of Aedes aegypti subspecies using morphology and Cytochrome oxidase-1 mitochondrial marker in a large Sahelian zone in Sudan. An extensive cross-sectional survey of Aedes aegypti in Sudan was performed. Samples collected from eight locations were morphologically identified, subjected to DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing, and analyses. We classified four populations as Aaa and the other four as Aaf. Out of 140 sequence samples, forty-six distinct haplotypes were characterized. The haplotype and nucleotide diversity of the collected samples were 0.377–0.947 and 0.002–0.01, respectively. Isolation by distance was significantly evident (r = 0.586, p = 0.005). The SAMOVA test indicated that all Aaf populations are structured in one group, while the Aaa clustered into two groups. AMOVA showed 53.53% genetic differences within populations and 39.22% among groups. Phylogenetic relationships indicated two clusters in which the two subspecies were structured. Thus, the haplotype network consisted of three clusters.

scholarly journals Alpine Crossroads or Origin of Genetic Diversity? Comparative Phylogeography of Two Sympatric Microgastropod Species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e37089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Weigand ◽  
Markus Pfenninger ◽  
Adrienne Jochum ◽  
Annette Klussmann-Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Comparative Phylogeography

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of northeast Atlantic marine taxa shows contrasting phylogeographic patterns following post-LGM expansions

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom L. Jenkins ◽  
Rita Castilho ◽  
Jamie R. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Comparative Phylogeography ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Species Specific

Background Comparative phylogeography enables the study of historical and evolutionary processes that have contributed to shaping patterns of contemporary genetic diversity across co-distributed species. In this study, we explored genetic structure and historical demography in a range of coastal marine species across the northeast Atlantic to assess whether there are commonalities in phylogeographic patterns across taxa and to evaluate whether the timings of population expansions were linked to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Methods A literature search was conducted using Web of Science. Search terms were chosen to maximise the inclusion of articles reporting on population structure and phylogeography from the northeast Atlantic; titles and abstracts were screened to identify suitable articles within the scope of this study. Given the proven utility of mtDNA in comparative phylogeography and the availability of these data in the public domain, a meta-analysis was conducted using published mtDNA gene sequences. A standardised methodology was implemented to ensure that the genealogy and demographic history of all mtDNA datasets were reanalysed in a consistent and directly comparable manner. Results Mitochondrial DNA datasets were built for 21 species. The meta-analysis revealed significant population differentiation in 16 species and four main types of haplotype network were found, with haplotypes in some species unique to specific geographical locations. A signal of rapid expansion was detected in 16 species, whereas five species showed evidence of a stable population size. Corrected mutation rates indicated that the majority of expansions were estimated to have occurred after the earliest estimate for the LGM (∼26.5 Kyr), while few expansions were estimated to have pre-dated the LGM. Conclusion This study suggests that post-LGM expansion appeared to be common in a range of marine taxa, supporting the concept of rapid expansions after the LGM as the ice sheets started to retreat. However, despite the commonality of expansion patterns in many of these taxa, phylogeographic patterns appear to differ in the species included in this study. This suggests that species-specific evolutionary processes, as well as historical events, have likely influenced the distribution of genetic diversity of marine taxa in the northeast Atlantic.

scholarly journals DNA barcodes evidence the contact zone of eastern and western caddisfly lineages in the Western Carpathians

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Bozáňová ◽  
Fedor Čiampor ◽  
Tomasz Mamos ◽  
Michal Grabowski ◽  
Zuzana Čiamporová-Zat’ovičová
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Mitochondrial Marker ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Freshwater Fauna ◽  
W Carpathians

AbstractThe region of the Western Carpathians is, among other aspects, very important for survival and diversity of European freshwater fauna due to the presence of a large number of (sub)mountain springs and streams. However, these ecologically and faunistically diversified habitats are still understudied in the context of genetic diversity and population structure of their inhabitants. This study focuses on genetic diversity and distribution patterns of the caddisfly Rhyacophila tristis, common and widespread representative of mountain freshwater fauna. Analysis of the COI mitochondrial marker revealed presence of the western and eastern lineages, with samples from both lineages being grouped in BOLD (Barcode of Life Data System) into separate BINs (Barcode Index Numbers). Our data indicates that eastern lineage (BIN_E) is more closely related to the Balkan populations than to co-occurring western lineage (BIN_W), and that the contact zone of the lineages passes through the W Carpathians. The study revealed phylogeographic and demographic differences between lineages, supporting hypothesis of their evolutionary independence and specific ecological preferences. The obtained genetic data of the R. tristis population from W Carpathians improved our knowledge about population genetics of this aquatic species and can contribute to understanding the state and evolution of biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems in Europe.

scholarly journals Genetic diversification in the East Himalayas as revealed by comparative phylogeography of the black-throated bushtit and Elliot’s laughing thrush

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Quan ◽  
Yanhua Qu ◽  
Fumin Lei
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Comparative Phylogeography ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
The North ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Glacial Periods

Abstract The Southwest Mountainous region of the eastern Himalayas is a hotspot with extraordinarily high biodiversity and endemism, but the processes that have driven this unique diversity are largely unknown. We evaluated processes that have contributed to the current observed high genetic diversity in this region by integrating comparative phylogeography with ecological niche modeling in a study of two representative birds of the Southwest Mountains: the black-throated bushtit Aegithalos concinnus and the Elliot’s laughing thrush Garrulax elliotii. Mitochondrial DNA analyses revealed multiple divergent genetic lineages, which are roughly congruent with the north, south and east eco-subregion division of the Southwest Mountains. This strong geographical structure in these two species suggests that lineage diversification has proceeded in situ between the eco-subregions of the Southwest Mountains. During Pleistocene glaciations, the two species responded differently to climatic fluctuations. A. con-cinnus maintained rather stable habitats, mostly evergreen forests, during glacial cycles and thus kept a stable population size and further accumulated genetic diversity. In contrast, G. elliotii, which is mostly active in shrublands, has shifted its suitable habitats with glacial cycles. This species dispersed to low elevation areas during glacial periods, which provided multiple opportunities for gene admixture. The admixture causes the mixing of previously isolated genetic lineages and thus obscures the pattern of genetic variation.

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